EN 18015:2024
(Main)Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group types and select hydrocarbon and oxygenate compounds - Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method
Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group types and select hydrocarbon and oxygenate compounds - Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method
This test method is a standard procedure for the determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics and oxygenates in unleaded petrol using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).
Concentrations of compound classes and certain individual compounds are determined by mass fraction % (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V). The concentration ranges for which the method is applicable are given in Table 1.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
This test method has been tested for unleaded petrol according EN 228 [1]; Although specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline including those that contain oxygenates this test method applies to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates.
The method is found to be applicable to petrol containing other oxygenates than indicated in Table 1, such as isopropanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, n-propanol, acetone, tert-pentanol and di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), however precision has not been determined.
Table 1 —Application ranges
Compound or group Units Concentration range
Saturates % (V/V) 21,48 to 80,87
Olefins % (V/V) 0,22 to 41,90
Aromatics % (V/V) 2,35 to 64,55
Benzene % (V/V) 0,20 to 2,54
Toluene % (V/V) 0,87 to 30,97
Ethylbenzene % (V/V) 0,20 to 3,45
Xylenes % (V/V) 0,49 to 18,59
Methanol % (V/V) 0,07 to 15,30
Ethanol % (V/V) 0,08 to 24,96
MTBE % (V/V) 0,22 to 22,21
ETBE % (V/V) 0,13 to 23,44
TAME % (V/V) 0,24 to 21,96
TAEE % (V/V) 0,24 to 8,60
Total oxygen content % (m/m) 0,52 to 12,19
Individual hydrocarbon components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra (Annex A) and deconvolution algorithms.
While this test method reports by mass fraction % (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V) for several specific components that can be present in unleaded petrol, it does not attempt to speciate all possible components that can occur in unleaded petrol. In particular, this test method is not intended as a type of detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA).
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Kraftstoffe – Bestimmung von Kohlenwasserstoffgruppentypen und Auswahl von Kohlenwasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverbindungen – Gaschromatographie mit Vakuum-Ultraviolett-Absorptionsspektroskopie (GC‑VUV)
Dieses Prüfverfahren ist ein genormtes Verfahren zur Bestimmung von gesättigten, olefinischen, aromatischen und sauerstoffhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff mittels Gaschromatographie und Vakuum-Ultraviolett-Detektion (GC VUV, en: gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet detection).
Konzentrationen von Verbindungsgruppen und bestimmten Einzelverbindungen werden anhand des Massenanteils in % (m/m) oder des Volumenanteils in % (V/V) bestimmt. Die Konzentrationsbereiche, auf die dieses Verfahren anwendbar ist, sind in Tabelle 1 angegeben.
ANMERKUNG Für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments werden die Bezeichnungen „% (m/m)“ und „% (V/V)“ für den Massenanteil bzw. den Volumenanteil verwendet.
Dieses Prüfverfahren wurde für unverbleiten Ottokraftstoff nach EN 228 [1] geprüft; und obgleich dieses Prüfverfahren speziell für die Analyse von Ottokraftstoffen einschließlich solcher, die sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen enthalten, entwickelt wurde, ist es auch anwendbar für andere Kohlenwasserstoffläufe mit ähnlichen Siedebereichen, wie z. B. Naphtha und Reformate.
Das Verfahren hat sich als auf andere sauerstoffhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe als die in Tabelle 1 angegebenen, wie z. B. Isopropanol, Isobutanol, tert-Butanol, n-Propanol, Aceton, tert-Pentanol und Diisopropylether (DIPE), anwendbar erwiesen, die Präzision wurde jedoch nicht bestimmt.
