EN 61000-4-28:2000
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-28: Testing and measurement techniques - Variation of power frequency, immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-28: Testing and measurement techniques - Variation of power frequency, immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase
Establishes a reference for evaluating the immunity of electric and electronic equipment when subjected to variations of the power frequency. Only conducted phenomena are considered, including immunity tests for equipment connected to public and industrial networks.
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) - Teil 4-28: Prüf- und Messverfahren - Prüfung der Störfestigkeit von Geräten mit einem Eingangsstrom, der 16 A je Leiter nicht überschreitet, gegen Schwankungen der energietechnischen Frequenz (Netzfrequenz)
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 4-28: Techniques d'essai et de mesure - Essai d'immunité à la variation de la fréquence d'alimentation pour des matériels avec un courant appelé n'excédant pas 16 A par phase
Définit une référence pour évaluer l'immunité des matériels électriques et électroniques lorsque ceux-ci sont soumis à des variations de la fréquence de l'alimentation. Ne sont pris en compte que les phénomènes conduits, notamment les essais d'immunité des matériels raccordés aux réseaux de distribution publics ou industriels.
Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 4-28. del: Preskušanje in merilne tehnike - Nihanja električne frekvence, preskušanje odpornosti (IEC 61000-4-28:1999)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2000
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVW (0& GHO 3UHVNXãDQMHLQPHULOQHWHKQLNH
1LKDQMDHOHNWULþQHIUHNYHQFHSUHVNXãDQMHRGSRUQRVWL ,(&
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 4-28: Testing and measurement techniques -
Variation of power frequency, immunity test
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) -- Teil 4-28: Prüf- und Messverfahren -
Prüfung der Störfestigkeit gegen Schwankungen der energietechnischen Frequenz
(Netzfrequenz)
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) -- Partie 4-28: Techniques d'essai et de mesure -
Essai d'immunité à la variation de la fréquence d'alimentation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61000-4-28:2000
ICS:
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
61000-4-28
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1999-11
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-28:
Techniques d'essai et de mesure –
Essai d'immunité à la variation de
la fréquence d'alimentation
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-28:
Testing and measurement techniques –
Variation of power frequency, immunity test
IEC 1999 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
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61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION .9
Clause
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 General. 13
4 Definitions. 13
5 Test levels . 15
6 Test equipment . 15
6.1 Test generators: characteristics and performances. 15
6.2 Verification of the characteristics. 17
7 Test set-up. 17
8 Test procedure. 17
8.1 Laboratory reference conditions . 19
8.2 Execution of the test . 19
9 Test results and test report. 19
Annex A (informative) Sources and effects of variation of the power frequency. 25
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic environment classes . 27
Figure 1 – Frequency variation sequence. 21
Figure 2 – Example of transitional period t . 21
p
Figure 3 – Schema of test instrumentation with power amplifier. 23
61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –
Part 4-28: Testing and measurement techniques –
Variation of power frequency, immunity test
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61000-4-28 has been prepared by subcommittee 77A: Low-
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
This standard forms part 4-28 of the IEC 61000 series. It has the status of a basic EMC
publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
77A/287/FDIS 77A/299/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Annexes A and B are for information only.
61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 7 –
The committee has decided that this publication remains valid until 2001. At this date, in
accordance with the committee’s decision, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts, published either as International Standard,
technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published as
sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and completed by a
second number identifying the subdivision.
61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 11 –
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –
Part 4-28: Testing and measurement techniques –
Variation of power frequency, immunity test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 is a basic EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) publication. It considers
immunity tests for electric and/or electronic equipment in its electromagnetic environment. Only
conducted phenomena are considered, including immunity tests for equipment connected to
public and industrial networks.
The object of this part is to establish a reference for evaluating the immunity of electric and
electronic equipment when subjected to variations of the power frequency.
This standard applies to electric and/or electronic equipment connected to 50 Hz or 60 Hz
distributed network with rated line current up to 16 A per phase.
It does not apply to electric and/or electronic equipment connected to a.c. 400 Hz distribution
networks. Tests concerning these networks will be covered by other IEC standards.
In general, electrical and electronic equipment is not susceptible to minor variations of the
power frequency. Testing according to this standard should be limited to products which are
assessed to be susceptible to power frequency variations by virtue of design, environment or
failure consequences.
The immunity test levels required for a specific electromagnetic environment together with the
performance criteria are indicated in the product, product family or generic standards as
applicable.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 61000. For dated references, subsequent amendments
to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements
based on this part of IEC 61000 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the
latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050(161), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161 Electro-
magnetic compatibility
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 61000-2-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2: Environment – Section 4: Com-
patibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances
61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 13 –
3 General
The purpose of the test is to investigate effects of power frequency variations on equipment
which may be sensitive to this disturbance. The effects are generally instantaneous.
Electrical and electronic equipment may be affected by variations of the power frequency.
The frequency of a.c. power derived from public systems is directly related to the rotational
speed of the generators, as is the frequency of a.c. power derived from an alternator which is
separate from the public network. The frequency depends at any instant on the dynamic
balance between the loads and the capacity of the generating plants. Consequently, as this
dynamic balance changes, small changes in frequency will occur. The size and duration of
these changes depends on the characteristics of the load changes and response of the
generating plant to the load changes. Where the supply is derived from an independent
inverter, the frequency may be derived from the control circuitry and is then fixed.
The frequency of public systems is, under normal conditions, generally declared by the supplier
in terms of a nominal value (50 Hz or 60 Hz) with a small bandwidth within which these
changes in frequency will normally be limited. However, in non-interconnected systems (small
networks isolated like islands), variations of frequency are likely to be greater and
consequently more important.
Frequency variations can affect
– control systems referring to time (measurement errors, loss of synchronization, etc.);
– equipment including passive filter (de-tuned).
4 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 61000, the following definitions and terms apply as well as
the definitions of IEC 60050(161).
4.1
immunity
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance [IEV 161-01-20]
4.2
malfunction
termination of the ability of an equipment to carry out intended functions or the execution of
unintended functions by the equipment
61000-4-28 IEC:1999 – 15 –
5 Test levels
The test is performed at nominal mains voltage.
The equipment under test (EUT) is initially in operation at a mains frequency f and is then
subjected to frequency variation sequence according to figure 1.
Δf/f is specified as a percentage of nominal frequency f .
1 1
.
Test values are specified in table 1
Table 1 – Test levels for frequency variations
Test levels Frequency variation (Δf/f ) Transitional period t
1 p
Level 1 No test required No test required
Level 2 ±3 % 10 s
Level 3 +4 % 10 s
–6 %
Level 4 ±15 % 1 s
Level X Open Open
During the transitional period, t , (figure 2), the maximum change in frequency per cycle shall
p
be less than 0,5 % of f .
Levels 1 and 2 are specified for equipment in relation to class 1 and 2 in IEC 61000-2-4
respectively (see annex B).
Levels 3 and 4 are specified for equipment of which the misoperation is critical for specific
application. These two test levels cover the frequency variations 100 % of the week.
Level 3
...
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