EN 16603-50-05:2014

Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation

This Standard defines the radio communication techniques used for the transfer of information between spacecraft and Earth stations in both directions, and for the tracking systems used for orbit determination. It includes the following:
•   frequency allocation, assignment and use;
•   requirements on transmitted signals concerning, for example, spectral occupation, RF power levels, protection of other radio services;
•   definition of the permissible modulation methods and parameters;
•   specification of the major technical requirements relevant for the interface between spacecraft and Earth stations;
•   operational aspects, such as acquisition;
•   cross-support.
This Standard is applicable to all spacecraft supported by Earth stations  and to all controlled Earth stations operating in the Space
Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services as defined in the ITU Radio Regulations.
Other space telecommunication services are not covered in this issue.
All requirements in this Standard are equally applicable to both the customer and the supplier with exception of clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.2
which are applicable to the customer only.
Further provisions and guidance on the application of this Standard can be found, respectively, in ECSS-E-ST-50 "Communications", and in the handbook ECSS-E-HB-50A "Communications guidelines".
ECSS-E-ST-50 defines the principle characteristics of communication protocols and related services for all communication layers relevant for space communication (physical- to application-layer), and their basic relationship to each other. The handbook ECSS-E-HB-50 provides information on specific implementation characteristics of these protocols in order to support the choice of a certain communications profile
for the specific requirements of a space mission. Users of the present standard are invited to consult these documents before taking
decisions on the implementation of the present one.
This Standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Raumfahrttechnik - Funkfrequenzen und -modulation

Ingénierie spatiale - Radio fréquence et modulation

Vesoljska tehnika - Radijske frekvence in modulacija

Standard EN 16603-50-05 določa tehnike radijske komunikacije, ki se uporabljajo za prenos informacij med vesoljskimi plovili in zemeljskimi postajami v obeh smereh ter za sisteme za sledenje, ki se uporabljajo za določanje orbite. Zajema naslednje: - dodelitev frekvenc in uporabo; - zahteve za prenesene signale glede, npr. spektralne zasedenosti, stopnje radiofrekvenčne moči, zaščite drugih radijskih storitev; - opredelitev dovoljenih metod modulacije in parametrov; - specifikacijo večjih tehničnih zahtev, pomembnih za povezavo med vesoljskim plovilom in zemeljskimi postajami; - operativne vidike, kot je pridobivanje; - navzkrižno podporo. Ta standard se uporablja za vsa vesoljska plovila, ki jih podpirajo zemeljske postaje1 in vse nadzorovane zemeljske postaje, ki delujejo v okviru storitev za vesoljsko obratovanje, vesoljske raziskave in satelitskega raziskovanja Zemlje, kot je opredeljeno v pravilniku o radiokomunikacijah Mednarodne telekomunikacijske zveze.2 Druge vesoljske telekomunikacijske storitve niso zajete v tej izdaji. Vse zahteve v tem standardu veljajo tako za kupca kot dobavitelja z izjemo točk 4.3.1 in 4.3.2, ki veljata samo za stranko. Nadaljnje določbe in smernice o uporabi tega standarda je mogoče najti v dokumentu ECSS-E-ST-50 »Komunikacije« in v priročniku ECSS-E-HB-50A »Komunikacijske smernice«. ECSS-E-ST-50 določa glavne značilnosti komunikacijskih protokolov in z njimi povezanih storitev za vse ravni komunikacije, pomembne za vesoljsko komunikacijo (od fizične do aplikacijske ravni), in njihove osnovne medsebojne povezave. Priročnik ECSS-E-HB-50 zagotavlja informacije o posebnih značilnostih vpeljave teh protokolov za podporo pri izbiri določenega komunikacijskega profila za posebne zahteve vesoljske misije. Uporabniki obstoječega standarda so vabljeni k ogledu teh dokumentov, preden sprejmejo odločitve o izvajanju trenutnega standarda. Ta standard se lahko prilagodi posameznim lastnostim in omejitvam vesoljskega projekta v skladu s standardom ECSS-S-ST-00.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2014
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Mar-2015
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5 - Space
• Drafting Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5 - Space
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 03-Mar-2020
• Completion Date: 03-Mar-2020
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014 - Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation

