CEN/TS 15901-3:2009

Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 3: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCA): The ADHERA

This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of pavements by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCA.
The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a locked wheel trailer with a slip ratio of 100 % (locked wheel: standard), or a variable slip between 0 % to 100 % (for research measurements). Within this method the steady state friction on a braked test wheel is measured.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre wetted pavement under controlled load and constant speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.
This technical specification covers the operation of the ADHERA device.
NOTE   The research measurements are not yet measured by all the ADHERA but with only one called "ADHERA research".
In addition to friction measurements, to determine the macrotexture of the pavement surface a laser system is used (mlpc device named RUGO). This system is placed just before the test wheel in order to measure the macrotexture (mean profile depth - MPD) on dry pavements and on the same path as the skid resistance measurement is done. The standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473 1.
The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements and measurements of pavement texture. The skid resistance may be reported either as friction measurement or as a combination of friction and texture measurements.

Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen - Teil 3: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit geregeltem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCA): das ADHERA-Gerät

Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Messung des Reibungskoeffizienten in Längsrichtung LFCA.
Das Verfahren liefert ein Maß für die Nassgriffigkeitseigenschaften einer gebundenen Oberfläche durch Mes-sung des Reibungskoeffizienten in Längsrichtung mit Hilfe eines Anhängers mit blockiertem Rad mit einem Schlupfverhältnis von 100 % (Standard für diese Norm ist das blockierte Rad) oder einem variablen Schlupf zwischen 0 % und 100 % (für Forschungsmessungen). Bei diesem Verfahren wird die stationäre Reibung an einem gebremsten Messrad gemessen.
Der Messreifen wird unter geregelten Lastbedingungen und mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit über eine zuvor angenässte Fahrbahndecke gezogen, wobei er parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung und rechtwinklig zur Fahrbahn läuft.
Diese Technische Spezifikation behandelt den Betrieb des ADHERA-Geräts.
ANMERKUNG   Die Forschungsmessungen können derzeit noch nicht mit allen ADHERA-Geräten, sondern nur mit dem als "ADHERA research" bezeichneten Gerät durchgeführt werden.
Zusätzlich zu den Reibungsmessungen wird zur Bestimmung der Makrotextur der Fahrbahndecke ein Laser-system (ein mlpc-Gerät mit der Bezeichnung RUGO) verwendet. Dieses System wird unmittelbar vor dem Messrad angeordnet, um die Messung der Makrotextur (bzw. der mittleren Profiltiefe, MPD) auf der trockenen Fahrbahn und auf der für die Griffigkeitsmessungen verwendeten Messstrecke zu ermöglichen. Das Normver-fahren für diese Messung und das dafür zu verwendende Messgerät sind in EN ISO 13473 1 beschrieben.
Die Griffigkeit einer Fahrbahn wird durch Reibungsmessungen und Messungen der Textur der Fahrbahn¬decke ermittelt. Die Griffigkeit kann entweder als Reibungsmessung oder als eine Kombination aus Reibungs- und Texturmessung angegeben werden.

Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 3 : Mode opératoire de détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à frottement longitudinal contrôlé (CFLA): l'ADHERA

