EN 17096:2018

Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of the strain hardening modulus of PE-HD geosynthetic barriers

This document specifies a test method for the measurement of the strain hardening modulus which is used as a measure for the resistance to slow crack growth of polyethylene. The strain hardening modulus is obtained from true stress versus draw ratio curves on PE-HD geosynthetic barrier samples.
This standard specifies how measurement is performed and how the strain hardening modulus is determined. Details of the required equipment, precision and sample preparations are given.
This test method is suitable for all PE-HD types of GBR-P.

Geokunststoffe - Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung des Dehnverfestigungsmoduls von PE-HD-Dichtungsbahnen

Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren für die Messung des Kaltverfestigungsmoduls fest, der als Messwert für den Widerstand von Polyethylen gegen langsame Rissbildung verwendet wird. Der Kaltverfestigungs¬modul wird anhand tatsächlicher Spannungszugverhältniskurven anhand von Proben geosynthetischer Dichtungsbahnen aus PE HD ermittelt.
Diese Norm legt die Durchführung der Messungen und die Bestimmung des Kaltverfestigungsmoduls fest. Die Norm enthält ausführliche Informationen zu Geräten, Genauigkeit und der Probenvorbereitung.
Das Prüfverfahren ist für sämtliche PE HD Arten von GBR P geeignet.

Géosynthétiques - Méthode d'essai pour la détermination du module d'écrouissage des Géomembranes HDPE

La présente norme décrit une méthode d’essai pour la mesure du module d'écrouissage, lequel est utilisé pour mesurer la résistance à la propagation lente des fissures dans le polyéthylène. Le module d'écrouissage est obtenu à partir des courbes de contrainte vraie en fonction du taux d'étirage, sur des échantillons de géomembranes en PEHD.
La présente norme décrit comment est réalisée la mesure et la manière dont est déterminé le module d'écrouissage. Le présent document fournit des détails sur l'équipement nécessaire, la précision et la préparation des éprouvettes.
La méthode est valable pour tous les types de polyéthylène et les géomembranes polymériques GMB-P.

Geosintetika - Preskusna metoda za ugotavljanje utrjevanja modula HDPE geosintetičnih ovir

Ta dokument določa preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje utrjevanja modula, ki se
uporablja kot merilo za odpornost na počasno širjenje razpoke v polietilenu. Ugotavljanje utrjevanja modula se pridobi iz razmerja krivulje dejanske obremenitve in razmerja izvleka na vzorcih geosintetičnih ovir PE-HD. Ta standard določa način izvajanja meritve in določanja utrjevanja modula. Navedeni so podatki o potrebni opremi, natančnosti in pripravi vzorcev.
Ta preskusna metoda je primerna za vse vrste modula PE-HD GBR-P.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Nov-2018
• Withdrawal Date: 30-May-2019
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 189 - Geotextiles and geotextile-related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 189/WG 5 - Durability
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 20-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Mandate: M/107 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on geotextiles
• Ref Project: SIST EN 17096:2019 - Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of the strain hardening modulus of HDPE geosynthetic barriers

Overview

EN 17096:2018 (CEN) specifies a laboratory test method to determine the strain hardening modulus of PE‑HD geosynthetic barriers (HDPE geomembranes). The strain hardening modulus is used as an indicator of polyethylene’s resistance to slow crack growth and is obtained from true stress versus draw ratio curves measured on PE‑HD (GBR‑P) samples. The method defines specimen geometry, equipment, test conditions and data analysis (Neo‑Hookean constitutive model).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Test principle: Measure stress–strain to produce true stress vs draw ratio curves at (80 ± 1) °C; extract the strain hardening modulus from the fitted Neo‑Hookean model between draw ratio λ = 8 and up to the stress maximum (but not above λ = 12).
• Specimen geometry & preparation: Punch five specimens each in machine and cross directions; gauge length l0 = 10.0 ± 0.2 mm; prismatic width and clamping areas specified to avoid slippage; thickness equals sheet thickness (0.5–2.5 mm typical range in the standard).
• Key apparatus:
  • Tensile-testing machine per EN ISO 527‑1, capable of (10 ± 2) mm/min test speed.
  • Load cell class 1 (a 250 N range recommended due to low forces at 80 °C).
  • Non‑contact extensometer meeting EN ISO 9513 accuracy (required because test is at elevated temperature).
  • Temperature chamber to maintain (80 ± 1) °C.
  • Optical measurement for specimen width (EN 1849‑2) due to possible conical profiles from punching.
• Test procedure highlights:
  • Condition specimens ≥ 30 min at 80 °C before testing.
  • Apply 0.5 N preload at 5 mm/min, then extend at 10 mm/min.
  • Record data from λ = 8.0 to 12.0 (or to break). Reject specimens that rupture before λ = 8.5 or that slip in clamps.
• Data analysis & reporting:
  • Compute draw ratio and true stress (volume conservation assumption).
  • Fit Neo‑Hookean model; require R² > 0.9 for the fit.
  • Report individual and mean values, standard deviation, variation coefficient, test temperature, specimen dimensions and any rejected specimens.

