CEN/TR 17603-20-20:2022
(Main)Space engineering - Guidelines for electrical design and interface requirements for power supply
Space engineering - Guidelines for electrical design and interface requirements for power supply
In general terms, the scope of the consolidation of LCLs power distribution interface requirements in the EN 16603-20-20 (equivalent to ECSS-E-ST-20-20) and the relevant explanation in the present handbook is to allow a more recurrent approach for the specific designs offered by power unit manufacturers, at the benefit of the system integrators and of the Agency, thus ensuring:
- better quality,
- stability of performances, and
- independence of the products from specific mission targets.
A recurrent approach enables power distribution manufacturing companies to concentrate on products and a small step improvement approach that is the basis of a high quality industrial output.
In particular, the scope of the present handbook is:
- to explain the principles of operation of power distribution based on LCLs,
- to identify important issues related to LCLs, and
- to give some explanations of the requirements set up in the ECSS-E-ST-20-20 for power distribution based on LCLs, for both source and load sides.
Raumfahrttechnik - Richtlinen für das elektrische Design und die Schnittstellenanforderungen von Stromversorgunge
Ingénierie spatiale - Règles de design électrique et exigences d’interfaces pour les alimentations de puissanc
Vesoljska tehnika - Smernice za električno načrtovanje in zahteve vmesnikov za napajanje
Na splošno naj bi konsolidacija zahtev za vmesnike za distribucijo električne energije LCL v standardu EN 16603-20-20 (enakovreden dokumentu ECSS-E-ST-20-20) in ustrezna razlaga v tem priročniku omogočili ponavljajoči se pristop za posebno projektiranje, ki ga ponujajo proizvajalci pogonskih enot, v korist sistemskih integratorjev in Agencije, s čimer se zagotovi:
– večja kakovost,
– stabilnost delovanja in
– neodvisnost izdelkov od ciljev posameznih misij.
Ponavljajoči se pristop podjetjem za proizvodnjo električne energije omogoča, da se osredotočijo na izdelke in pristop k izboljšanju z majhnimi koraki, ki je osnova za visokokakovostno industrijsko proizvodnjo.
Področje uporabe tega priročnika vključuje zlasti:
– razlago principov delovanja distribucije električne energije na osnovi LCL,
– prepoznavanje pomembnih vprašanj, povezanih z LCL, in
– nekaj razlag zahtev, določenih v dokumentu ECSS-E-ST-20-20 za distribucijo energije, ki temelji na LCL, tako na strani vira kot obremenitve.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Vesoljska tehnika - Smernice za električno načrtovanje in zahteve vmesnikov za
napajanje
Space engineering - Guidelines for electrical design and interface requirements for
power supply
Raumfahrttechnik - Richtlinen für das elektrische Design und die
Schnittstellenanforderungen von Stromversorgunge
Ingénierie spatiale - Règles de design électrique et exigences d’interfaces pour les
alimentations de puissanc
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17603-20-20:2022
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT CEN/TR 17603-20-20
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
January 2022
ICS 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Guidelines for electrical design and
interface requirements for power supply
Ingénierie spatiale - Règles de design électrique et Raumfahrttechnik - Richtlinen für das elektrische
exigences d'interfaces pour les alimentations de Design und die Schnittstellenanforderungen von
puissanc Stromversorgunge
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 29 November 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 5.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
Ref. No. CEN/TR 17603-20-20:2022 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 9
3.1 Terms from other documents . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 9
4 Explanations . 11
4.1 Explanatory note . 11
4.2 How to use this document . 11
5 Power distribution by LCLs/RLCLs . 12
5.1 General architecture . 12
5.2 Functionality . 13
Overview . 13
Switch, driver and current sensor . 13
Trip-off section . 15
Memory cell and switch supply section . 18
Undervoltage protection section . 19
Auxiliary supply section . 21
Telemetry section . 21
5.3 Retriggerable Latching Current Limiter case . 22
5.4 Heater Latching Current Limiter case. 23
5.5 Reference power bus specification . 24
5.6 Performance, state of the art . 24
5.7 Critical requirements and important issues . 27
Overview . 27
Nominal conditions (LCL fully operational) . 28
Fault conditions (partially or fully failed LCL) . 51
RLCL specific requirements . 60
Applicable rating/derating rules . 61
Load input filter damping . 63
Annex A LCL generic block diagram . 65
Annex B Generic Power Distribution diagram by LCLs . 66
Annex C LCL timing diagram . 67
Annex D Dragging effect . 68
Annex E LCL Transient Mode Stability Verification . 71
Annex F Reliable RLCL retrigger disable approach . 73
Annex G APEC 2013 paper “MOSFET Gate Open Failure Analysis in Power
