prEN IEC 60086-5:2026

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 02-Apr-2028
• ICS: 29.220.10 - Primary cells and batteries
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 35 - Primary batteries
• Current Stage: 4020 - Enquiry circulated - Enquiry
• Start Date: 11-Sep-2026
• Due Date: 30-Jun-2025
• Completion Date: 11-Sep-2026
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN IEC 60086-5:2026 - Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte

• Revises: EN IEC 60086-5:2021/AC:2022-07 - Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2023
• Revises: EN IEC 60086-5:2021 - Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2023

Overview

prEN IEC 60086-5:2026 - "Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte" - is a standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in cooperation with the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CLC). This document provides comprehensive safety requirements and test methods for primary batteries that use aqueous electrolytes. The goal is to ensure safer design, handling, and usage, minimizing risks for consumers, manufacturers, and device integrators.

The standard covers tests and requirements that address both risks under intended use and those arising from reasonably foreseeable misuse. It is an important reference for industries involved in the manufacturing, testing, and application of primary batteries containing aqueous electrolytes.

Key Topics

• Safety Requirements: Specifies design principles to prevent hazards such as explosion, fire, leakage, and improper venting in batteries using aqueous electrolytes.
• Testing Procedures: Describes detailed safety tests, including those simulating storage, transportation shock, vibration, temperature cycling, free fall, incorrect installation, short circuit, and overdischarge.
• Risk Evaluation: Emphasizes risk assessment and safety judgment, recognizing that absolute safety is not possible, but risks can be minimized through standardized processes.
• Precautionary Measures: Details packaging, labeling, handling, storage, transportation, and disposal procedures aimed at reducing safety risks.
• Design Guidance: Offers recommendations for battery compartment design in appliances, addressing issues such as reversed installation and short circuits, especially for button and cylindrical cells.
• Marking and Packaging: Sets requirements for clear labeling, safety pictograms, and child-resistant packaging-particularly for small or swallowable button cells.

Applications

prEN IEC 60086-5:2026 is utilized across multiple sectors where primary cells and batteries with aqueous electrolytes are employed, including but not limited to:

• Consumer Electronics: Ensures the safety of batteries in everyday products such as toys, remote controls, clocks, and calculators.
• Medical Devices: Provides guidance to minimize risks of cell failure in critical devices containing button or cylindrical batteries.
• Industrial and Professional Equipment: Supports manufacturers in designing robust safety mechanisms for equipment powering sensors, instrumentation, and security devices.
• Transportation and Logistics: Defines requirements for battery packaging and transportation to prevent hazards during shipping and distribution.
• Appliance Manufacturing: Assists designers and manufacturers in safe compartment design, reducing the likelihood of battery failure or accidental ingestion.
• Waste Management: Recommends best practices for battery disposal, reducing environmental impact and protecting end-users and waste handlers.

Organizations implementing the standard benefit from improved product reliability, reduced liability, and compliance with international safety expectations.

Related Standards

For a holistic approach to primary battery safety and performance, reference may also be made to the following standards:

• IEC 60086-1:2026 - Primary batteries – Part 1: General requirements
  Establishes general performance and safety standards for all primary batteries.
• IEC 60086-2-1:2026 - Primary batteries – Part 2-1: Physical and electrical specifications of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
  Covers technical specifications and service output tests.
• IEC 60068-2-27:2008 - Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
  Used as a baseline for transport shock tests.
• IEC 60086 Series - Comprehensive standards for other aspects and chemistries of primary batteries.
• ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 - Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards

These related standards create a complete framework for battery safety and help ensure compliance across global markets.

---

Implementing prEN IEC 60086-5:2026 supports improved battery safety, reducing risks associated with use and handling of primary batteries with aqueous electrolytes. Adherence ensures compliance with recognized international best practices, safeguarding both users and products.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2026
Primarne baterije - 5. del: Varnost baterij z vodnim elektrolitom
Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
Primärbatterien - Teil 5: Sicherheit von Batterien mit wässrigem Elektrolyt
Piles électriques - Partie 5: Sécurité des piles à électrolyte aqueux
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60086-5:2026
ICS:
29.220.10 Primarni členi in baterije Primary cells and batteries
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

35/1610/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60086-5 ED6
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2026-09-11 2026-12-04
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
35/1588/CD, 35/1604/CC
IEC TC 35 : PRIMARY CELLS AND BATTERIES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Japan Mr Takao Uyama
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):
SC 3C,TC 21,SC 21A,TC 61,TC 108
ASPECTS CONCERNED:
Safety
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant “In Some
Countries” clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that the CDV stage is
the final stage for submitting ISC clauses. (SEE AC/22/2007 OR NEW GUIDANCE DOC).

