CEN/TC 189/WG 5 - Durability

This document specifies a screening test method for determining the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to hydrolysis by exposing test specimens to water at elevated temperatures, followed by an evaluation of the changes in properties resulting from such exposure. It is intended as a means of establishing a minimum acceptable level of durability.
The tests described in this document do not allow the determination of reduction factors. The tests described in this document are screening tests to show the ability of a product to serve for a certain time. The reference strength and retained strength of products investigated in this document need to be determined in the same way in accordance with EN 12226.
The test is applicable to any geotextile and geotextile-related product susceptible to hydrolysis, in particular polyester and polyamide based materials, and in addition to the yarns from which these geotextiles are made.
This method is not intended for determining the resistance of geotextiles to hydrolysis under highly acid or alkaline conditions.
NOTE   Performance tests to predict long-term lifetime or to compare products of different polymers or of similar polymers with differing structures can be based on the same method but with a wider range of temperatures and durations.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the microbiological resistance of geosynthetics including those of natural fibres and biodegradable polymers by a soil burial test.
NOTE   Experience and exhumation of geosynthetics which had performed successfully, in some cases for more than two decades, indicate that geosynthetics made out of synthetic materials are generally resistant against microbial initiated decay. It can therefore be expected that most of these products commercially available at the present time will pass the soil burial test successfully and it is probably not necessary to submit them all to this test independent of their function. However, if the requirements for appropriate functioning of the geosynthetics demand proof of microbiological resistance or if they are manufactured from newly developed polymers whose resistance is in any doubt, the soil burial test can provide additional information.

This document specifies methods for screening the resistance of geotextile and geotextile-related products to liquids while not subjecting them to external mechanical stress.
It is applicable to all geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Method A applies particularly to polyamides and method B to polyesters and polyamides. The test results are intended to be interpreted in the context of site conditions.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO/TS 13434.
NOTE    This document only considers conditions where the specimens are fully immersed in the liquids. Though outside the scope of this document, the test conditions can be modified to accommodate particular applications, e.g. gaseous media. This document does not preclude use for test specimens that are pre-treated by some method, e.g. by weathering, aqueous extraction conditions or installation damage.

This document specifies a screening test method for determining the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to oxidation. The test is applicable to products as follows:
—          Method A for material consisting solely in polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA), aramide (AR);
—          Method B for material consisting solely in polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL).
The data are suitable for screening purposes but not for deriving performance data such as lifetime, unless supported by further evidence.

This document specifies a test method for the measurement of the strain hardening modulus which is used as a measure for the resistance to slow crack growth of polyethylene. The strain hardening modulus is obtained from true stress versus draw ratio curves on PE-HD geosynthetic barrier samples.
This standard specifies how measurement is performed and how the strain hardening modulus is determined. Details of the required equipment, precision and sample preparations are given.
This test method is suitable for all PE-HD types of GBR-P.

This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the change in specific properties of aged geosynthetics.

This document specifies a test method for screening the resistance of polyethylene and polypropylene polymeric and bituminous geosynthetic barriers to oxidation.
The data are suitable for screening but not for deriving performance data such as lifetimes greater than
25 years, unless supported by further evidence.

This document specifies a test method for screening the resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers to stress cracking. The test is applicable to polypropylene and polyethylene based products and to all other polymeric geosynthetic barriers which have a partially crystalline structure.
NOTE   The described method is suitable for conformance testing of smooth surfaced (non-textured) geosynthetic barriers. However the resistance to stress cracking of the resin used in the manufacture of structured surface materials can be evaluated by carrying out the test on a plaque formed from the relevant resin (see 4.5) or, where structuring is carried out as a separate processing step, on a preformed smooth surface geosynthetic barrier, the test can be performed on the intermediate smooth material.
The data are suitable for screening and determination of conformity but not for deriving performance data such as lifetime, unless supported by further evidence.

This European Standard describes a test method to determine the chemical resistance of geosynthetics to liquid municipal, agricultural and industrial wastes, using a laboratory immersion procedure.
The procedure includes three chemical compounds chosen to initiate known types of chemical degradation, and a synthetic leachate representative of a landfill containing domestic waste.  The procedure can also be applied using a site-specific leachate.  These options are denoted by methods A to E:  
- method A: hydrolysis under acidic conditions;
- method B: hydrolysis under basic conditions;
- method C: solvation/swelling;
- method D: synthetic leachate;
- method E: any site-specific leachate;
The method of evaluation (see clause 9) differs according to whether the material is a geotextile, a polymeric or bituminous geosynthetic barrier, or a geosynthetic clay barrier. In the case of geosynthetic clay barriers only the polymeric component will be tested.

This European Standard describes a method of testing the resistance to leaching of polymeric or bituminous geosynthetic barriers, and the polymeric component of geosynthetic clay barriers, in hot water (method A), aqueous alkaline liquids (method B) and organic alcohols (method C).

This standard specifies methods for the exposure of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to weathering conditions more than those of natural weathering. The light sources used shall be fluorescent UV lamps in accordance with ISO 4892-3. This is an index test to differentiate between products with little or no resistance to weathering and those which do have this resistance.

