EN ISO 16995:2015

Solid biofuels - Determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content (ISO 16995:2015)

ISO 16995:2015 describes a method for the determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content in solid biofuels by extraction with water in a closed container and their subsequent quantification by different analytical techniques.

Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des wasserlöslichen Gehaltes an Chlorid, Natrium und Kalium (ISO 16995:2015)

Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur en chlorure, sodium et potassium solubles dans l'eau (ISO 16995:2015)

L'ISO 16995:2015 décrit une méthode de détermination de la teneur en potassium, sodium et chlorure solubles dans l'eau dans les biocombustibles solides, par extraction avec de l'eau dans un récipient fermé, et leur quantification ultérieure par différentes techniques analytiques.

Trdna biogoriva - Določevanje vodotopnega klorida, natrija in kalija (ISO 16995:2015)

Ta mednarodni standard opisuje metodo za določevanje vodotopnega klorida, natrija in kalija v trdnih biogorivih z ekstrakcijo z vodo v zaprtem vsebniku ter njihovo nadaljnjo kvantifikacijo z različnimi analitskimi tehnikami.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Feb-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Aug-2015
• ICS: 27.190 - Biological sources and alternative sources of energy
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 335 - Solid biofuels
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 335 - Solid biofuels
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 18-Feb-2015
• Completion Date: 18-Feb-2015
• Directive: 2000/76/EC - Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste
• Mandate: M/298 - Mandate to CEN for standardisation in the field of solid biofuels
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 16995:2015 - Solid biofuels - Determination of the water soluble content of chloride, sodium and potassium (ISO 16995:2015)

Relations

• Replaces: EN 15105:2011 - Solid biofuels - Determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Overview

EN ISO 16995:2015 - Solid biofuels - Determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content (ISO 16995:2015) describes a standardized laboratory method to extract and quantify the water‑soluble fractions of chloride, sodium and potassium from solid biofuels. The method uses a closed‑vessel water extraction (120 °C, 1 h) followed by analytical determination by ion chromatography, potentiometric titration, flame emission/absorption or ICP‑OES. The standard supersedes EN 15105:2011 and is intended for consistent, comparable biofuel testing across laboratories.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope: Determines the amount extractable with water (water‑soluble chloride, Na, K) - not the total element content. Relevant to salt forms that are mobile and volatile during combustion.
• Extraction procedure:
  • Sample: 1.0 g (nominal top size ≤ 1 mm, prepared per EN 14780).
  • Add 50.0 ml deionized water in a fluoropolymer vessel (≈100 ml) with tight cap.
  • Heat closed vessel at 120 ± 5 °C for 60 min, cool, dilute to 100 ml, filter (0.45 μm).
• Analytical methods:
  • Chloride: Ion chromatography (IC) or potentiometric titration with AgNO3 (note: titration includes water‑soluble bromide and iodide).
  • Sodium & potassium: Flame emission spectroscopy (FES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or ICP‑OES.
• Apparatus & reagents: Oven/autoclave capable of 120 °C; fluoropolymer vessels resistant to ≥125 °C/232 kPa (borosilicate glass acceptable when testing chloride only); deionized water with negligible Cl/Na/K; balance with ≥1 mg resolution.
• Quality elements: Concurrent moisture determination (ISO 18134‑3) when results are converted to other bases; blank tests, filtration, and reporting requirements. Performance characteristics and test report structure are specified.

Applications and users

• Practical for: biofuel producers, independent testing laboratories, boiler and CHP plant operators, fuel traders, environmental regulators and researchers.
• Use cases:
  • Assessing risk of corrosion, fouling and slagging in combustion systems.
  • Estimating volatile, aggressive fractions of Na and K that influence emissions and ash behavior.
  • Quality control and specification compliance for wood chips, pellets, straw and other solid biofuels.

Related standards

• ISO 9964‑1/2/3 (Na/K determinations), ISO 10304‑1 (ion chromatography for anions), ISO 11885 (ICP‑OES), ISO 16559, ISO 16993, ISO 18134‑3 (moisture), EN 14780 (sample preparation), Std. Meth. 4500‑Cl‑D.

Keywords: EN ISO 16995:2015, solid biofuels, water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium determination, biofuel testing, ion chromatography, ICP‑OES, potentiometric titration, extraction 120 °C.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15105:2011
7UGQDELRJRULYD'RORþHYDQMHYRGRWRSQHJDNORULGDQDWULMDLQNDOLMD,62

Solid biofuels - Determination of the water soluble content of chloride, sodium and
potassium (ISO 16995:2015)
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung des wasserlöslichen Gehaltes an Chlorid, Natrium
und Kalium (ISO 16995:2015)
Biocombustibles solides - Méthodes de détermination de la teneur en chlorure, sodium et
potassium solubles dans l'eau (ISO 16995:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16995:2015
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16995
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2015
ICS 27.190; 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 15105:2011
English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of the water soluble chloride,
sodium and potassium content (ISO 16995:2015)
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur en Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des wasserlöslichen
chlorure, sodium et potassium solubles dans l'eau (ISO Gehaltes an Chlorid, Natrium und Kalium (ISO 16995:2015)
16995:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
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EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16995:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16995:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels”
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15105:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16995:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16995:2015 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16995
First edition
2015-02-15
Solid biofuels — Determination of the
water soluble chloride, sodium and
potassium content
Biocombustibles solides — Détermination de la teneur en chlorure,
sodium et potassium solubles dans l’eau
Reference number
ISO 16995:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 16995:2015(E)
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16995:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Preparation of the test sample . 2
8 Procedure. 2
8.1 Extraction . 2
8.2 Detection methods . 3
8.2.1 General. 3
8.2.2 Methods for the determination of chloride concentration . 3
8.2.3 Methods for the determination of sodium and potassium concentration . 3
8.3 Blank test . 3
9 Calculation . 4
10 Performance characteristics . 4
11 Test report . 4
Annex A (informative) Performance data . 5
Bibliography . 7
ISO 16995:2015(E)
Foreword
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16995:2015(E)
Introduction
The elements chlorine, sodium and potassium are present in solid biofuels. They can contribute
significantly to utilization problems such as corrosion, fouling and slagging in furnaces. Also, they affect
the gaseous emissions from the thermal processes.
The chlorine content in solid biofuels is mainly present as water soluble inorganic salts such as sodium
and potassium chlorides or other ion-exchangeable forms. Determination of the water soluble chloride
content is thus an alternative and simple method to achieve information of the level of chlorine in solid
biofuels. However, the content of water soluble chloride is not to be mistaken for the total content of
chlorine in the fuels.
In solid biofuels sodium and potassium can be present as both minerals and salts. The salts of these
elements are extractable with water and are readily volatile during thermal conversion. By determination
of the water soluble content of sodium and potassium, an estimate of the aggressive content of the
elements in relation to potential slagging and fouling problems can be achieved. For some biofuels, such
as straw, experience has shown that the water soluble content of sodiu
...