TITLE:
Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2030
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National
Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, o r any part of it, for

any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC.

IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
Link to Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) online document:
Click here
How to access
This link leads you to the Online Standards Development (OSD) platform for National Mirror
Committee’s (NMC) comments. The project draft may be found further down this document.

Resource materials
We recommend NCs to review the available materials to better understand the member commenting
on the OSD platform. This includes the:
• OSD NC roles overview
• How to add and submit comments to the IEC

Contact
Should you require any assistance, please contact the IEC IT Helpdesk.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 1
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements for safety . 9
4.1 Design . 9
4.1.1 General . 9
4.1.2 Venting . 9
4.2 Quality plan . 9
5 Sampling . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Sampling for type testing . 10
5.3 Validity of testing . 10
6 Testing and requirements . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.1.1 Applicable safety tests . 10
6.1.2 Cautionary notice . 11
6.1.3 Ambient temperature . 12
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 12
6.2.1 Explosion . 12
6.2.2 Fire . 12
6.2.3 Leakage . 12
6.2.4 Venting . 12
6.3 Intended use . 12
6.3.1 Intended use tests and requirements . 12
6.3.2 Intended use test procedures. 12
6.4 Reasonably foreseeable misuse. 15
6.4.1 Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests and requirements . 15
6.4.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse test procedures . 15
7 Information for safety . 18
7.1 Precautions during handling of batteries . 18
7.2 Packaging . 20
7.3 Handling of battery cartons . 20
7.4 Display and storage . 20
7.5 Transportation . 20
7.6 Disposal . 20
8 Instructions for use . 21
9 Marking and packaging . 21
9.1 General batteries . 21
9.2 Marking of batteries too small to accommodate all markings . 21
9.3 Additional requirements for swallowable button cells and batteries . 22
9.4 Safety pictograms . 23
Annex A (informative) Additional information on display and storage. 24
Annex B (informative) Battery compartment design guidelines . 25
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
B.1 Background . 25
B.1.1 General . 25
B.1.2 Battery failures resulting from poor battery compartment design . 25
B.1.3 Potential hazards resulting from battery reversal . 25
B.1.4 Potential hazards resulting from a short circuit . 25
B.2 General guidance for appliance design . 26
B.2.1 Key battery factors to be first considered . 26
B.2.2 Other important factors to consider . 26
B.3 Specific measures against reversed installation . 27
B.3.1 General . 27
B.3.2 Design of the positive contact . 27
B.3.3 Design of the negative contact . 27
B.3.4 Design with respect to battery orientation . 28
B.3.5 Dimensional considerations . 28
B.4 Specific measures to prevent short-circuiting of batteries . 30
B.4.1 Measures to prevent short-circuiting due to battery jacket damage . 30
B.4.2 Measures to prevent external short circuit of a battery caused when
coiled spring contacts are employed for battery connection . 30
B.5 Special considerations regarding recessed negative contacts . 32
B.6 Waterproof and non-vented devices . 33
B.7 Other design considerations. 33
Annex C (informative) Safety pictograms . 35
C.1 General . 35
C.2 Pictograms . 35
C.3 Recommendations for use . 36
Annex D (informative) Use of the KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN safety sign . 37
D.1 General . 37
D.2 Safety sign . 37
D.3 Best practices for marking the packaging . 37
Annex E (informative) Child resistant packaging of button cells. 38
E.1 General . 38
E.1.1 General . 38
E.1.2 Applicability . 38
E.1.3 Packaging design . 38
E.2 Packaging tests . 38
E.2.1 General . 38
E.2.2 Test items. 38
E.2.3 Test procedure . 40
E.2.4 Criteria . 40
Bibliography . 42