Relations

• Corrected By: EN 16603-50-05:2014/AC:2017 - Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2017

Overview

EN 16603-50-05:2014 - Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation - is a European (EN) standard for radio communication between spacecraft and Earth stations. It defines the radio-frequency (RF) and modulation techniques used for telemetry, telecommand, tracking (orbit determination) and related space operation services. The standard ensures interoperability, regulatory compliance and consistent RF-interface definitions across spacecraft missions that operate in the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration‑Satellite services (per ITU Radio Regulations).

Key topics and technical requirements

The standard covers technical and operational requirements including:

• Frequency allocation, assignment and use

  • Frequency bands allocated to the space services and band‑specific usage conditions.
  • Procedures for frequency choice, advance publication, coordination and notification.

• Transmitted signals and spectral management

  • Requirements for occupied bandwidth, spurious emissions, power flux density and protection of other radio services (including radio astronomy and deep‑space sites).
  • Limits and operational constraints (time, power, cessation of emissions).

• Permissible modulation methods and parameters

  • Modulation families: phase modulation with residual carriers, suppressed‑carrier schemes, GMSK and 8PSK TCM formats.
  • Parameters: symbol rates, modulation index, carrier stability, phase noise, discrete spectral-line control and spectral roll‑off.

• RF interface and link control

  • Spacecraft–Earth station Interface Control Documents (ICD/DRD), link budget tables and parameter distributions.
  • Spacecraft–ground network compatibility tests and RF interface change control.

• Operational aspects

  • Link acquisition procedures (space→Earth and Earth→space), coherent transponder turnaround ratios, polarization guidance and cross‑support considerations.

• Applicability and tailoring

  • Applies to both customers and suppliers (with specific clauses applicable to customer only). May be tailored per ECSS‑S‑ST‑00.

Practical applications and users

Who uses this standard:

• Satellite system engineers and RF subsystem designers (transponders, modulators, receivers)
• Mission planners and link‑budget analysts
• Ground station architects and network operators
• Frequency coordinators and regulatory compliance teams
• Space agencies coordinating multi‑agency cross‑support and interface documents

Typical uses:

• Selecting mission frequencies, modulation schemes and RF limits
• Preparing ICDs and link budgets for satellite missions
• Ensuring compatibility with ITU and national frequency rules
• Defining acquisition and tracking procedures for operational missions

Related standards and guidance

• ECSS‑E‑ST‑50 "Communications" - principle characteristics across OSI layers for space communications.
• ECSS‑E‑HB‑50A "Communications guidelines" - implementation guidance supporting profile choice.
• ITU Radio Regulations - regulatory framework for frequency notification and coordination.
• Tailoring rules per ECSS‑S‑ST‑00.

EN 16603-50-05:2014 is essential reading for anyone designing or operating spacecraft RF links and Earth‑station interfaces who must balance interoperability, spectral efficiency and regulatory protection.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Vesoljska tehnika - Radijske frekvence in modulacijaRaumfahrttechnik - Funkfrequenzen und -modulationIngénierie spatiale - Radio fréquence et modulationSpace engineering - Radio frequency and modulation49.140Vesoljski sistemi in operacijeSpace systems and operations33.060.01Radijske komunikacije na splošnoRadiocommunications in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16603-50-05:2014SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014en,fr,de01-november-2014SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16603-50-05
September 2014 ICS 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation
Ingénierie spatiale - Radio fréquence et modulation
Raumfahrttechnik - Funkfrequenzen und -modulation This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2014.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-50-05:2014 E SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