Tabelle 1 — Anwendungsbereiche
Verbindung oder Verbindungsgruppe Einheiten Konzentrationsbereich
Gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe % (V/V) 21,48 bis 80,87
Olefine % (V/V) 0,22 bis 41,90
Aromaten % (V/V) 2,35 bis 64,55
Benzol % (V/V) 0,20 bis 2,54
Toluol % (V/V) 0,87 bis 30,97
Ethylbenzol % (V/V) 0,20 bis 3,45
Xylole % (V/V) 0,49 bis 18,59
Methanol % (V/V) 0,07 bis 15,30
Ethanol % (V/V) 0,08 bis 24,96
MTBE % (V/V) 0,22 bis 22,21
ETBE % (V/V) 0,13 bis 23,44
TAME % (V/V) 0,24 bis 21,96
TAEE % (V/V) 0,24 bis 8,60
Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalt % (m/m) 0,52 bis 12,19
Einzelne Kohlenwasserstoffbestandteile werden bei der Durchführung dieses Prüfverfahrens typischerweise nicht basislinien-getrennt. Die Co-Eluierungen werden am Detektor unter Verwendung von VUV-Absorptionsspektren (Anhang A) und Entfaltungsalgorithmen aufgelöst.
Dieses Prüfverfahren liefert zwar den Massenanteil in % (m/m) oder Volumenanteil in % (V/V) für mehrere spezifische Bestandteile, die in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff vorliegen können, versucht aber nicht, alle möglichen Bestandteile, die in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff vorliegen können, zu spezifizieren. Insbesondere ist dieses Prüfverfahren nicht als detaillierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalyse (DHA, en: detailed hydrocarbon analysis) vorgesehen.
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann gefährliche Stoffe, Arbeiten und Ausrüstung einschließen. Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, alle Sicherheitsprobleme in Zusammenhang mit seiner Anwendung zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, angemessene Sicherheits- und Gesundheitspraktiken einzuführen und die Anwendbarkeit der gesetzlichen Beschränkungen vor der Verwendung festzustellen.
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de groupes d’hydrocarbures et de sélections d’hydrocarbures et de composés oxygénés - Chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec une détection par spectroscopie d’absorption ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV)
Cette méthode d'essai est une procédure normalisée pour la détermination des saturés, des oléfines, des aromatiques et des composés oxygénés dans l'essence sans plomb par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et détection ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV).
Les concentrations des familles de composés et de certains composés individuels sont déterminées par fraction massique % (m/m) ou fraction volumique % (V/V). Les gammes de concentration pour lesquelles la méthode est applicable sont indiquées dans le Tableau 1.
NOTE Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes "% (m/m)" et "% (V/V)" sont utilisés pour représenter respectivement la fraction massique et la fraction volumique.
Cette méthode d’essai a été évaluée avec de l’essence sans plomb conforme à l’EN 228 [1] ; bien qu’elle ait été développée spécifiquement pour l’analyse des essences pour carburant automobile dont celles contenant des oxygénés, elle est applicable aux autres bases hydrocarbonées qui présentent des plages de distillation similaires, comme les naphtas et les réformats.
La méthode est applicable à des essences contenant d’autres produits oxygénés tels que ceux indiqués dans le Tableau 1, comme l'isopropanol, l'iso-butanol, le tertio-butanol, le n-propanol, l'acétone, le tertio-pentanol et l'éther di-isopropylique (EDIP), mais la fidélité n'a pas été déterminée.
Tableau 1 — Domaines d’application
Composé ou groupe Unités Plage de concentration
Saturés % (V/V) de 21,48 à 80,87
Oléfines % (V/V) de 0,22 à 41,90
Aromatiques % (V/V) de 2,35 à 64,55
Benzène % (V/V) de 0,20 à 2,54
Toluène % (V/V) de 0,87 à 30,97
Ethylbenzène % (V/V) de 0,20 à 3,45
Xylènes % (V/V) de 0,49 à 18,59
Méthanol % (V/V) de 0,07 à 15,30
Ethanol % (V/V) de 0,08 à 24,96
MTBE % (V/V) de 0,22 à 22,21
ETBE % (V/V) de 0,13 à 23,44
EMAT % (V/V) de 0,24 à 21,96
EEAT % (V/V) de 0,24 à 8,60
Teneur totale en oxygène % (m/m) de 0,52 à 12,19
Les hydrocarbures individuels ne sont généralement pas séparés de la ligne de base avec le mode opératoire décrit dans la présente méthode d'essai. Les coélutions sont résolues au niveau du détecteur à l'aide de spectres d'absorbance VUV (Annexe A) et d'algorithmes de déconvolution.
