IEC 60728-1-2:2009
(Main)Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in operation
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in operation
IEC 60728-1-2:2009 provides the minimum performance requirements to be fulfilled in operation at the system outlet or terminal input and describes the summation criteria for the impairments present in the received signals and those produced by the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network, including individual receiving systems. This bilingual version, published in 2011-03, corresponds to the English version. The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
Réseaux de distribution par câbles destinés aux signaux de télévision, de radiodiffusion sonore et aux services interactifs - Partie 1-2: Exigences de qualité des signaux fournis à la prise murale, en fonctionnement
La CEI 60728-1-2:2009 décrit les exigences minimales de qualité en fonctionnement des signaux à la prise d'abonné ou à la borne d'entrée du terminal et décrit les critères d'addition des dégradations, celles présentes dans les signaux reçus, et celles produites par le réseau de distribution par câble CATV/MATV/SMATV, ceci comprenant les systèmes de réception individuels. La présente version bilingue, publiée en 2011-03, correspond à la version anglaise. Le texte anglais de cette norme est issu des documents 100/1531/FDIS et 100/1562/RVD.
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60728-1-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in
operation
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IEC 60728-1-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in
operation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
V
ICS 33.160 35.110; 33.120.10 ISBN 978-2-88910-261-7
– 2 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations.10
3.1 Terms and definitions .10
3.2 Abbreviations .15
4 Methods of measurement .16
5 Subjective quality of television pictures in relation to the main impairments of the
analogue composite television signal.17
5.1 Subjective quality scale .17
5.2 Subjective quality and objective parameters .17
6 Summation of the impairments .20
6.1 Impairments to be summed .20
6.2 Summation laws .21
6.2.1 General .21
6.2.2 Voltage addition .21
6.2.3 Power addition.22
6.3 Examples .22
7 Performance requirements in operation .22
7.1 General .22
7.2 Impedance .23
7.3 Performance requirements at the terminal input .23
7.3.1 Definition.23
7.3.2 Signal level.23
7.3.3 Other parameters .23
7.4 Performance requirements at system outlets .23
7.4.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels .23
7.4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets .23
7.4.3 Isolation between individual outlets in one household .24
7.4.4 Isolation between forward and return path .24
7.4.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any
system outlet .24
7.4.6 Carrier level differences at system outlet .24
7.4.7 Frequency response within a television channel .24
7.4.8 Random noise at system outlet.24
7.4.9 Interference to television channels .26
Annex A (normative) RF carrier to noise ratio .28
Annex B (informative) Examples of summation of impairments.31
Bibliography.33
Figure 1 – CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network – Performance requirements .8
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types.13
Figure 3 – Signal to echo ratio (dB) versus echo delay (μs) .20
Figure A.1 – Example of a TV receiver IF filter (systems B and G) .28
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 3 –
Figure A.2 – Example of a demodulated TV signal (systems B and G) .29
Table 1 – Methods of measurement of IEC 60728-1 applicable in operation.17
Table 2 – Impairment units versus subjective quality.17
Table 3 – Impairment grade versus un-weighted white noise .18
Table 4 – Impairment grade versus differential gain .19
Table 5 – Impairment grade versus differential phase .19
Table 6 – Impairment grade versus short time linear distortion (2T pulse).19
Table 7 – Impairment grade versus chrominance-luminance gain inequality.19
Table 8 – Impairment grade versus chrominance-luminance delay inequality .19
Table 9 – Impairment grade versus echo rating (1μs echo delay).20
Table 10 – Correction factors to be applied for delays different than 1 μs .20
Table 11 – Carrier-to-noise ratios and RF signal-to-noise ratios at system outlet
(television) in operation .25
Table 12 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at system outlet (radio) in operation .26
Table B.1 – Examples of voltage addition .31
Table B.2 – Examples of power addition .32
– 4 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals
delivered at the system outlet in operation
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-1-2 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/1531/FDIS 100/1562/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60728 series, published under the general title Cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 5 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date00F indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
– 6 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including equipment and
associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and distribution of
television signals, sound signals and their associated data signals, and for processing, interfacing
and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media.
This includes
• CATV 1F1F1F0F -networks,
• MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas and/or special signal source
inputs to the headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof
is excluded.
The reception of television signals inside a building requires an outdoor antenna and a
distribution network to convey the signal to the TV receivers.
This part of IEC 60728 deals with the requirements that must be fulfilled at the system outlet
or terminal input, when the CATV/MATV/SMATV system is in operation.
These performance requirements for signals at the system outlet or terminal input in operation
are derived from considerations of the characteristics of the received signals at the input of
the headend (see Clause 6 of IEC 60728-1) and the summation of the impairments produced
by the headend, the CATV/MATV/SMATV network and the home network, when the
requirements given in IEC 60728-1 and IEC 60728-1-1 are fulfilled.