2 Table of contents Foreword . 6 Introduction . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 10 3.1 Terms from other standards . 10 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 10 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 12 4 Frequency allocations, assignment and use . 15 4.1 Frequency allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services . 15 4.1.1 Overview . 15 4.1.2 Frequency bands allocated to the Space Radiocommunications services . 15 4.2 Specific conditions for the use of certain frequency bands . 17 4.2.1 2 025 MHz – 2 120 MHz and 2 200 MHz – 2 300 MHz bands . 17 4.2.2 8 025 MHz – 8 400 MHz band . 18 4.2.3 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz band . 19 4.2.4 8 450 MHz – 8 500 MHz band . 19 4.2.5 25,5 GHz – 27,0 GHz, 37,0 GHz – 38 GHz and 40,0 GHz – 40,5 GHz bands . 19 4.3 Frequency assignment procedure . 20 4.3.1 Choice of frequencies . 20 4.3.2 Advance publication, coordination and notification of frequencies . 21 5 Transmitted signals . 22 5.1 Turnaround frequency ratio for coherent transponders . 22 5.1.1 Generation of the transmitted carrier . 22 5.1.2 Band pairs . 22 5.2 Carrier frequency stability . 24 5.2.1 Spacecraft transmitter . 24 SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

.............................................................................. 44 6.2.1 Application and modulation schemes ........................................................ 44 6.2.2 Modulating waveforms .............................................................................. 45 6.2.3 Carrier modulation..................................................................................... 45 6.2.4 Data transition density ............................................................................... 51 6.2.5 Symbol rate stability .................................................................................. 51 6.2.6 Carrier phase noise ................................................................................... 51 6.2.7 Carrier suppression, out-of-band emission and discrete spectral lines ...... 51 6.3 Spectral roll-off ....................................................................................................... 52 7 Link acquisition procedures ................................................................................ 53 7.1 Space-Earth............................................................................................................ 53 7.1.1 Normal operation ...................................................................................... 53 SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

4 7.1.2 Alternative mode of operation . 53 7.1.3 Coherent mode . 53 7.2 Earth-space . 54 7.2.1 2 025 MHz - 2 110 MHz category A . 54 7.2.2 2 110 MHz - 2 120 MHz category B . 55 7.2.3 7 145 MHz - 7 190 MHz category B . 55 7.2.4 7 190 MHz – 7 235 MHz category A . 55 8 RF interface control . 57 8.1 RF interface control documents . 57 8.2 Spacecraft-Earth station interface control document . 57 8.2.1 Overview . 57 8.2.2 Process . 57 8.3 Link budget tables. 58 8.3.1 General . 58 8.3.2 Parameters . 58 8.4 Spacecraft-ground network compatibility test . 61 9 GMSK and 8PSK TCM modulation formats . 63 9.1 GMSK modulation format . 63 9.2 8PSK TCM modulation format . 64 9.2.1 General principles . 64 9.2.2 4 dimensional 8PSK-TCM encoder . 64 9.2.3 Differential encoders for SEF = 2 and 2,5. 65 9.2.4 Trellis encoder structure . 66 9.2.5 Constellation mapper for 4 dimensional 8PSK-TCM . 66 9.2.6 Channel filtering . 68 Annex A (normative) Spacecraft-Earth station interface control document - DRD . 71 Annex B (informative) Cross-support from other networks . 72 Annex C (informative) Protection of Ariane-5 RF system . 73 Annex D (informative) Differences from CCSDS recommendations . 76 Annex E (informative) Tailoring guidelines . 78 Bibliography . 79
Tables Table 4-1: Frequency allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services . 16 Table 5-1: Turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation . 23 Table 5-2 Alternative turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation . 24 Table 5-3: Frequency stability for spacecraft transmitters . 24 Table 5-4: Frequency stability for spacecraft receivers . 25 Table 5-5: Occupied bandwidth . 27 Table 5-6: Maximum level of spurious emissions . 28 Table 5-7: Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy spectral line (i.e. narrow bandwidth) observations at the surface of the Earth due to terrestrial interference sources (Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2) . 30 Table 5-8: Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy continuum (i.e. wide bandwidth) observations at the surface of the Earth due to terrestrial interference sources (Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2) . 31 Table 5-9: Harmful interference levels at deep space antenna sites . 32 Table 5-10: Power flux density limits at the Earth’s surface . 33 Table 6-1: PCM waveforms and rates for residual carrier modulation . 37 Table 6-2: Subcarriers used with phase-modulated carriers . 39 Table 6-3: Limits of the peak modulation index . 42 Table 6-4: PCM waveforms . 45 Table 8-1: Probability density functions for link budgets . 60 SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