This document specifies a test method for screening the resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers to stress cracking. The test is applicable to polyethylene based products which meets at least one of the following requirements:
-   there is a pronounced yield point;
-   density of the final product is > 0.939 g/cm3.
NOTE   The described method is suitable for conformance testing of smooth surfaced (non-textured) geosynthetic barriers. However the resistance to stress cracking of the resin used in the manufacture of structured surface materials can be evaluated by carrying out the test where structuring is carried out as a separate processing step, on a preformed smooth surface geosynthetic barrier, the test can be performed on the intermediate smooth material.
The data are suitable for screening and determination of conformity but not for deriving performance data such as lifetime, unless supported by further evidence

This European Standard specifies a screening test method for determining the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to hydrolysis by exposing test specimens to water at elevated temperatures, followed by an evaluation of the changes in properties resulting from such exposure. It is intended as a means of establishing a minimum acceptable level of durability.
The test is applicable to any geotextile and geotextile-related product susceptible to hydrolysis, in particular polyester and polyamide based materials, and in addition to the yarns from which these geotextiles are made. Reinforcing materials shall be tested without the coating and manufacturers shall ensure that the degradation of the coating will not attack or have any negative influence on the degradation of the yarns.
This method is not intended for determining the resistance of geotextiles to hydrolysis under highly acid or alkaline conditions.
NOTE   Performance tests to predict long-term lifetime or to compare products of different polymers or of similar polymers with differing structures can be based on the same method but with a wider range of temperatures and durations.

This standard specifies a method for the determination of the microbiological resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products by a soil burial test. It does not specify for which products or in which applications the soil burial test is required. Further reference should be made to CR ISO 13434.

To complete EN 140330:2001 in order to ensure better reproducibility of the test.

This standard specifies methods for screening the resistance of geotextile products to liquids while not subjecting them to external mechanical stress.
The standard is applicable to all geotextiles and geotextile related products.
Method A applies particularly to polyamides and method B to polyesters and polyamides. The test results should be interpreted in the context of site conditions.
NOTE   This standard only considers conditions where the specimens are fully immersed in the liquids.  Though outside the scope of this standard, the test conditions may be modified to accommodate particular applications, e.g. gaseous media.  This standard does not preclude use for test specimens that are pre-treated by some method, e.g. by weathering, aqueous extraction conditions or installation damage.
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This standard specifies a method for the on-site installation, retrieval and testing of geotextile samples, irrespective of the particular degradation mechanisms to which they are exposed. The method is also appropriate to test for mechanical damage, much of which occurs during installation, and to provide an owner with information about the state of the geotextile or geotextile-related product in his structure.

ISO 13438:2004 specifies a screening test method for determining the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to oxidation. The test is applicable to polypropylene- and polyethylene-based products.
The data are suitable for screening purposes but not for deriving performance data such as lifetime unless supported by further evidence.

This Technical Specification specifies an index test to determine the influence ratio of wetting-drying cycles on flux through saturated clay geosynthetic barriers.
This test is applicable to clay geosynthetic barrier products with a geotextile backing. It is not necessarily applicable to clay geosynthetic barrier products with a geomembrane backing.

This Technical Specification specifies an index test to determine the influence ratio of freezing-thawing cycles on the flux through saturated clay geosynthetic barriers.
This test is applicable to clay geosynthetic barrier products with a geotextile backing. It is not necessarily applicable to clay geosynthetic barrier products with a geomembrane backing.

This CEN Technical Specification covers a laboratory procedure for the testing of the resistance of polymeric, bituminous or clay geosynthetic barriers to root penetration.

This standard specifies test methods for determining the change in specific properties of aged textiles. It is applicable to geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Further reference should be made to CR ISO 12434.

This European prestandard specifies a test method for screening the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to oxidation. The test is applicable to polypropylene and polyethylene based products.  The data are suitable for screening but not for deriving performance data such as lifetime unless supported by further evidence.

This standard specifies methods for screening the resistance of geotextile products to liquids while not subjecting them to external mechanical stress. The standard is applicable to all geotextiles and geotextile related products. Note: This standard only considers conditions where the specimens are fully immersed in the liquids. Though outside the scope of this standard, the test conditions may be modified to accommodate particular applications, eg gaseous media.

To define an index test to establish the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to ageing in a humid environment in order to provide an initial and comparative estimation of their long-term durability, with particular reference to hydrolysis

This European Prestandard specifies methods for the exposure of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to weathering conditions more intense than those of natural weathering. The following types of light sources are included: 1) xenon arc lamps, in accordance with ISO 4892-2; 2) fluorescent UV lamps, in accordance with ISO 4892-3.

This standard specifies test methods for determining the change in specific properties of aged geotextiles. It is applicable to geotextiles and geotextile-related products.

This standard specifies a method for the determination of the microbiological resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products by a soil burial test. It does not specify for which products or in which applications the soil burial test is mandatory.

Guide to the principal aspects of the durability of geotextiles, indicating the environments and materials for which testing is appropriate.