Figure 1 – Sampling for tests and number of batteries required . 10
Figure 2 – Temperature cycling procedure . 15
Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for incorrect installation (four batteries in series) . 16
Figure 4 – Circuit diagram for external short circuit . 16
Figure 5 – Circuit diagram for overdischarge . 17
Figure 6 – XYZ axes for free fall . 17
Figure 7 – Ingestion gauge . 18
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
Figure B.1 – Example of series connection with one battery reversed . 25
Figure B.2 – Positive contact recessed between ribs . 27
Figure B.3 – Positive contact recessed within surrounding insulation . 27
Figure B.4 – Negative contact U-shaped to ensure no positive (+) battery contact . 27
Figure B.5 – Design with respect to battery orientation . 28
Figure B.6 – Example of the design of a positive contact of an appliance . 29
Figure B.7 – Example of a short circuit where a switch is piercing the battery insulating
jacket . 30
Figure B.8 – Typical example of insulation to prevent short circuit . 30
Figure B.9 – Insertion against spring (to be avoided) . 31
Figure B.10 – Examples showing distorted springs . 31
Figure B.11 – Example of protected insertion . 31
Figure B.12 – Examples of negative contact . 32
Figure B.13 – Example of series connection of batteries with voltage tapping . 34
Figure E.1 – Bending test . 39
Figure E.2 – Torsion test . 39
Figure E.3 – Tearing test . 40
Figure E.4 – Pushing test . 40
Figure E.5 – Maximum packaging opening . 41

Table 1 – Test application matrix . 11
Table 2 – Intended use tests and requirements . 12
Table 3 – Shock pulse . 13
Table 4 – Test sequence of the shock test . 13
Table 5 – Test sequence of the vibration test . 14
Table 6 – Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests and requirements . 15
Table 7 – Marking recommendations . 22
Table 8 – Additional marking and packaging recommendations for swallowable button
cells and batteries. 22
Table B.1 – Dimensions of battery terminals and recommended dimensions of the
positive contact of an appliance in Figure B.6 . 28
Table B.2 – Minimum wire diameters . 31
Table B.3 – Dimensions of the negative battery terminal . 32
Table C.1 – Safety pictograms . 35
Table E.1 – Test procedure . 40

IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Primary batteries -
Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for
standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees).
The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning
standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other
activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National
Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work.
International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also
participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical
committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted
by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that
the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the
way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC
Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional
publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corres ponding national or
regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies
provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity.
IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including
individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for
any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct
or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use
of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced
publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve
the use of (a) patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability
of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document,
IEC [had/had not] received notice of (a) patent(s), which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch.
IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60086–5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 35: Primary cells and batteries. It
is an International Standard.
This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2021. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
TBD after CDV.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English [change
language if necessary].
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at http://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC
are described in greater detail at http://www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60086 series, published under the general title Primary batteries,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under http://www.webstore.iec.ch in the data related
to the specific document. At this date, the document will be
The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and
testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended
or revised IEC document in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements
and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this document be adopted for
implementation nationally not earlier than 24 months from the date of publication. The
transitional period applies specifically to Table 8.
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
INTRODUCTION
The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property.
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous
electrolyte and has been prepared in accordance with ISO/IEC guidelines, taking into account
all relevant national and international standards which apply. Also included in this document is
guidance for appliance designers with respect to battery compartments and information
regarding packaging, handling, warehousing and transportation.
Safety is a balance between freedom from risks of harm and other demands to be met by the
product. There can be no absolute safety. Even at the highest level of safety, the product can
only be relatively safe. In this respect, decision-making is based on risk evaluation and safety
judgement.
As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions and
recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this document, when followed on a
judicious "use when applicable" basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for safety.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous
electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable
misuse.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60086-1:2026, Primary batteries - Part 1: General
IEC 60086-2-1:2026, Primary batteries - Part 2-1: Physical and electrical specifications of
batteries with aqueous electrolyte
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals
and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of
chemical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1],482-01-01, modified – The note has been deleted.]
3.2
battery
one or more cells electrically connected and fitted with devices necessary for use, for example
case, labels, terminals, marking and protective devices
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1], 482-01-04, modified – The definition has been revised.]
3.3
component cell
cell contained in a battery
3.4
primary cell
primary battery
cell or battery that is not designed to be electrically recharged
3.5
button cell
button battery
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter, containing
aqueous electrolyte
Note 1 to entry: See coin (cell or battery), lithium button (cell or battery) in IEC 60086-1:2026 and IEC 60086-2-
1:2026.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1], 482-02-40, modified – The second term "coin cell" has
been deleted, the definition has been revised and the note has been replaced with a new note.]
3.6
cylindrical cell
cylindrical battery
round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1], 482-02-39, modified – In the definition, "cell" has been
replaced by "round cell or battery".]
3.7
prismatic cell
prismatic battery
cell or battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1], 482-02-38, modified – "cell" and "battery" have been added
to the term and "qualifies a" has been deleted.]
3.8
round cell
round battery
cell or battery with circular cross section
3.9
protective device
device such as fuse, diode or other electric or electronic current limiter designed to interrupt
the current flow in an electrical circuit
3.10
nominal voltage
U
n
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell, a battery or an
electrochemical system
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1], 482-03-31, modified – The domain and symbol have been
added.]
3.11
undischarged
state of a primary cell or battery at 0 % depth of discharge
3.12
safety
freedom from risk which is not tolerable
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 [2], 3.14]
3.13
intended use
use in accordance with information provided with a product or system, or, in the absence of
such information, by generally understood patterns of usage
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 [2], 3.6]
3.14
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a product or system in a way not intended by the supplier, but which can result from
readily predictable human behaviour
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 [2], 3.7, modified – The notes have been deleted.]
3.15
leakage
unplanned escape of electrolyte, gas or other material from a cell or battery
Note 1 to entry: The definition should not be confused with the test evaluation criteria for leakage specified in
Clause 6.
3.16
venting
release of excessive internal pressure from a cell or battery in a manner intended by design
Note 1 to entry: The definition should not be confused with the test evaluation criteria for venting specified in Clause
6.
4 Requirements for safety
4.1 Design
4.1.1 General
Batteries shall be so designed that they do not present a safety hazard under conditions of
normal (intended) use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
4.1.2 Venting
All batteries shall incorporate a pressure relief feature or shall be so constructed that they can
relieve excessive internal pressure at a value and rate which can preclude explosion. If
encapsulation is necessary to support cells within an outer case, the type of encapsulant and
the method of encapsulation shall not cause the battery to overheat during normal operation
nor inhibit the operation of the pressure relief feature.
The battery case material and/or its final assembly shall be so designed that, in the event of
one or more cells venting, the battery case does not present a hazard in its own right.
4.2 Quality plan
The manufacturer shall prepare and implement a quality plan defining the procedures for the
inspection of materials, components, cells and batteries during the course of manufacture, to
be applied to the total process of producing a specific type of battery. Manufacturers should
understand their process capabilities and should institute the necessary process controls as
they relate to product safety.
5 Sampling
5.1 General
Samples should be drawn from production lots in accordance with accepted statistical methods
and shall meet the requirements specified for dimensions and open circuit voltage set forth in
IEC 60086-2-1:2026. Samples failing to meet these requirements shall be discarded and new
samples selected.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
5.2 Sampling for type testing
The number of samples drawn for type testing is given in .