6 Foreword This document (EN 16603-50-05:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-50-05:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-50-05C Rev. 2. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
8 1 Scope This Standard defines the radio communication techniques used for the transfer of information between spacecraft and Earth stations in both directions, and for the tracking systems used for orbit determination. It includes the following: • frequency allocation, assignment and use; • requirements on transmitted signals concerning, for example, spectral occupation, RF power levels, protection of other radio services; • definition of the permissible modulation methods and parameters; • specification of the major technical requirements relevant for the interface between spacecraft and Earth stations; • operational aspects, such as acquisition; • cross-support. This Standard is applicable to all spacecraft supported by Earth stations1 and to all controlled Earth stations operating in the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services as defined in the ITU Radio Regulations.2 Other space telecommunication services are not covered in this issue. All requirements in this Standard are equally applicable to both the customer and the supplier with exception of clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 which are applicable to the customer only. Further provisions and guidance on the application of this Standard can be found, respectively, in ECSS-E-ST-50 "Communications", and in the handbook ECSS-E-HB-50A "Communications guidelines". ECSS-E-ST-50 defines the principle characteristics of communication protocols and related services for all communication layers relevant for space communication (physical- to application-layer), and their basic relationship to each other. The handbook ECSS-E-HB-50 provides information on specific implementation characteristics of these protocols in order to support the choice of a certain communications profile for the specific requirements of a space mission. Users of the present standard are invited to consult these documents before taking decisions on the implementation of the present one. This Standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
This Standard is not applicable to spacecraft supported by data relay satellites. 2
Under the term Earth Exploration-Satellite service, the Meteorological Satellite service is also included. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system – Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-03 ECSS-E-ST-10-03 Space engineering – Testing EN 16603-50 ECSS-E-ST-50
Space engineering – Communications EN 16603-50-01 ECSS-E-ST-50-01 Space engineering – Space data links - Telemetry synchronization and channel coding
ITU/RR:2004 3,4
ITU Radio Regulations
3 In this Standard the relevant articles are specified after the reference name. For example, ITU/RR/1.23 refers to Article 1.23. 4
For possible changes to the ITU/RR, contact the responsible frequency coordinator. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

10 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and ECSS-E-ST-50 apply. 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 category A category of spacecraft having an altitude above the Earth’s surface of less than 2 × 106 km 3.2.2 category B category of spacecraft having an altitude above the Earth’s surface of equal to, or greater than 2 × 106 km 3.2.3 deep space space at distances from the Earth of equal to, or greater than 2 × 106 km
[ITU/RR/1.177] 3.2.4 Earth Exploration-Satellite service a radio communication service between Earth stations and one or more space stations, which may include links between space stations, in which: • information relating to the characteristics of the Earth and its natural phenomena, including data relating to the state of the environment, is obtained from active sensors or passive sensors on Earth orbiting satellites; • similar information is collected from airborne or ground-based platforms; • such information may be distributed to Earth stations within the system concerned; • platform interrogations may be included. This service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation. [ITU/RR/1.51] SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

3.2.6 Meteorological-Satellite service an Earth Exploration-Satellite service for meteorological purposes [ITU/RR/1.52] 3.2.7 necessary bandwidth for a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at a rate and with the quality required under the specified conditions [ITU/RR/1.152] NOTE
This is taken to be equal to the occupied bandwidth. 3.2.8 occupied bandwidth the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission [ITU/RR/1.153] 3.2.9 out-of-band emission emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth, which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions [ITU/RR/1.144] 3.2.10 proximate orbits two circular orbits whose difference in altitude is smaller than 500m and whose difference in orbital plane angle is smaller than 1,5. 3.2.11 Space Operation service (SO) a radio communication service concerned exclusively with the operation of spacecraft, in particular space tracking, space telemetry and space telecommand (TTC) NOTE
These functions are normally provided as part of the service in which the spacecraft is operating. [ITU/RR/1.23] 3.2.12 Space Research service (SR) a radio communication service in which spacecraft and other objects in space are used for scientific and technological research [ITU/RR/1.55] SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