La présente Spécification technique décrit une méthode permettant de déterminer l’adhérence des chaussées  par mesurage du coefficient de frottement longitudinal CFLA.
La méthode propose de mesurer les propriétés d’adhérence sur chaussée mouillée d’une surface limitée, en déterminant le coefficient de frottement longitudinal à l’aide d’une remorque à roue bloquée avec un taux de glissement de 100 % (roue bloquée : normalisée) ou variable compris entre 0 % et 100 % (mesures de recherche). Cette méthode permet de mesurer le frottement permanent sur une roue d’essai freinée.
Le pneumatique d’essai est traîné sur une chaussée préalablement mouillée, dans des conditions contrôlées de charge et de vitesse constante, parallèle à la direction du mouvement et perpendiculaire à la chaussée.
La présente spécification technique porte sur le fonctionnement de l’appareil ADHERA.
NOTE   Les mesures de recherche ne sont pas encore réalisées par l’ensemble des appareils ADHERA, mais uniquement par celui appelé «  ADHERA recherche».
Outre les mesures du frottement, un système laser est utilisé (appareil mlpc appelé RUGO) pour déterminer la macrotexture de la chaussée. Ce système est placé devant la roue d’essai afin de mesurer la macrotexture (profondeur moyenne du profil) sur chaussées sèches, sur la même trace que la mesure de frottement. La norme de ce mesurage et le dispositif sont présentés dans l’EN ISO 13473-1.
L’adhérence d’une chaussée est déterminée par mesures du frottement et de la texture de la chaussée. L’adhérence peut être reportée sous forme de mesure du frottement ou d’une combinaison de mesures du frottement et de la texture.

Značilnosti cestnih in vzletnih površin - 3. del: Postopek določanja torne sposobnosti vozne površine z opremo za vzdolžne meritve s kontroliranim drsenjem (LFCA): ADHERA

Ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje metodo določanja torne sposobnosti površin z meritvijo količnika trenja LFCA. Metoda določa merilo lastnosti tornih sposobnosti mokre omejene površine z meritvijo količnika trenja z uporabo priklopnika z zaklenjenim kolesom s stopnjo zdrsa pri 100 % (zaklenjeno kolo:  standardno) ali s spremenljivo stopnjo zdrsa med 0 do 100 % (za raziskovalne meritve). V okviru te metode se meri trenje v mirujočem stanju na zavornem preskusnem kolesu. S preskusno pnevmatiko se zavira na predhodno namočeni površini pod nadzorovanimi pogoji upora in hitrosti, medtem ko je preskusna pnevmatika vzporedna s smerjo gibanja in navpična na površino. Ta tehnična specifikacija zajema delovanje opreme ADHERA. Za določevanje makroteksture vozne površine se poleg meritev trenja uporablja laserski sistem (oprema imenovana RUGO podjetja mlcp). Ta sistem je nameščen tik pred poskusnim kolesom, da se meri makrotekstura (povprečna globina profila - MDP) suhih površin, in na isti stezi, na kateri se izvaja meritev torne sposobnosti. Standard za to meritev in napravo je opisan v EN ISO 13473-1. Torna sposobnost površine je določena z meritvami trenja in meritvami teksture površine. Torna sposobnost je lahko predstavljena bodisi kot meritev trenja ali kot kombinacija meritev trenja in teksture.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Nov-2009
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• ICS: 93.120 - Construction of airports
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 227 - Road materials
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 227/WG 5 - Surface characteristics
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 26-Jun-2012
• Completion Date: 26-Jun-2012
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-3:2010 - Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 3: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCA): The ADHERA

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2010
=QDþLOQRVWLFHVWQLKLQY]OHWQLKSRYUãLQGHO3RVWRSHNGRORþDQMDWRUQH
VSRVREQRVWLYR]QHSRYUãLQH]RSUHPR]DY]GROåQHPHULWYHVNRQWUROLUDQLP
GUVHQMHP/)&$$'+(5$
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 3: Procedure for determining the skid
resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCA):
The ADHERA
Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines
Geräts mit geregeltem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCA): das ADHERA-Gerät
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 3: Mode opératoire de
détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à
frottement longitudinal contrôlé (CFLA): l'ADHERA
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15901-3:2009
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
93.120 *UDGQMDOHWDOLãþ Construction of airports
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15901-3
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2009
ICS 93.080.20
English Version
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 3: Procedure for
determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a
device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCA): The ADHERA
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen -
3 : Mode opératoire de détermination de l'adhérence d'un Teil 3: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von
revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à frottement Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit
longitudinal contrôlé (CFLA): l'ADHERA geregeltem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCA): das
ADHERA-Gerät
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 June 2009 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-3:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Recommended uses .4
4 Terms and definitions .5
5 Safety .8
6 Essential Characteristics .8
6.1 Principle of measurements .8
6.2 Description of ADHERA .9
7 Key characteristics .9
7.1 General .9
7.2 Test speed .9
7.3 Braking system .9
7.4 Static wheel load .9
7.5 Dynamic wheel load . 10
7.6 Test wheel arrangement . 10
7.7 Test tyre . 10
7.8 Tyre and rim . 10
7.9 Torque-measuring transducer . 10
7.10 Minimum sampling interval . 10
7.11 Pavement wetting system, water film thickness . 10
7.12 Laser equipment for macrotexture measurements . 11
7.13 General requirements for measuring system . 11
8 Test Procedure . 11
8.1 Standard test conditions . 11
8.2 Prior to testing . 11
8.3 Testing . 12
9 Data recording . 12
10 Calibration . 13
10.1 General . 13
10.2 Calibration of the static vertical test wheel load . 13
10.3 Calibration of the braking torque . 13
11 Accuracy . 13
12 Test report . 13

