EN 18015:2024

Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group types and select hydrocarbon and oxygenate compounds - Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method

This test method is a standard procedure for the determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics and oxygenates in unleaded petrol using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).
Concentrations of compound classes and certain individual compounds are determined by mass fraction % (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V). The concentration ranges for which the method is applicable are given in Table 1.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
This test method has been tested for unleaded petrol according EN 228 [1]; Although specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline including those that contain oxygenates this test method applies to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates.
The method is found to be applicable to petrol containing other oxygenates than indicated in Table 1, such as isopropanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, n-propanol, acetone, tert-pentanol and di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), however precision has not been determined.
Table 1 —Application ranges
Compound or group   Units   Concentration range
Saturates   % (V/V)   21,48 to 80,87
Olefins   % (V/V)   0,22 to 41,90
Aromatics   % (V/V)   2,35 to 64,55
Benzene   % (V/V)   0,20 to 2,54
Toluene   % (V/V)   0,87 to 30,97
Ethylbenzene   % (V/V)   0,20 to 3,45
Xylenes   % (V/V)   0,49 to 18,59
Methanol   % (V/V)   0,07 to 15,30
Ethanol   % (V/V)   0,08 to 24,96
MTBE   % (V/V)   0,22 to 22,21
ETBE   % (V/V)   0,13 to 23,44
TAME   % (V/V)   0,24 to 21,96
TAEE   % (V/V)   0,24 to 8,60
Total oxygen content   % (m/m)   0,52 to 12,19
Individual hydrocarbon components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra (Annex A) and deconvolution algorithms.
While this test method reports by mass fraction % (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V) for several specific components that can be present in unleaded petrol, it does not attempt to speciate all possible components that can occur in unleaded petrol. In particular, this test method is not intended as a type of detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA).
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Kraftstoffe – Bestimmung von Kohlenwasserstoffgruppentypen und Auswahl von Kohlenwasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverbindungen – Gaschromatographie mit Vakuum-Ultraviolett-Absorptionsspektroskopie (GC‑VUV)

Dieses Prüfverfahren ist ein genormtes Verfahren zur Bestimmung von gesättigten, olefinischen, aromatischen und sauerstoffhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff mittels Gaschromatographie und Vakuum-Ultraviolett-Detektion (GC VUV, en: gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet detection).
Konzentrationen von Verbindungsgruppen und bestimmten Einzelverbindungen werden anhand des Massenanteils in % (m/m) oder des Volumenanteils in % (V/V) bestimmt. Die Konzentrationsbereiche, auf die dieses Verfahren anwendbar ist, sind in Tabelle 1 angegeben.
ANMERKUNG   Für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments werden die Bezeichnungen „% (m/m)“ und „% (V/V)“ für den Massenanteil bzw. den Volumenanteil verwendet.
Dieses Prüfverfahren wurde für unverbleiten Ottokraftstoff nach EN 228 [1] geprüft; und obgleich dieses Prüfverfahren speziell für die Analyse von Ottokraftstoffen einschließlich solcher, die sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen enthalten, entwickelt wurde, ist es auch anwendbar für andere Kohlenwasserstoffläufe mit ähnlichen Siedebereichen, wie z. B. Naphtha und Reformate.
Das Verfahren hat sich als auf andere sauerstoffhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe als die in Tabelle 1 angegebenen, wie z. B. Isopropanol, Isobutanol, tert-Butanol, n-Propanol, Aceton, tert-Pentanol und Diisopropylether (DIPE), anwendbar erwiesen, die Präzision wurde jedoch nicht bestimmt.
Tabelle 1 — Anwendungsbereiche
Verbindung oder Verbindungsgruppe   Einheiten   Konzentrationsbereich
Gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe   % (V/V)   21,48 bis 80,87
Olefine   % (V/V)   0,22 bis 41,90
Aromaten   % (V/V)   2,35 bis 64,55
Benzol   % (V/V)   0,20 bis 2,54
Toluol   % (V/V)   0,87 bis 30,97
Ethylbenzol   % (V/V)   0,20 bis 3,45
Xylole   % (V/V)   0,49 bis 18,59
Methanol   % (V/V)   0,07 bis 15,30
Ethanol   % (V/V)   0,08 bis 24,96
MTBE   % (V/V)   0,22 bis 22,21
ETBE   % (V/V)   0,13 bis 23,44
TAME   % (V/V)   0,24 bis 21,96
TAEE   % (V/V)   0,24 bis 8,60
Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalt   % (m/m)   0,52 bis 12,19
Einzelne Kohlenwasserstoffbestandteile werden bei der Durchführung dieses Prüfverfahrens typischerweise nicht basislinien-getrennt. Die Co-Eluierungen werden am Detektor unter Verwendung von VUV-Absorptionsspektren (Anhang A) und Entfaltungsalgorithmen aufgelöst.
Dieses Prüfverfahren liefert zwar den Massenanteil in % (m/m) oder Volumenanteil in % (V/V) für mehrere spezifische Bestandteile, die in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff vorliegen können, versucht aber nicht, alle möglichen Bestandteile, die in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff vorliegen können, zu spezifizieren. Insbesondere ist dieses Prüfverfahren nicht als detaillierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalyse (DHA, en: detailed hydrocarbon analysis) vorgesehen.
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann gefährliche Stoffe, Arbeiten und Ausrüstung einschließen. Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, alle Sicherheitsprobleme in Zusammenhang mit seiner Anwendung zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, angemessene Sicherheits- und Gesundheitspraktiken einzuführen und die Anwendbarkeit der gesetzlichen Beschränkungen vor der Verwendung festzustellen.

Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de groupes d’hydrocarbures et de sélections d’hydrocarbures et de composés oxygénés - Chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec une détection par spectroscopie d’absorption ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV)

Cette méthode d'essai est une procédure normalisée pour la détermination des saturés, des oléfines, des aromatiques et des composés oxygénés dans l'essence sans plomb par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et détection ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV).
Les concentrations des familles de composés et de certains composés individuels sont déterminées par fraction massique % (m/m) ou fraction volumique % (V/V). Les gammes de concentration pour lesquelles la méthode est applicable sont indiquées dans le Tableau 1.
NOTE   Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes "% (m/m)" et "% (V/V)" sont utilisés pour représenter respectivement la fraction massique et la fraction volumique.
Cette méthode d’essai a été évaluée avec de l’essence sans plomb conforme à l’EN 228 [1] ; bien qu’elle ait été développée spécifiquement pour l’analyse des essences pour carburant automobile dont celles contenant des oxygénés, elle est applicable aux autres bases hydrocarbonées qui présentent des plages de distillation similaires, comme les naphtas et les réformats.
La méthode est applicable à des essences contenant d’autres produits oxygénés tels que ceux indiqués dans le Tableau 1, comme l'isopropanol, l'iso-butanol, le tertio-butanol, le n-propanol, l'acétone, le tertio-pentanol et l'éther di-isopropylique (EDIP), mais la fidélité n'a pas été déterminée.
Tableau 1 — Domaines d’application
Composé ou groupe   Unités   Plage de concentration
Saturés   % (V/V)   de 21,48 à 80,87
Oléfines   % (V/V)   de 0,22 à 41,90
Aromatiques   % (V/V)   de 2,35 à 64,55
Benzène   % (V/V)   de 0,20 à 2,54
Toluène   % (V/V)   de 0,87 à 30,97
Ethylbenzène   % (V/V)   de 0,20 à 3,45
Xylènes   % (V/V)   de 0,49 à 18,59
Méthanol   % (V/V)   de 0,07 à 15,30
Ethanol   % (V/V)   de 0,08 à 24,96
MTBE   % (V/V)   de 0,22 à 22,21
ETBE   % (V/V)   de 0,13 à 23,44
EMAT   % (V/V)   de 0,24 à 21,96
EEAT   % (V/V)   de 0,24 à 8,60
Teneur totale en oxygène   % (m/m)   de 0,52 à 12,19
Les hydrocarbures individuels ne sont généralement pas séparés de la ligne de base avec le mode opératoire décrit dans la présente méthode d'essai. Les coélutions sont résolues au niveau du détecteur à l'aide de spectres d'absorbance VUV (Annexe A) et d'algorithmes de déconvolution.
Même si cette méthode d'essai indique la fraction massique en % (m/m) ou la fraction volumique en % (V/V) de plusieurs composants spécifiques qui peuvent être présents dans l'essence sans plomb, elle n’a pas pour objectif de spécifier tous les composants possibles qui peuvent être présents dans l'essence sans plomb. En particulier, cette méthode d'essai n'est pas conçue comme un type d'analyse détaillée des hydrocarbures (ADH).
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation du présent document peut impliquer des produits, des opérations et des équipements dangereux. Ce document ne prétend pas traiter tous les problèmes de sécurité liés à son utilisation. Il incombe à l'utilisateur du présent document de mettre en place des pratiques appropriées en matière de sécurité et de santé et de déterminer l'applicabilité des limitations réglementaires avant son utilisation.

