EN 474-3:2006

Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders

This part of EN 474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to loaders as defined in EN ISO 6165:2002, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This part also deals with fork application, single heavy object handling application, object handling application and log handling.
The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in part 1.
This part does not repeat the requirements from part 1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for loaders.
This part specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of loaders.
This European Standard is not applicable to loaders manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.

Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 3: Anforderungen für Lader

Dieser Teil der EN 474 behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die auf Lader, wie in EN ISO 6165:2006 definiert, zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungs¬gemäß verwendet werden. Die nach vernünftigem Ermessen für den Hersteller vorhersehbare Nutzung der Maschine außerhalb der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung ist ebenfalls berücksichtigt (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Dieser Teil behandelt auch den Einsatz mit Gabelzinken, den Einsatz mit schweren Einzellasten, den Hebezeugbetrieb und den Einsatz mit Baumklammer.
Die Anforderungen gelten ergänzend zu den allgemeinen Anforderungen der EN 474-1:2006.
Dieser Teil wiederholt nicht die Anforderungen der EN 474-1:2006, aber ergänzt oder ersetzt relevante Anforderungen für Lader.
Dieser Teil beschreibt die geeigneten technischen Maßnahmen, die erforderlich sind, die Risiken, die aufgrund signifikanter Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die während der Inbetriebnahme, des Betriebes, der Instandhaltung von Ladern eintreten können, zu mindern oder zu beseitigen.
Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht auf Lader anzuwenden, die vor der Veröffentlichung dieser Europäischen Norm durch CEN hergestellt wurden.

Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 3: Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses

La présente partie de l’EN 474 traite de tous les phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs relatifs aux chargeuses définies dans l’EN ISO 6165:2006, lorsqu’elles sont utilisées comme prévu ou dans des conditions de mauvais usage que le fabricant peut raisonnablement prévoir (voir Article 4).
La présente partie traite également de l’utilisation avec fourches, en manutention de charges unitaires lourdes, en manutention d’objets et en manutention de grumes.
Les prescriptions figurant dans la présente partie viennent en complément des prescriptions communes présentées dans l’EN 474-1:2006.
La présente partie ne répète pas les prescriptions de l’EN 474-1:2006 mais en ajoute ou en remplace certaines applicables aux chargeuses.
La présente partie prescrit les mesures techniques appropriées pour éliminer ou réduire les risques dus aux phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs survenant lors de la mise en service, du fonctionnement et de la maintenance des chargeuses.
La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable aux chargeuses fabriquées avant la publication de la présente Norme européenne par le CEN.

Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 3. del: Zahteve za nakladalnike

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 28-Nov-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Feb-2009
• ICS: 53.100 - Earth-moving machinery
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 151 - Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 151/WG 1 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 11-Feb-2009
• Completion Date: 11-Feb-2009
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/91/1 - Standardization request to CEN/CENELEC concerning machines presenting hazards due to mobility or load lifting
• Ref Project: SIST EN 474-3:2007 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders

Relations

• Replaces: EN 474-3:1996 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008
• Merged Into: EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Amended By: EN 474-3:2006/prA1 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 474-3:2000
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 3. del: Zahteve za nakladalnike
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders
Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 3: Anforderungen für Lader
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 3: Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 474-3:2006
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 474-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2006
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 474-3:1996
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for
loaders
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 3: Prescriptions Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 3: Anforderungen für
applicables aux chargeuses Lader
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 474-3:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of additional significant hazards .7
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .7
6 Information for use .15
Annex A (normative) List of significant additional hazards – Loaders.16
Annex B (informative) Illustrations.17
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .20
Bibliography .21

Figures
Figure 1 — Deflection-limiting volume (DLV), front view . 9
Figure 2 — Load centre distance with fork arms . 12
Figure B.1 — Wheel loader . 17
Figure B.2 — Compact wheel loader . 17
Figure B.3 — Skid steer loader. 18
Figure B.4 — Crawler loader. 18
Figure B.5 — Wheel loader with fork arms. 19
Figure B.6 — Wheel loader with grapple. 19

Tables
Table 1 — Stability factors in fork application .10
Table 2 — Load centre distance .11
Table 3 — Stability factors in log handling.12
Table 4 — Stability factors in single heavy object handling in transport mode.13
Table 5 — Load centre distance .14
Table A.1 — List of additional significant hazards .16

Foreword
This document (EN 474-3:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction
equipment and building material machines — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by November 2008.
This European Standard supersedes EN 474-3:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
For bibliographic references, see EN 474-1:2006.
EN 474 "Earth-moving machinery — Safety" comprises the following parts:
 Part 1: General requirements
 Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers
 Part 3: Requirements for loaders
 Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders
 Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
 Part 6: Requirements for dumpers
 Part 7: Requirements for scrapers
 Part 8: Requirements for graders
 Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers
 Part 10: Requirements for trenchers
 Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors
 Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators.
This European Standard is intended for use in combination with part 1 of the series.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This part of EN 474 is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This part of EN 474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to loaders as
defined in EN ISO 6165:2006, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This part also deals with fork application, single heavy object handling application, object handling application
and log handling.
The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474-1:2006.
This part does not repeat the requirements from EN 474-1:2006, but adds or replaces the requirements for
application for loaders.
This part specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant
hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of loaders.
This European Standard is not applicable to loaders manufactured before the date of publication of this
European Standard by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 474-1:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
EN ISO 2867:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems (ISO 2867:1994)
EN ISO 3164:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluations of protective structures —
Specifications for deflecting-limiting volume (ISO 3164:1995)
EN ISO 3449:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 3457:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)
EN ISO 6682:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986
including Amendment 1:1989)
EN ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
(ISO 7096:2000)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings
ISO 14397-1:2002, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of rated
operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 474-1:2006,
EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply.
Terminology for loaders is specified in ISO 7131:1997 and the most common loaders are illustrated in
Annex B of this European Standard.
NOTE Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this
document.
3.1
loader
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine, having a front-mounted equipment primarily designed for loading
operation (bucket use), which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine
NOTE 1 A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material.
NOTE 2 Derivative machinery; loaders can also be used for derivative application (see EN 474-1:2006, 3.1.2).
3.2
compact loader
loader with an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 4 500 kg or less, designed to work in confined spaces
with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability
3.3
skid steer loader
loader normally having an operator's station between attachment-supporting structures and steered by using
variation of speed and/or direction of rotation between traction drives on opposite sides of a machine with
fixed axles
3.4
swing loader
loader having a swing type lift arm with a swinging angle to the left and right from a straight position
NOTE A swing loader work cycle is normally similar to a loader cycle but additionally work can be done offset of the
machine track.
4 List of additional significant hazards
See Annex A.
NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are
dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
Loaders shall comply with the requirements of EN 474-1:2006, as far as not modified or replaced by the
requirements of this part.
5.2 Loaders with front access
5.2.1 General
For loaders with front access the reference to EN ISO 2867:1998 applies with the deviations given in 5.2.2
and 5.2.3.
5.2.2 Primary access opening
The primary opening shall not be less than:
 opening height 875 mm;
 opening width 550 mm.
5.2.3 Alternative egress opening (emergency exit)
An alternative opening shall be provided.
Minimum dimension of the emergency exit shall comply with 11.2.2 of EN ISO 2867:1998.
5.3 Operator’s seat
EN 474-1:2006, 5.4.1 applies with the addition that the seat shall meet the requirements of the following input
spectral class according to EN ISO 7096:2000:
 EM3 for wheel loaders greater than 4 500 kg;
 EM6 for crawler loaders;
 EM8 for compact wheel loaders less or equal than 4 500 kg;
...