12 3.2.13 spurious emission emissions on a frequency, or frequencies, which are outside ±2,5 times the occupied bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information NOTE
Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions. [ITU/RR/1.145] 3.2.14 symbol rate reciprocal of the symbol duration NOTE
See Figure 6-1. 3.2.15 unwanted emissions consists of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions [ITU/RR/1.146] 3.3 Abbreviated terms For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-ST-00-01 and the following apply: Abbreviation Meaning @ at 2BL double sideband noise bandwidth 8PSK phase shift keying of 8 states BPSK binary phase shift keying (see PSK) BTs product of bandwidth and symbol duration CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems CLCW command link control word dB decibel dBi dB with respect to isotropic emission dBc dB with respect to the unmodulated carrier dBW dB with respect to power DRS data relay satellite DS deep space DSN Deep Space Network of NASA EES Earth Exploration-Satellite service EHF extremely high frequency, frequency from 30 GHz to 300 GHz EIRP equivalent isotropically radiated power SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

Q-DNRZ quaternary differential NRZ QPSK quadrature phase shift keying RF radio frequency RFI radio frequency interference RHC right hand circular r.m.s. root-mean-square RS symbol rate Rchs channel symbol rate RES equivalent symbol rate RSS root-sum-square SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

14 Rx receiver S/C spacecraft SEF spectral efficiency factor SFCG Space Frequency Co-ordination Group SHF super high frequency, frequency
from 3 GHz to 30 GHz SP-L split phase-level sps symbol per second SO Space Operation service SR Space Research service SRRC square-root raised-cosine TCM trellis-coded modulation TTC telemetry, tracking and telecommand Tx transmitter UHF ultra high frequency, frequency from 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz UQPSK unbalanced quadrature phase shift keying SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

Any frequency assignment made to a particular user (spacecraft) is, as a consequence, in conformance with the ITU/RR. 4.1.2 Frequency bands allocated to the Space Radiocommunications services 4.1.2.1 Overview Table 4-1 lists the recommended frequency bands among the available ITU bands, along with their allocated radio communication service, direction and status. For the applicability of this Standard to the frequency bands allocated to the Meteorological-Satellite service not listed in Table 4-1, interested users can contact the responsible frequency coordinator.
Under the term Earth Exploration-Satellite service, the Meteorological Satellite service is also included. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

16 Table 4-1: Frequency allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services Frequency band (MHz) (see 4.1.2.2) Allocated service (see 4.1.2.3) Direction
(see 4.1.2.4) Allocation status
(see 4.1.2.5) 2 025 – 2 110 2 110 – 2 120
2 200 – 2 290 2 290 – 2 300 SR, SO, EES SR (DS)
SR, SO, EES SR (DS) Earth–space Earth–space
Space–Earth Space–Earth Primary Primary
Primary Primary 7 145 – 7 190
7 190 – 7 235
8 025 – 8 400 8 400 – 8 450 8 450 – 8 500 SR (DS) SR
EES SR (DS) SR Earth–space Earth–space
Space–Earth Space–Earth Space–Earth Primary Primary
Primary Primary Primary 25 500 – 27 000
31 800 – 32 300
34 200 – 34 700
SR, EES SR (DS) SR (DS)
Space–Earth Space–Earth Earth–space
Primary Primary Primary
37 000 – 38 000
40 000 – 40 500
SR SR Space–Earth Earth–space Primary Primary NOTE: To use the frequency bands given in this table, the interested users can contact the network operation manager in charge of the ground network for availability of the service at the stations of interest.
4.1.2.2 Special conditions governing the use of particular frequency bands 4.1.2.2.1 Overview The use of certain frequency bands is governed by specific conditions that are laid down in the ITU-RR and in the Recommendations of the SFCG and CCSDS RF and Modulation Working Group (see Bibliography).
4.1.2.2.2 Evolution of the conditions a. The frequency coordinator shall inform applicants for frequency assignments about any evolution of the conditions stated in 4.1.2.2 that have occurred since the issue of this Standard. NOTE
See also clause 4.3. 4.1.2.3 Use of frequency bands allocated to the Space Research (deep space) service a. The frequency bands allocated to the Space Research (deep space) service shall only be used by category B spacecraft. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