Goriva za motorna vozila - Določanje tipov ogljikovodikovih skupin in izbira ogljikovodikov in kisikovih spojin - Metoda plinske kromatografije z vakuumsko ultravijolično absorpcijsko spektroskopijo (GC-VUV)

Ta preskusna metoda je standardni postopek za določanje nasičenih maščob, olefinov, aromatov in oksigenatov v neosvinčenem bencinu z uporabo plinske kromatografije z vakuumsko ultravijolično absorpcijsko spektroskopijo (GC-VUV).
Koncentracije razredov spojin in nekaterih posameznih spojin so določene z masnim deležem % (m/m) ali volumskim deležem % (V/V). Območja koncentracije, za katere je bila določena natančnost, so navedena v preglednici 1.
OPOMBA:   V tem dokumentu sta uporabljeni oznaki »% (m/m)« in »% (V/V)«, ki označujeta masni oziroma prostorninski delež.
Metoda se lahko uporablja tudi za druge oksigenate, vključno z izopropanolom, izo-butanolom, terc-butanolom, n-propanolom, acetonom, terc-pentanolom in di-izopropil etrom (DIPE), vendar natančnost ni bila določena.
Posamezne sestavine ogljikovodikov običajno niso ločene glede na bazno linijo s postopkom, opisanim v tej preskusni metodi. Koelucije se ločijo na detektorju z uporabo absorbcijskih spektrov VUV in algoritmov dekonvolucije.
Čeprav se ta preskusna metoda uporablja za določanje masnega deleža % (m/m) oziroma prostorninskega deleža % (V/V) za več določenih sestavin, ki so lahko prisotne v neosvinčenem bencinu, se z njo ne poskuša določiti vseh možnih sestavin, ki se lahko pojavijo v neosvinčenem bencinu. Ta metoda zlasti ni mišljena kot vrsta podrobne analize ogljikovodikov (DHA).
Ta preskusna metoda je bila preverjena za neosvinčeni bencin v skladu s standardom EN 228 [1]; uporablja se lahko za mešanice bencina, vendar ni bila obsežno preskušena za takšno vrsto uporabe.
OPOZORILO: Pri uporabi tega dokumenta so lahko prisotni nevarni materiali, postopki in oprema. Ta dokument ne obravnava vseh varnostnih težav, ki se navezujejo na njegovo uporabo. Za vzpostavitev ustreznih varnostnih in zdravstvenih praks ter za določitev uporabnosti regulativnih omejitev pred uporabo je odgovoren uporabnik tega standarda.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Jul-2024
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 19/WG 9 - Chromatographic test methods
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 24-Jul-2024
• Due Date: 02-Sep-2025
• Completion Date: 24-Jul-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN 18015:2024 - Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group types and select hydrocarbon and oxygenate compounds - Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Goriva za motorna vozila - Določanje tipov ogljikovodikovih skupin in izbira
ogljikovodikov in kisikovih spojin - Metoda plinske kromatografije z vakuumsko
ultravijolično absorpcijsko spektroskopijo (GC-VUV)
Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group types and select hydrocarbon
and oxygenate compounds - Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption
spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung von Kohlenwasserstoffgruppentypen und
Auswahl von Kohlenwasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverbindungen - Gaschromatographie mit
Vakuum-Ultraviolett-Absorptionsspektroskopie (GC-VUV)
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des types de groupes d’hydrocarbures et
sélection des composés d’hydrocarbures et d’oxygénation - Chromatographie gazeuse
avec spectroscopie d’absorption ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV) méthode
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 18015:2024
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 18015
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group
types and select hydrocarbon and oxygenate compounds -
Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption
spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de Kraftstoffe - Bestimmung von
groupes d'hydrocarbures et de sélections Kohlenwasserstoffgruppentypen und Auswahl von
d'hydrocarbures et de composés oxygénés - Kohlenwasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverbindungen -
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec une détection Gaschromatographie mit Vakuum-Ultraviolett-
par spectroscopie d'absorption ultraviolette sous vide Absorptionsspektroskopie (GC-VUV)
(GC-VUV)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 June 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 18015:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Principle . 7
5 Reagents and materials . 8
6 Apparatus . 10
7 Sampling . 11
8 Preparation of apparatus . 11
9 Calibration . 12
10 Pre-measurement validation . 13
11 Procedure . 14
12 Calculation . 16
13 Report . 21
14 Precision . 21
Annex A (normative) Generating absorbance spectra from intensity scan data . 23
A.1 Generating scan intensity data to VUV absorbance spectra . 23
A.2 Modelling absorbance data . 23
Annex B (informative) Relative response factors as function of molecular absorption cross
sections . 25
Bibliography . 27