Electronics” . 75
Annex H ESPC 2014 paper “Approach to design for stability a system
comprising a non-ideal current source and a generic load” . 76
Annex I ESPC 2014 paper “LCL current control loop stability design” . 77
Figures
Figure 5-1: LCL generic block diagram . 12
Figure 5-2: Switch, driver and current sensor . 14
Figure 5-3: Trip-off section . 15
Figure 5-4: Thermal electrical network equivalence . 16
Figure 5-5: LCL overload timing diagram . 17
Figure 5-6: Comparison between nominal turn ON (right) and overload caused by a
short circuit (left) . 17
Figure 5-7 : Memory cell and switch supply section . 18
Figure 5-8 : Undervoltage protection section . 19
Figure 5-9, UVP timing diagram . 20
Figure 5-10: RLCL overload timing diagram . 22
Figure 5-11: HLCL application . 23
Figure 5-12: LCL overload timing diagram, alternative behaviour . 27
Figure 5-13, Generic power distribution diagram by LCL. . 28
Figure 5-14: Typical start-up current profile of a DC/DC converter attached to a voltage
source and a series switch. . 31
Figure 5-15: Typical start-up current profile of a DC/DC converter attached to a LCL . 31
Figure 5-16: Possible LCL output voltage when input bus voltage is rising . 34
Figure 5-17: LCL current limitation control loop example . 36
Figure 5-18, Stability and time domain transients . 37
Figure 5-19: LCL time domain measurement set-up . 37
Figure 5-20: LCL impedance versus power supply and switch impedance . 38
Figure 5-21: Thermal and electrical behaviour under current limitation mode . 40
Figure 5-22: MFET Thermal impedance, example . 40
Figure 5-23: Electrical and thermal behaviour mismatch under repetitive overload . 41
Figure 5-24: LCL Behaviour under repetitive overload and UVP activation. . 44
Figure 5-25: Complex payload with an internal distribution system . 45
Figure 5-26: LCL followed by a switch . 46
Figure 5-27: Complex load with cascaded LCLs . 47
Figure 5-28: LCL connections. 49
Figure 5-29: Additional switch on power system (LCL) side . 54
Figure 5-30: Additional switch on load side. 54
Figure 5-31: Switch power dissipation in event of D-G short circuit failure . 56
Figure 5-32: Switch voltage drop in event of D-G short circuit failure . 57
Figure 5-33: Maximum safe operating area, example (red arrows indicate power limit in
transient application) . 62
Tables
Table 5-1: Thermal electrical network equivalence . 16
Table 5-2, LCLs, state of the art performances . 24
European Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17603-20-20:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
It is highlighted that this technical report does not contain any requirement but only collection of data
or descriptions and guidelines about how to organize and perform the work in support of 16603-20.
This Technical report (CEN/TR 17603-20-20:2022) originates from ECSS-E-HB-20-20A.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association.
This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence
over any TR covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g.: aerospace).
Introduction
The power distribution by Latching Current Limiters, or LCLs, has been widely used in almost all
European satellites for some decades as an effective way to achieve a very controlled and reliable load
connection and disconnection from the satellite main bus, including power management in case of
overload and load short circuit failures.
Additionally, power distribution by LCLs minimises inrush current events due to load filters charging
(see section 5.7.2.3), and for this reason effectively allows the reduction of the loads filters themselves.
On the other side power distribution by LCLs has always been matter of “local” discussion and
review, while no attempt has been done so far to collect all the available information in a congruent
and explanatory handbook and to allow a product-oriented specification as presently done with
ECSS-E-ST-20-20.
This handbook complements ECSS-E-ST-20-20, and it is directed at the same time to power system
engineers, who are specifying and procuring units containing LCLs for power distribution and
protection, and to power electronics design engineers, who are in charge of designing and verifying
power distribution by LCLs.
For the system engineers, this document explains the detailed issues at circuit level and the impacts of
the requirements for the design of LCLs.
For design engineers, this document gives insight and understanding on the rationales of the
requirements on their designs.
It is important to notice that the best understanding of the topic of Power Distribution based by LCLs
is achieved by the contextual reading of both the present handbook and the ECSS-E-ST-20-20.
Note that the present issue of the handbook covers electrical design and interface requirements for
power distribution based on Latching Current Limiters only.
Future issues of the present handbook will cover additional power interfaces.
Scope
In general terms, the scope of the consolidation of LCLs power distribution interf
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