4.1.2.5 Allocation status 4.1.2.5.1 Primary allocation a. A service with a primary allocation status shall only share and coordinate with other co-primary services which can be allocated in the same band.
b. A service with a primary allocation status has priority over other allocations, such as secondary and therefore it need not protect them or accept interference caused by them, or coordinate with them. 4.1.2.5.2 Secondary allocation a. A service with a secondary allocation status shall not cause harmful interference to any station of a primary service allocated in the same band. b. A service with a secondary allocation status shall not claim protection from interference caused by stations of a primary service allocated in the same frequency band. 4.2 Specific conditions for the use of certain frequency bands6 4.2.1 2 025 MHz – 2 120 MHz and 2 200 MHz – 2 300 MHz bands 4.2.1.1 2 025 MHz – 2 120 MHz band 4.2.1.1.1 2 025 MHz - 2 110 MHz band a. The EIRP transmitted from the Earth station shall be selected to allow for a margin of 3 dB on the link budget, in order to minimize interference to the Earth-space links of other spacecraft or to the space-space links from data relay satellites to user satellites, which are particularly susceptible to RFI. b. The use of an EIRP value higher than the one specified in 4.2.1.1.1a shall be analysed and justified. c. Earth station transmitters shall provide the functionality for adjustable RF output power in steps of 3 dB or less.
d. Operators shall not activate the Earth-space links during periods when no tracking and telecommand operations are performed in order to alleviate the frequency sharing situation.
These conditions are derived from recommendations of the SFCG (see Bibliography). SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

18 NOTE
Excessive Earth station EIRP not only complicates frequency co-ordination with other users, but can also prevent operations totally at some sites. As a means of RFI mitigation, if requested by priority users, ITU/RR specifies the interruption of Earth-space transmissions during the periods when they cause RFI.
4.2.1.1.2 2 110 MHz – 2 120 MHz band a. New assignments in the 2 110 MHz - 2 120 MHz band shall only be requested after agreement with the frequency coordinator. NOTE
The 2 110 MHz - 2 120 MHz band is part of the IMT-2000 or UMTS core band for third generation mobile telecommunication systems. Given the importance of this band for mobile telecommunications, administrations have imposed extremely severe limitations on the use of this band for Earth-space transmissions of the Space Research (deep space) service. Therefore, new assignments in this band are formally discouraged. 4.2.1.2 2 200 MHz – 2 300 MHz band 4.2.1.2.1 2 200 MHz - 2 290 MHz a. The maximum occupied bandwidth for spacecraft in this band shall not exceed 6 MHz.
b. Operators shall not activate the space-to-Earth links during periods when no operational ground station is in visibility of the satellite, in order to alleviate the frequency sharing situation. c. The devices on spacecraft used to switch-off emissions shall have a reliability which is commensurate with the mission lifetime.
NOTE
The 2 200 MHz – 2 290 MHz band is one of the most densely occupied bands allocated to the space science services with an average occupation density in excess of 25 MHz assigned per each 1 MHz allocated.
4.2.1.2.2 2 290 MHz - 2 300 MHz There are no special requirements for this band. However, due to the constraints of the paired 2 110-2 120 MHz band given in 4.2.1.1.2 the usefulness of this band can be limited.
4.2.2 8 025 MHz – 8 400 MHz band a. The same RFI mitigation methods specified in 4.2.1.2.1 for the 2 200 MHz – 2 290 MHz band shall be applied to the 8 025 MHz – 8 400 MHz band. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