European foreword
This document (EN 18015:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat
of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is used for the determination of saturated (paraffinic, isoparaffinic and naphthenic),
olefinic, aromatic and oxygenated hydrocarbons in automotive motor gasoline according to European
fuel specifications such as EN 228 [1].
The test method described in this document is based on ASTM D8071 [2] with modifications to the gas
chromatographic oven temperature profile.
1 Scope
This test method is a standard procedure for the determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics and
oxygenates in unleaded petrol using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).
Concentrations of compound classes and certain individual compounds are determined by mass fraction
% (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V). The concentration ranges for which the method is applicable are
given in Table 1.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
This test method has been tested for unleaded petrol according EN 228 [1]; Although specifically
developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline including those that contain oxygenates this test
method applies to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and
reformates.
The method is found to be applicable to petrol containing other oxygenates than indicated in Table 1,
such as isopropanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, n-propanol, acetone, tert-pentanol and di-isopropyl ether
(DIPE), however precision has not been determined.
Table 1 —Application ranges
Compound or group Units Concentration range
Saturates % (V/V) 21,48 to 80,87
Olefins % (V/V) 0,22 to 41,90
Aromatics % (V/V) 2,35 to 64,55
Benzene % (V/V) 0,20 to 2,54
Toluene % (V/V) 0,87 to 30,97
Ethylbenzene % (V/V) 0,20 to 3,45
Xylenes % (V/V) 0,49 to 18,59
Methanol % (V/V) 0,07 to 15,30
Ethanol % (V/V) 0,08 to 24,96
MTBE % (V/V) 0,22 to 22,21
ETBE % (V/V) 0,13 to 23,44
TAME % (V/V) 0,24 to 21,96
TAEE % (V/V) 0,24 to 8,60
Total oxygen content % (m/m) 0,52 to 12,19
Individual hydrocarbon components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in
this test method. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra (Annex A)
and deconvolution algorithms.
While this test method reports by mass fraction % (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V) for several specific
components that can be present in unleaded petrol, it does not attempt to speciate all possible
components that can occur in unleaded petrol. In particular, this test method is not intended as a type of
detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA).
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
response filter
mathematical operation performed on an absorbance spectrum for the purpose of converting the
spectrum to a single-valued response suitable for representation in a two-dimensional chromatogram
plot
3.1.2
library reference spectrum
absorbance spectrum representation of a molecular species stored in a library database and used for
identification of a compound/compound class or deconvolution of multiple coeluting compounds
3.1.3
response area
response summed over a given time interval having units of absorbance units
Note 1 to entry: Time factor necessary to convert a response area to a true mathematical area cancels out of all
critical calculations and is omitted.
3.1.4
relative response factor
RRF
function of the compound’s absorption cross section (expressed in cm per molecule) and methane’s
cross section
Note 1 to entry: The absorption cross section is averaged over the 125 nm to 240 nm wavelength region.
Note 2 to entry: A compound’s relative response factor is a function of the type and number of chemical bonds.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
AU absorbance units
DHA detailed hydrocarbon analysis
GC gas chromatograph
GC-VUV gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy detection
RI retention index
RRF relative response factor
MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
ETBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether
TAME tertiary amyl methyl ether
TAEE tertiary amyl ethyl ether
DIPE diisopropyl ether
TID time interval deconvolution
iC4 isobutane
C4 butane
iC5 isopentane
C5 pentane
C15 pentadecane
VUV vacuum ultraviolet
4 Principle
A sample is introduced to a gas chromatographic (GC) system. After volatilization, the effluent is
introduced onto a GC column for separation, and then detected by a vacuum ultraviolet absorption
spectroscopy detector . The separation is accomplished using a 30 m, nonpolar phase capillary
...