Figure 1 – Sampling for tests and number of batteries required
5.3 Validity of testing
Cells or batteries with aqueous electrolyte shall be subjected to the tests, as required in this
document. Testing remains valid until a design change or requirement revision has been made.
Retesting is required when:
a) a battery specification changes by more than 0,1 g or 20 % mass, whichever is greater, for
the cathode, anode or electrolyte;
b) a battery specification change can lead to a failure of any of the tests;
c) there is an addition of new tests or requirements; or
d) there is a requirement change that can lead to a failure of any of the tests.
6 Testing and requirements
6.1 General
6.1.1 Applicable safety tests
Applicable safety tests are shown in Table 1. The test requirements, separately for during
intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse, are given in Table 2 and Table 6 .
Table 1 – Test application matrix
Positive Nomin
Applicable tests
electrode al
Negativ
A B- C D E F G
Syste
voltag
e Electrolyt For
m
e per
electrod e m
B-
letter
cell
e
V
No Zinc Ammoniu Manganese 1,5 R x x x x x x x
letter (Zn) m chloride, dioxide (MnO )
B NR
Zinc
chloride
Pr x x x x x x x
M x x x NR x NR x
A 1,4 R x x x NR x x x
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
Positive Nomin Applicable tests
electrode al
Negativ
A B- C D E F G
Syste
voltag
e Electrolyt For
m
e per
electrod e m
B-
letter
cell
e
V
Zinc Ammoniu Oxygen (O ) B NR
(Zn) m chloride,
Pr x x x x x x x
Zinc
chloride
M x x x NR x NR x
L Zinc Alkali Manganese 1,5 R x x x x x x x
(Zn) metal dioxide (MnO )
B x x x NR x NR x
hydroxide
Pr x x x x x x x
M x x x NR x NR x
T Zinc Alkali Manganese 1,5 R x x x x x x x
(Zn) metal dioxide (MnO ) /
B x x x NR x NR x
hydroxide
Nickel (III) oxide
(NiOx)
Pr x x x x x x x
M x x x NR x NR x
P Zinc Alkali Oxygen air (O ) 1,4 or R NR
metal
(Zn) 1,45
B NR
hydroxide
Pr x x x x x x x
M NR
Zinc Alkali Silver oxide
S 1,55 R x x x NR x NR x
(Zn) metal (Ag O)
B x x x NR x NR x
hydroxide
Pr x x x x x x x
M NR
Test description: Key:
Intended use tests Reasonably foreseeable misuse Form
tests
A: storage after partial use R: cylindrical cell or battery (3.6)
D: incorrect installation
B-1: transportation-shock B: button cell or battery (3.5)
E: external short circuit
B-2: transportation-vibration Pr: prismatic single cell (3.7)
F: overdischarge
C: climatic-temperature cycling M: multicell battery
G: free fall
Applicability
X: Required
NR: Not required
If necessary, follow the discharge conditions of the IEC 60086-2-1:2026 service output test. Systems L and S
button cells or batteries under 3,5 g are exempt from any testing.
6.1.2 Cautionary notice
WARNING The tests in this document call for the use of procedures which can result in injury if adequate
precautions are not taken.
It has been assumed in the drafting of these tests that their execution is undertaken by appropriately qualified and
experienced technicians using adequate protection.
6.1.3 Ambient temperature
Unless otherwise specified, these tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 20 °C
± 5 °C.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria
6.2.1 Explosion
An explosion is considered to have occurred when there is an instantaneous release wherein
solid matter from any part of the battery is propelled to a distance greater than 25 cm away
from the battery.
6.2.2 Fire
A fire is considered to have occurred if flames are emitted from a cell or battery.
6.2.3 Leakage
A leakage is considered to have occurred if there is an unplanned escape of electrolyte from a
cell or battery.
6.2.4 Venting
A venting is considered to have occurred if there is a release of excessive internal pressure
from a cell or battery in a manner intended by design to preclude explosion.
6.3 Intended use
6.3.1 Intended use tests and requirements
Table 2 – Intended use tests and requirements
Test Intended use simulation Requirements
Electrical test A Storage after partial use No leakage (NL)
No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
Environmental tests B- Transportation-shock No leakage (NL)
No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
B- Transportation-vibration No leakage (NL)
No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
Climatic-temperature C Climatic-temperature cycling No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
6.3.2 Intended use test procedures
6.3.2.1 Test A – Storage after partial use
a) Purpose
This test simulates the situation when an appliance is switched off and the installed batteries
are partly discharged. These batteries can be left in the appliance for a long time or they
are removed from the appliance and stored for a long time.
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery is discharged under an application or service output test condition,
with the longest MAD value specified in IEC 60086-2-1:2026 until the service life falls by
50 % of the minimum average duration (MAD) value, followed by storage at 45 °C ± 2 °C for
30 days.
The temperature tolerance of ±2 °C is for the temperature maintain period and a brief over-
shoot in temperature is allowed during the transition period.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
c) Requirements
There shall be no leakage, no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.3.2.2 Test B-1 – Transportation-shock
a) Purpose
This test simulates the situation when an appliance is carelessly dropped with batteries
installed in it. This test condition is generally specified in IEC 60068-2-27:2008 [3].
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be tested as follows.
The shock test shall be carried out under the conditions defined in Table 3 and the sequence
in Table 4.
Shock pulse – The shock pulse applied to the battery shall be as follows:
Table 3 – Shock pulse
Acceleration Waveform
Minimum average acceleration first Peak acceleration
three milliseconds
Half sine
75 g 125 g to 175 g