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15901-3:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of pavements by
measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCA.
The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of
the longitudinal friction coefficient using a locked wheel trailer with a slip ratio of 100 % (locked wheel:
standard), or a variable slip between 0 % to 100 % (for research measurements). Within this method the
steady-state friction on a braked test wheel is measured.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled load and constant speed conditions
while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.
This technical specification covers the operation of the ADHERA device.
NOTE The research measurements are not yet measured by all the ADHERA but with only one called “ADHERA
research”.
In addition to friction measurements, to determine the macrotexture of the pavement surface a laser system is
used (mlpc device named RUGO). This system is placed just before the test wheel in order to measure the
macrotexture (mean profile depth – MPD) on dry pavements and on the same path as the skid resistance
measurement is done. The standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473-1.
The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements and measurements of pavement
texture. The skid resistance may be reported either as friction measurement or as a combination of friction
and texture measurements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 13473-1, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles – Part 1: Determination of
Mean Profile Depth (ISO 13473-1:1997)
ISO 13473-2, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles – Part 2: Terminology and basic
requirements related to pavement texture profile analysis
3 Recommended uses
The ADHERA is used in the following fields of application:
 monitoring of networks (Pavement Management);
 approval of new surfacing;
 investigation of surface skid resistance;
 measurements on project-level compliance;
 comparative measurements among different devices;
 research measurements.
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
contact area
overall area of the road surface instantaneously in contact with a tyre
NOTE This term describes the overall area generally covered by the tyre. Due to the effects of surface texture or any
tyre tread pattern, not all of the tyre or road surface in the contact area can be in contact at any instant.
4.2
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, the frictional force being the force which acts
tangentially in the contact area
4.3
vertical force
load
force applied by the wheel assembly on the contact area
NOTE Some devices use an assumed load based on the static load.
4.4
horizontal force
drag
horizontal force acting tangentially on the test wheel in line with the direction of travel
4.5
slip ratio
slip speed divided by the operating speed
4.6
longitudinal friction coefficient
LFC
ratio between horizontal force (drag) and vertical load (load) for a braked wheel in controlled conditions, which
is normally a decimal number quoted to two significant figures
NOTE LFC varies depending on the slip ratio of the device and the operational speed.
4.7
skid resistance
characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured in accordance with a standardised method
4.8
wet road skid resistance
property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre
in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water
NOTE Factors that contribute to skid resistance include the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern, and rubber
composition; the alignment, texture, surface contamination, and characteristics of the road surface; the vehicle speed; and
the weather conditions.
The skid resistance of a road surface in Europe varies seasonally. Generally, wet skid resistance is higher in winter as a
result of the effects of wet detritus and the effects of frost and wear by tyres on microtexture and macrotexture. Wet skid
resistance is lower in summer as a result of dry polishing by tyres in the presence of fine detritus.
The change in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the composition of the traffic,
i.e. cars, buses, commercial vehicles of different sizes, as the tyres of these vehicles polish and/or wear away the
...