This document gives the guidelines for calculation of the operational characteristics at system
outlet, taking into account the performance requirements of the CATV/MATV/SMATV network,
of the home networks and of the received signals, given in the International Standards
IEC 60728-1 and 60728-1-1 prepared by TA 5: Cable networks for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia
systems and equipment.
—————————
This word encompasses the Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks used nowadays to provide telecommunications
services, voice, data, audio and video both broadcast and narrowcast.
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 7 –
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals
delivered at the system outlet in operation
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 provides the minimum performance requirements to be fulfilled in
operation at the system outlet or terminal input and describes the summation criteria for the
impairments present in the received signals and those produced by the CATV/MATV/SMATV
cable network, including individual receiving systems.
NOTE 1 When a change of signal format is made at the headend, the summation of the impairments does not
apply (see also Clause 57H 7).
In a building divided into apartment blocks, the signals received by the antennas are
distributed by the MATV/SMATV cable network up to the home network interface (HNI); the
television signals are then distributed (inside the home) by home networks (HN) of various
types up to the system outlet or terminal input. The cable network can support two way
operation, from the system outlet (or terminal input) towards the headend.
The home network can use coaxial cables, balanced pair cables, fibre optic cables (glass or
plastic) and also wireless links inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) to replace
wired cords.
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to cable networks intended for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services operating between about 5 MHz and 3 000 MHz. The
frequency range is extended to 6 000 MHz for home distribution techniques that replace wired
cords with a wireless two way communication inside a room (or a small number of adjacent
rooms) that uses the 5 GHz to 6 GHz frequency band.
64H64H64H58HFigure 1 shows the main sections of a general CATV/MATV/SMATV system, indicating the
parts of the IEC 60728-1 series documents where the relevant performance requirements are
indicated.
• The requirements for the signals received at the headend are given in Clause 6 of
IEC 60728-1.
• The requirements for the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network, assuming an unimpaired
input signal at the input of the headend, up to the system outlet are given in IEC 60728-1,
Clause 5.
• The requirements for the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network up to the home network
interface (HNI) are given in IEC 60728-1, Clause 7, assuming an unimpaired input signal
at the input of the headend.
• The specific requirements from HNI to the system outlet or terminal input are given in
IEC 60728-1-1, Clause 5, assuming an unimpaired input signal at the HNI.
• The requirements at the system outlet in operation are given in Clause 7 of this standard.
The expression “in operation” means that the received signals, with their impairments, are
applied to the headend input of the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network. The requirements at
the system outlet “in operation” are derived, therefore, by summing the impairments of the
various cascaded parts of the system and of the input signal.
– 8 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
When a change of signal format from analogue to analogue (e.g. from FM to AM-VSB) or from
digital to digital (e.g. from QPSK to QAM) or from digital to analogue (e.g. from DVB-S/S2 to
AM-VSB or DVB-T to AM-VSB) is made at the headend, the summation of the impairments
that produce a relaxation of requirements at system outlet does not apply. Such a case will be
the equivalence of unimpaired signals applied at the headend input. Therefore the
requirements at system outlet given in IEC 60728-1 apply.
Performance requirements,
see Clause 7 (in operation)
Antenna system
(or other feeding network)
Satellite
Terrestrial
antenna
antenna
HNI
CATV/MATV/SMATV
Distribution Home network Terminal
Headend
network (HN) equipment
System
oulet
Headend
input
Performance requirements,
see Clause 5 of IEC 60728-1-1
Performance requirements, see Clause 7
(unimpaired input signals)
of IEC 60728-1 (unimpaired input signals)
Performance
requirements,
see Clause 6
Performance requirements, see Clause 5
of IEC 60728-1
of IEC 60728-1 (unimpaired input signals)
IEC 1012/09
Diagram of the main sections of a CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network and the relevant parts
of the IEC 60728-1 series where the requirements are indicated.
Figure 1 – CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network – Performance requirements
This standard also provides references for the basic methods of measurement of the
operational characteristics of the downstream cable network in order to assess its
performance.
All requirements refer to the performance limits to be achieved in operation at any system
outlet when terminated in a resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the system,
unless otherwise specified. Where system outlets are not used, the above applies to the
terminal input.
NOTE 2 If the home network is subdivided into a number of parts, using different transmission media (e.g. coaxial
cabling, balanced cabling, optical cabling, wireless links) the accumulation of degradations should not exceed the
figures given below.