The 8 025 MHz – 8 400 MHz band is the only direct data transmission band allocated to the Earth Exploration Satellite service below 20 GHz. Its occupation density is similar to that of the 2 200 MHz – 2 290 MHz band; additionally the interference situation is aggravated by the fact that most of the Earth Exploration-Satellites use very similar (polar) orbits. 4.2.3 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz band a. The maximum allowable bandwidth for spacecraft in this band, as a function of the symbol rate, shall not exceed the masks in Figure 4-1, where RES shall be as follows: 1. For SP-L modulation, two times the NRZ symbol rate RS, reciprocal of the symbol duration
defined in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2 (RES = 2 x RS). 2. For all other cases, equal to RS, reciprocal of the symbol duration
defined in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2. 4.2.4 8 450 MHz – 8 500 MHz band a. The maximum occupied bandwidth for spacecraft in the 8 450 MHz – 8 500 MHz band shall not exceed 10 MHz.
NOTE
In the use of this band, priority is given to Lagrangian point missions. 4.2.5 25,5 GHz – 27,0 GHz, 37,0 GHz – 38 GHz and 40,0 GHz – 40,5 GHz bands a. The bands 25,5 GHz – 27,0 GHz, 37,0 GHz – 38 GHz and 40,0 GHz – 40,5 GHz bands shall be used as agreed with the frequency coordinator.
(6.2, 8.0)(0.36, 4.0)(9.8, 12.0)(0.7, 8.0)024681012140.101.0010.00100.00Equivalent symbol rate (RES), MspsMaximum allowable bandwidth (B25), MHzThe maximum allowable bandwidth is the bandwidth outside which the power spectral density (PSD) is at least 25 dB below the peak PSD. Discrete spectral components such as a residual carrier and spikes are not considered as spectral peaks. In the transition regions, B25 in MHz=k*REs/(0.41+REs) where k=8.53 and 12.5 for Mars-missions and non-Mars missions, respectivelyNon-Mars missions, non-interference basis to Mars missionsMars missions Figure 4-1: Maximum allowable bandwidth in the band 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz 4.3 Frequency assignment procedure 4.3.1 Choice of frequencies a. The assignment of individual frequencies in the selected band or bands shall conform to the frequency management procedure established by the frequency coordinator. b. Prior to the design phase of any spacecraft project, the project shall request the frequency assignments for the spacecraft.
c. For the purpose of requirement 4.3.1.b the project shall supply to the frequency coordinator the information that conforms to his specifications. d. The information that is supplied in 4.3.1.c shall be identified if it is in a preliminary state and is to be confirmed (and finalized) at a later date. e. The entire procedure of selection of frequencies shall be carried out under the management of the frequency coordinator. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

The frequency coordinator has the exclusive authority for assigning frequencies. f. All requests for frequency assignments or inquiries regarding frequency management matters shall be addressed to the frequency coordinator. 4.3.2 Advance publication, coordination and notification of frequencies a. The project manager shall provide, to the frequency coordinator, the data regarding the frequencies used by the spacecraft to enable the advance publication, coordination and notification procedures of ITU/RR/9 and ITU/RR/11 no later than three years before the planned launch date. b. The format established by the frequency coordinator shall be used for the purpose of 4.3.2.a. c. At this stage, the data supplied as per 4.3.1 shall be the final data. d. The procedures of ITU/RR/9 and ITU/RR/11 shall be carried out by the frequency coordinator for the satellites and Earth stations, in conformance with frequency management procedures. SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

22 5 Transmitted signals 5.1 Turnaround frequency ratio for coherent transponders7 5.1.1 Generation of the transmitted carrier Transponders, flown on the spacecraft for the purpose of coherent Doppler tracking, can generate the transmitted carrier from the received carrier by means of phase-lock techniques. 5.1.2 Band pairs a. Band pairs should be selected from Table 5-1 together with the applicable turn-around ratio. b. If the turnaround ratios in Table 5-1 are not used, the ratios in Table 5-2 shall be used.
These specifications are derived from CCSDS 401.0-B-20 (see Bibliography). SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