Applications and who uses it

• Manufacturers and quality labs: for product development, control and verification of HDPE geomembranes intended as geosynthetic barriers (GBR‑P).
• Material scientists and testing laboratories: to quantify slow‑crack resistance and compare formulations or processing effects.
• Engineers and specifiers: to select materials for landfill liners, ponds, mining liners and other containment systems where long‑term crack resistance is critical.
• Regulators and procurement teams: to reference a standardized measure of mechanical durability in specifications and acceptance testing.

Related standards

• EN ISO 527‑1 (tensile testing principles)
• EN ISO 7500‑1 (load cell calibration)
• EN ISO 9513 (extensometer calibration)
• EN ISO 9863‑1 / EN 1849‑2 (thickness and width measurement of flexible sheets)

Keywords: EN 17096:2018, strain hardening modulus, PE‑HD geosynthetic barriers, HDPE geomembrane testing, slow crack growth, Neo‑Hookean model, geosynthetics test method.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2019
*HRVLQWHWLND3UHVNXVQDPHWRGD]DXJRWDYOMDQMHXWUMHYDQMDPRGXOD+'3(
JHRVLQWHWLþQLKRYLU
Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of the strain hardening modulus of
HDPE geosynthetic barriers
Geokunststoffe - Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung des Kaltverfestigungsmodus von
HDPE-Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen
Géosynthétiques - Méthode d'essai pour la détermination du module d'écrouissage des
Géomembranes HDPE-HD
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17096:2018
ICS:
59.080.70 Geotekstilije Geotextiles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17096
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 59.080.70
English Version
Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of the
strain hardening modulus of PE-HD geosynthetic barriers
Géosynthétiques - Méthode d'essai pour la Geokunststoffe - Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung des
détermination du module d'écrouissage des Dehnverfestigungsmodul von HDPE-
Géomembranes HDPE Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17096:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Principle . 6
5 Apparatus . 6
5.1 Tensile-testing machine . 6
5.2 Devices for measuring the thickness and width of the test specimens . 7
5.3 Punch die tool . 7
5.4 Device for application of the gauge marks . 7
6 Test specimen . 7
6.1 Dimensions and figure of the test specimen . 7
6.2 Test specimen preparation. 8
7 Test procedure . 8
8 Calculation . 9
9 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Neo-Hookean constitutive model . 11
Bibliography . 13

European foreword
This document (EN 17096:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189
“Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the measurement of the strain hardening modulus which is
used as a measure for the resistance to slow crack growth of polyethylene. The strain hardening
modulus is obtained from true stress versus draw ratio curves on PE-HD geosynthetic barrier samples.
This standard specifies how measurement is performed and how the strain hardening modulus is
determined. Details of the required equipment, precision and sample preparations are given.
This test method is suitable for all PE-HD types of GBR-P.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1849-2:2009, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of thickness and mass per unit area -
Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets
EN ISO 9863-1:2016, Geosynthetics - Determination of thickness at specified pressures - Part 1: Single
layers (ISO 9863-1:2016)
EN ISO 527-1, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1)
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part
1: Tension/compression testing machines - Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system (ISO
7500-1)
EN ISO 9513, Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing (ISO 9513)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Note 1 to entry: The symbols, their terms and definitions, as given below, are in line with EN ISO 527-1 and/or
ISO 18488.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
gauge length
l
initial distance between the gauge marks on the central part of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Gauge length is expressed in mm.
3.2
thickness
d
initial dimension of the cross-section perpendicular to the plane in the central part of a test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Thickness is expressed in mm.
3.3
width
b
initial dimension of the cross-section in the central part of a test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Width is expressed in mm.
3.4
test speed
v
rate of separation of the gripping jaws
Note 1 to entry: Test speed is expressed in mm/min.
3.5
length
l
distance between the gauge marks on the central part of the test specimen at any given moment
Note 1 to entry: Length is expressed in mm.
3.6
stress
𝜎𝜎
normal force per unit area of the original cross-section within the gauge length
Note 1 to entry: Stress is expressed in MPa.
3.7
yield stress
𝜎𝜎
y
stress at the strain at yield
Note 1 to entry: Stress at yield is expressed in MPa.
3.8
true stress
𝜎𝜎
T
draw ratio multiplied with the normal force per unit area of the original cross-section within the gauge
length
Note 1 to entry: True stress is expressed in MPa.
3.9
strain
𝜀𝜀
increase in length per unit original length of the gauge
Note 1 to entry: Strain is expressed as a percentage (%).
3.10
strain at yield
𝜀𝜀
y
first occurrence in a tensile test of strain increase without a stress increase
Note 1 to entry: Strain at yield is expressed as a percentage (%).
3.11
draw ratio
λ
actual length per unit original length of the gauge
Note 1 to entry: Draw ratio at yield is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
3.12
strain hardening modulus

p
slope of the Neo-Hookean constitutive model between a draw ratio of 8 and up to the point of maximum
stress but not above 12
Note 1 to entry: Strain hardening modulus is expressed in MPa.
3.13
variation coefficient
C
ν
standard deviation of the test results divided by the arithmetic mean of the test results multiplied by
Note 1 to entry: Variation coefficient is expressed
...