NOTE 3 Performance requirements of return paths as well as special methods of measurement for the use of the
return paths in cable networks are described in IEC 60728-10.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-705, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 705: Radio wave
propagation
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 9 –
IEC 60050-712, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 712: Antennas
IEC 60050-725, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 725: Space
radiocommunications
IEC 60728-1:2007, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-1-1,– Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks (to be published)
IEC 60728-3, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive services –
Part 3: Active wideband equipment for coaxial cable networks
IEC 60966-2-4, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-4: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to
3 000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-5, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-5: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to
1 000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-6, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-6: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to
3 000 MHz, IEC 61169-24 connectors
ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-7, Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality
of television pictures
ITU-R Recommendation BT.654, Subjective quality of television pictures in relation to the
main impairments of the analogue composite television signal
ITU-R Recommendation BT.655, Radio-frequency protection ratios for AM vestigial sideband
terrestrial television systems interfered with by unwanted analogue vision signals and their
associated sound signals
ITU-T Recommendation J.61, Transmission performance of television circuits designed for
use in international connections
ITU-T Recommendation J.63, Insertion of test signals in the field-blanking interval of
monochrome and colour television signals
ETSI EN 300 421, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services
ETSI EN 300 429, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for cable systems
ETSI EN 300 473, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Satellite Master Antenna Television
(SMATV) distribution systems
ETSI EN 300 744, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for digital terrestrial television
– 10 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
ETSI EN 302 307, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure,
channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News
Gathering and other broadband satellite applications
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-705,
IEC 60050-712 and IEC 60050-725 apply.
NOTE The most important definitions are repeated below.
3.1.1
active home network
home network that uses active equipment (for example, amplifiers) in addition to passive
equipment such as splitters, taps, system outlets, cables and connectors up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment for distributing and combining RF
signals
3.1.2
antenna
that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required
coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave
propagates
NOTE 1 In practice, the terminals of the antenna or the points to be considered as the interface between the
antenna and the transmitter or receiver should be specified.
NOTE 2 If the transmitter or receiver is connected to its antenna by a feeder line, the antenna may be considered
to be a transducer between the guided radio waves of the feeder line and the radiated waves in space.
[IEV 712-01-01]
3.1.3
attenuation
ratio of the input power to the output power of an equipment or system, expressed in decibels
3.1.4
balun
device for transforming an unbalanced voltage to a balanced voltage or vice-versa
NOTE The term is derived from "balanced to unbalanced transformer".
3.1.5
bit error ratio
BER
ratio between erroneous bits and the total number of transmitted bits
3.1.6
carrier-to-intermodulation ratio
C/I
difference in decibels between the carrier level at a specified point in a piece of equipment or
a system and the level of a specified intermodulation product or combination of products
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 11 –
3.1.7
carrier-to-noise ratio
C/N
difference in decibels between the vision or sound carrier level at a given point in a piece of
equipment or a system and the noise level at that point (measured within a bandwidth
appropriate to the television or radio system in use)
3.1.8
cross-modulation
undesired modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by the modulation of another signal as
a result of equipment or system non-linearities
3.1.9
decibel ratio
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of two quantities of power P and P , that is
1 2
P
10lg in dB
P
NOTE 1 Quantities of power may also be expressed in terms of voltages for a common impedance value (e.g.
75 Ω).
U
20 lg in dB
U
NOTE 2 The abbreviation “lg” in equations signifies “log ”.
3.1.10
directivity
attenuation between output port and interface or tap port minus the attenuation between input
port and interface or tap port, of any equipment or system
3.1.11
distribution amplifier
amplifier designed to feed one or more branch or spur feeders
NOTE This is a general term embracing branch amplifier and spur amplifier.
3.1.12
DOCSIS
EuroDOCSIS
standards defining interface specifications for cable modems and cable modem termination
systems for high-speed data communication over RF cable networks
3.1.13
dwelling unit
DU
home or office where television and sound signals are distributed and where there is access
to interactive services
3.1.14
echo rating
E
result of a system test with a 2T sine-squared pulse (as determined in ITU-T
Recommendation J.61 and ITU-T Recommendation J.63) using the boundary line on a
specified graticule (for example, Figure 29 of IEC 60728-1) within which all parts of the
received pulse fall
– 12 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
NOTE The object of the graticule design is to ensure that the subjective effect of an echo of rating E % is the
same as that of a single echo, with displacement greater than 12T, of (E/2) % relative to the peak amplitude of the
test pulse.
3.1.15
feeder
transmission path forming part of a cable network
NOTE 1 Such a path may consist of a metallic cable, optical fibre, waveguide, or any combination of them.
NOTE 2 By extension, the term is also applied to paths containing one or more radio links.
3.1.16
gain
ratio of the output power to the input power of any equipment or system, expressed in
decibels
3.1.17
headend
equipment which is connected between receiving antennas or other signal sources and the
remainder of the cable networks, to process the signals to be distributed
NOTE The headend may, for example, comprise antenna amplifiers, frequency converters, combiners, separators
and generators.