Même si cette méthode d'essai indique la fraction massique en % (m/m) ou la fraction volumique en % (V/V) de plusieurs composants spécifiques qui peuvent être présents dans l'essence sans plomb, elle n’a pas pour objectif de spécifier tous les composants possibles qui peuvent être présents dans l'essence sans plomb. En particulier, cette méthode d'essai n'est pas conçue comme un type d'analyse détaillée des hydrocarbures (ADH).
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation du présent document peut impliquer des produits, des opérations et des équipements dangereux. Ce document ne prétend pas traiter tous les problèmes de sécurité liés à son utilisation. Il incombe à l'utilisateur du présent document de mettre en place des pratiques appropriées en matière de sécurité et de santé et de déterminer l'applicabilité des limitations réglementaires avant son utilisation.
Goriva za motorna vozila - Določanje tipov ogljikovodikovih skupin in izbira ogljikovodikov in kisikovih spojin - Metoda plinske kromatografije z vakuumsko ultravijolično absorpcijsko spektroskopijo (GC-VUV)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
01-oktober-2023
Goriva za motorna vozila - Določanje tipov ogljikovodikovih skupin in izbira
ogljikovodikov in kisikovih spojin - Metoda plinske kromatografije z vakuumsko
ultravijolično absorpcijsko spektroskopijo (GC-VUV)
Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group types and select hydrocarbon
and oxygenate compounds - Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption
spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung von Kohlenwasserstoffgruppentypen und
Auswahl von Kohlenwasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverbindungen - Gaschromatographie mit
Vakuum-Ultraviolett-Absorptionsspektroskopie (GC-VUV)
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des types de groupes d’hydrocarbures et
sélection des composés d’hydrocarbures et d’oxygénation - Chromatographie gazeuse
avec spectroscopie d’absorption ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV) méthode
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 18015
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
oSIST prEN 18015:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 18015
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2023
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Determination of hydrocarbon group
types and select hydrocarbon and oxygenate compounds -
Gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet absorption
spectroscopy (GC-VUV) method
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung von
types de groupes d'hydrocarbures et sélection des Kohlenwasserstoffgruppentypen und Auswahl von
composés d'hydrocarbures et d'oxygénation - Kohlenwasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverbindungen -
Chromatographie gazeuse avec spectroscopie Gaschromatographie mit Vakuum-Ultraviolett-
d'absorption ultraviolette sous vide (GC-VUV) méthode Absorptionsspektroskopie (GC-VUV)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 19.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
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United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 18015:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
prEN 18015:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Principle . 7
5 Reagents and materials . 7
6 Apparatus . 10
7 Sampling . 11
8 Preparation of apparatus . 11
9 Calibration . 11
10 Pre-measurement validation . 13
11 Procedure . 14
12 Calculation . 15
13 Report . 20
14 Precision and bias . 20
Annex A (normative) Generating absorbance spectra from intensity scan data . 22
A.1 Generating scan intensity data to VUV absorbance spectra . 22
A.2 Modelling absorbance data . 22
Bibliography . 23
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
prEN 18015:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 18015:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat
of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
prEN 18015:2023 (E)
Introduction
This document is mainly used for the determination of saturated (paraffinic, isoparaffinic and
naphthenic), olefinic, aromatic and oxygenated hydrocarbons in automotive motor gasoline according to
European fuel specifications such as EN 228 [1].
The test method described in this document is based on ASTM D8071 [2] with modifications to the gas
chromatographic oven temperature profile.
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
prEN 18015:2023 (E)
1 Scope
This test method is a standard procedure for the determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics and
oxygenates in unleaded petrol using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).