Earth-space (MHz) Space-Earth (MHz) Turnaround ratio (fup/fdown) Cat. A 2 025,833 333 – 2 108,708 333 2 200 – 2 290 221/240
2 025 - 2110
25 500 – 27 000
221/2772 221/2850
7 192,102 273 – 7 234,659 091
7 190 – 7 235
8 450 – 8 500
25 500 – 27 000
749/880
749/2652 749/2662 749/2678 749/2688 749/2704 749/2720 749/2736 749/2754 749/2772 749/2784 749/2800
Cat. B 2 110,243 056 – 2 117,746 142 a 2 291,666 667 – 2 299,814 815 221/240 2 110,243 056 – 2 119,792 438 a 8 402,777 780 – 8 440,802 468 221/880 7 147,286 265 – 7 177,338 735 2 290,185 185 – 2 299,814 815 749/240 7 149,597 994 – 7 188,897 377 8 400,061 729 – 8 446,234 569 749/880 7 147,286 265 – 7 188,897 377 7 157.689 045 – 7 188,897 377 7 147. 286 265
– 7 188,897 377 31 909,913 580 – 32 095,691 358 31 803,456 798 – 31 942,123 460 32 062,592592 – 32 249,259 262 749/3344
749/3328 749/3360 34 354,343 368 – 34 554,287 799 34 343,235 339 – 34 570,949 834 34 393,221 460 – 34
570,949 834 34 343,235 339 – 34
570,949 834 8 400,061 729 – 8 448,950 615 31 909,913 580 – 32 121,493 816 31 803,456 798 – 31 967,802 458 32 062,592 592 – 32 275,185 174 3599/880
3599/3344 3599/3328 3599/3360 a See clause 4.2.1.1.
24 Table 5-2 Alternative turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation
Earth–space (MHz) Space–Earth (MHz) Turnaround ratio (fup/fdown) Cat. A 2 074,944 444 – 2 087,222 222 8 450 – 8 500 221/900 7 190 – 7 235 2 255,686 275 – 2 269,803 922 765/240 Cat. B 2 110,243 056 – 2 119,792 438 a 31 930,555 556 – 32 075,049 383 221/3 344 b 34 343,235 339 – 34 487,639 661 2 290,185 185 – 2 299,814 815 3599/240 b a See clause 4.2.1.1. b Additional turnaround ratios have been developed by CCSDS for a full use of the allocated bandwidths at 32 GHz and 34 GHz.
5.2 Carrier frequency stability8 5.2.1 Spacecraft transmitter a. The frequency stability of the transmitted RF carriers shall be within the limits specified in Table 5-3. Table 5-3: Frequency stability for spacecraft transmitters Frequency band (MHz) Maximum frequency instability 2 200 – 2 290 8 450 – 8 500 ±2 × 10-5 under all conditions and for the lifetime of the spacecraft. 8 025 – 8 400 25 500 – 27 000 ±2 × 10-5 under all conditions and for the lifetime of the spacecraft. 2 290 – 2 300 8 400 – 8 450 ±2 × 10-5 under all conditions and for the lifetime of the spacecraft. 31 800 – 32 300 ±1,5 × 10-6 at any one temperature of transmitter in the range +10 C to +40 C in any 15 h following 4 h of warm-up. ±0,2 × 10-6/C within the transmitter temperature range +10 C to +40 C. Aging ±2,5 × 10-6 per year.
b. In addition to clause 5.2.1.a for Category B missions the short term frequency stability shall be such that the resulting phase error when tracking the carrier with a second-order PLL with loop bandwidth 2BL as
8 These specifications are derived from CCSDS 401.0-B-20 (see Bibliography). SIST EN 16603-50-05:2014

For phase lock loop receivers the frequency referred to is the best lock frequency. Table 5-4: Frequency stability for spacecraft receivers Frequency band (MHz) Maximum frequency instability 2 025 – 2 110 7 190 – 7 235 ±2 × 10-5 under all conditions inclu
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