n n n
NOTE g = 9,806 65 m/s .
n
Table 4 – Test sequence of the shock test
Ste Storage time Battery orientation Number of shocks Visual examination
p periods
1 – – – Pre-test
2 – a 1 each –
3 – a 1 each –
4 – a 1 each –
5 1 h – – –
6 – – – Post-test
a
The shock shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular directions.
Step 1 Record open circuit voltage in accordance with 5.2.
Steps 2 to 4 Apply shock test specified in Table 3 and the sequence in Table 4.
Step 5 Rest battery for 1 h.
Step 6 Record examination results.
c) Requirements
There shall be no leakage, no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.3.2.3 Test B-2 – Transportation-vibration
a) Purpose
This test simulates vibration during transportation. This test condition is generally specified
in IEC 60068–2–6 [4].
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be tested as follows.
The vibration test shall be carried out under the following test conditions and the sequence
in Table 5.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
Vibration – A simple harmonic motion shall be applied to the battery having an amplitude of
0,8 mm, with a total maximum excursion of 1,6 mm. The frequency shall be varied at the
rate of 1 Hz/min between the limits of 10 Hz and 55 Hz. The entire range of frequencies (10
Hz to 55 Hz) and return (55 Hz to 10 Hz) shall be traversed in (90 ± 5) min for each mounting
position (direction of vibration).
Table 5 – Test sequence of the vibration test
Ste Storage time Battery orientation Vibration time Visual examination
p periods
1 – – – Pre-test
2 – a (90 ± 5) min each –
3 – a (90 ± 5) min each –
4 – a (90 ± 5) min each –
5 1 h – – –
6 – – – Post-test
a
The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular directions.
Step 1 Record open circuit voltage in accordance with 5.2.
Steps 2 to 4 Apply the vibration specified in Table 5.
Step 5 Rest battery for 1 h.
Step 6 Record examination results.
c) Requirements
There shall be no leakage, no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.3.2.4 Test C – Climatic-temperature cycling
a) Purpose
This test assesses the integrity of the battery seal which can be impaired after temperature
cycling.
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be tested under the following procedure.
Temperature cycling procedure (see 1) to 7) below and/or Figure 2)
1) Place the batteries in a test chamber and raise the temperature of the chamber to 70 °C
± 5 °C within t = 30 min.
2) Maintain the chamber at this temperature for t = 4 h.
3) Reduce the temperature of the chamber to 20 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min and maintain
at this temperature for t = 2 h.
4) Reduce the temperature of the chamber to −20 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min and maintain
at this temperature for t = 4 h.
5) Raise the temperature of the chamber to 20 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min.
6) Repeat the sequence for a further 9 cycles.
th
7) After the 10 cycle, store the batteries for 7 days prior to examination.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
t = 30 min
t = 4 h
t = 2 h
Figure 2 – Temperature cycling procedure
c) Requirements
There shall be no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.4 Reasonably foreseeable misuse
6.4.1 Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests and requirements
Table 6 – Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests and requirements
Test Misuse simulation Requirements
Electrical tests D Incorrect installation No fire (NF)
a
No explosion (NE)
E External short circuit No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
F Overdischarge No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
Environmental test G Free fall No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
a
See 6.4.2.1, Note 2.
6.4.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse test procedures
6.4.2.1 Test D - Incorrect installation (four batteries in series)
a) Purpose
This test simulates the condition when one battery in a set is reversed.
b) Test procedure
Four undischarged batteries of the same brand, type and origin shall be connected in series
with one reversed (B ) as shown in Figure 3. The circuit shall be completed for 24 h or until
the battery case temperature has returned to ambient.
The resistance of the inter-connecting circuitry shall not exceed 0,1 Ω.
IEC CDV 60086-5 © IEC 2026
Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for incorrect installation (four batteries in series)
NOTE 1 The circuit in Figure 3 simulates a typical misuse condition.
NOTE 2 Primary batteries are not designed to be charged. However, reversed installation of a battery in a series
of three or more exposes the reversed battery to a charging condition. Although cylindrical batteries are designed to
relieve excessive internal pressure, it is possible that in some instances an explosion cannot be precluded.
c) Requirements
There shall be no fire and no explosion during this test (see 6.4.2.1, Note 2).
6.4.2.2 Test E – External short circuit
a) Purpose
This misuse can occur during daily handling of batteries.
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be connected as shown in Figure 4. The circuit shall be
completed for 24 h or until the battery case temperature has returned to ambient. The
resistance of the inter-connecting circuitry shall not exceed 0,1 Ω.

Figure 4 – Circuit diagram for external short circuit
c) Requirements
There shall be no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.4.2.3 Test F – Overdischarge
a) Purpose
This test simulates and determines the effect of placing a discharged battery in a circuit with
undischarged batteries (i.e. mixing new with used or old batteries).
b) Test procedure
One undischarged battery (B ) is discharged under the application or service output test
condition, with the longest duration of MAD (expressed in time units)
...