Concentrations of compound classes and certain individual compounds are determined by mass fraction
% (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V). The concentration ranges for which precision has been determined
are as given in Table 1.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
The method is found to be applicable to other oxygenates including isopropanol, iso-butanol, tert-
butanol, n-propanol, acetone, tert-pentanol and di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), however precision has not
been determined.
Table 1 — Ranges of method applicability
Property Units Applicable range
Saturates % (V/V) 21,48 to 80,87
Olefins % (V/V) 0,22 to 41,90
Aromatics % (V/V) 2,35 to 64,55
Benzene % (V/V) 0,20 to 2,54
Toluene % (V/V) 0,87 to 30,97
Ethylbenzene % (V/V) 0,20 to 3,45
Xylenes % (V/V) 0,49 to 18,59
Methanol % (V/V) 0,07 to 15,30
Ethanol % (V/V) 0,08 to 24,96
MTBE % (V/V) 0,22 to 22,21
ETBE % (V/V) 0,13 to 23,44
TAME % (V/V) 0,24 to 21,96
TAEE % (V/V) 0,24 to 8,60
Oxygen % (m/m) 0,52 to 12,19
Individual hydrocarbon components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in
this test method. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra (Annex A)
and deconvolution algorithms.
While this test method reports by mass fraction % (m/m) or volume fraction % (V/V) for several specific
components that can be present in unleaded petrol, it does not attempt to speciate all possible
components that can occur in unleaded petrol. In particular, this test method is not intended as a type of
detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA).
This test method has been tested for unleaded petrol according EN 228 [1]; the method can apply to
petrol blending streams but has not been extensively tested for such applications.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
prEN 18015:2023 (E)
responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
integration filter
mathematical operation performed on an absorbance spectrum for the purpose of converting the
spectrum to a single-valued response suitable for representation in a two-dimensional chromatogram
plot
3.1.2
library reference spectrum
absorbance spectrum representation of a molecular species stored in a library database and used for
identification of a compound/compound class or deconvolution of multiple coeluting compounds
3.1.3
response area
response summed over a given time interval having units of absorbance units
Note 1 to entry: Time factor necessary to convert a response area to a true mathematical area cancels out of all
critical calculations and is omitted.
3.1.4
relative response factor
RRF
in vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy, the relative response factor for a given compound is calculated from
the compound’s absorption cross section (expressed in cm per molecule) and methane’s cross section
Note 1 to entry: The absorption cross section is averaged over the 125 nm to 240 nm wavelength region.
Note 2 to entry: A compound’s relative response factor is a function of the type and number of chemical bonds.
Note 3 to entry: A compound’s relative response factor is relative to the response of methane, which is taken to
have a relative response factor of 1.
oSIST prEN 18015:2023
prEN 18015:2023 (E)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
AU absorbance units
DHA detailed hydrocarbon analysis
GC gas chromatograph
GC-VUV gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy detection
RI retention index
RRF relative response factor
MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
ETBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether
TAME tertiary amyl methyl ether
TAEE tertiary amyl ethyl ether
DIPE Diisopropyl ether
4 Principle
A sample is introduced to a gas chromatographic (GC) system. After volatilization, the effluent is
introduced onto a GC column for separation, and then detected by a vacuum ultraviolet absorption
spectroscopy detector . The separation is accomplished using a 30 m, nonpolar phase capillary column
and a moderately fast temperature ramp (typical operating parameters of this test method are given in
Clause 11). Coelutions are resolved by the detector using vacuum ultraviolet absorbance spectra and
deconvolution.
The response areas for each sequential time interval over the entire chromatogram is determined. The
calculation of the results is based on the deconvoluted response areas of the saturates, olefins, aromatics
and oxygenates, in addition to several individual species components. The percent mass concentrations
are calculated from the response areas using class-based or compound-specific relative response factors
(RFFs). The volume percent concentrations are calculated from the mass concentrations by applying
specific component or class and carbon number based density values. The mass and volume percent
calculations are software automated, whereby the RRFs and densities are a function of elution time in a
static database library .
5 Reagents and materials
...
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