3.1.18
headend input
interface of the headend where the signals received by antennas or individual feeder lines are
applied for signal processing
3.1.19
home network
HN
RF cable network inside a single dwelling (one-family house or one unit of a multi-dwelling
building) in the SOHO (Small Offices Home Offices) environments or in the rooms of hotels,
hospitals, etc.; the preferred topology of this network is a star
NOTE This network carries television signals, sound signals and interactive services up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment. It may comprise active equipment, passive equipment,
cables and connectors.
3.1.20
home network interface
HNI
interface for access to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and
interactive services inside a home (single dwelling); it is the first accessible point after the
entrance of the network into an individual home (see 59HFigure 2)
NOTE In some cases the home network interface may be coincident with the system outlet. In this case the
performance requirements for a system outlet apply.
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 13 –
Active home network
HNI
Passive home network
HNI
Looped system
outlets
HNI
Single
system
outlet
BNI
IEC 1013/09
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types
3.1.21
intermodulation
process whereby non-linearity of equipment in a system produces output signals (called
intermodulation products) at frequencies which are linear combinations of those of the input
signals
3.1.22
isolation
attenuation between two output, tap or interface ports of any equipment or system
3.1.23
level
decibel ratio of any power P to the standard reference power P , that is
1 0
P
10lg in dB
P
decibel ratio of any voltage U to the standard reference voltage U , that is
1 0
U
20lg in dB
U
NOTE This may be expressed in decibels (relative to 1 μV in 75 Ω) or more simply in dB(μV) if there is no risk of
if based on a common impedance value (e.g. 75 Ω).
ambiguity and
3.1.24
multiplex
signals from several separate sources assembled into a single composite signal for
transmission over a common transmission channel
– 14 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
[IEV 721-04-04 modified]
3.1.25
mutual isolation
attenuation between two specified system outlets at any frequency within the range of the
system under investigation which is always specified, for any particular installation, as the
minimum value obtained within specified frequency limits
3.1.26
network interface
NI
interface to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and interactive
services
3.1.27
receiver lead
lead which connects the system outlet to the subscriber’s equipment
NOTE A receiver lead may include filters and balun transformers in addition to the cable.
3.1.28
satellite master antenna television system
SMATV
system which is designed to provide sound and television signals to the outlets of a building
or a group of buildings
NOTE Two system configurations are defined in ETSI EN 300 473 as follows:
SMATV system A, based on transparent transmodulation of QPSK satellite signals into QAM signals to be
distributed to the user;
SMATV system B, based on direct distribution of QPSK signals to the user, with two options:
– SMATV-IF distribution in the satellite IF band (above 950 MHz);
– SMATV-S distribution in the VHF/UHF band, for example in the extended S band (230 MHz… 470 MHz)
3.1.29
S /N
D,RF
signal-to-noise ratio for a digitally modulated signal in the RF band
3.1.30
single dwelling unit
SDU
home or office used by a single owner where television and sound signals are distributed and
there is access to interactive services
3.1.31
SMATV headend
headend in block of flats or in built-up sites to feed TV channels received by satellite into the
house network or the spur network
NOTE In some cases, a distribution point may be connected directly to the headend.
3.1.32
splitter (spur unit)
device in which the signal power at the (input) port is divided equally or unequally between
two or more (output) ports
NOTE Some forms of this device may be used in the reverse direction for combining signal energy.
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 15 –
3.1.33
spur feeder
feeder to which splitters, subscriber taps, or looped system outlets are connected
3.1.34
standard reference power
P
in cable networks, the standard reference power P is 1/75 pW.
NOTE This is the power dissipated in a 75 Ω resistor with a voltage drop of 1 µV across it.
RMS
3.1.35
subscriber feeder
feeder connecting a subscriber tap to a system outlet or, where the latter is not used, directly
to the subscriber equipment
NOTE A subscriber feeder may include filters and balun transformers.
3.1.36
subscriber equipment
equipment at the subscriber premises such as receivers, tuners, decoders, video recorders
3.1.37
subscriber tap
device for connecting a subscriber feeder to a spur feeder
3.1.38
system outlet
SO
device for interconnecting a subscriber feeder and a receiver lead
3.1.39
terminal equipment
equipment (television receiver, radio receiver, set-top box, etc.) able to receive the distributed
signals or to send (via a cable modem) return signals for interactive services
3.1.40
well-matched
matching condition when the return loss of the equipment complies with the requirements of
Table 1 of IEC 60728-3
3.2 Abbreviations
APSK amplitude and phase shift keying AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
BBUW base-band unweighted noise BBWN base-band weighted noise
BER bit error ratio BW bandwidth
C/N carrier-to-noise ratio (ratio of RF CATV community antenna television
or IF power to noise power)
COFDM coded orthogonal frequency DA distribution amplifier
division multiplex
DAB digital audio broadcasting DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service
Interface Specification
DVB digital video broadcasting DVB-C digital video broadcasting
baseline system for digital cable
television (ETSI EN 300 429)
– 16 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
DVB-CS digital video broadcasting DVB-S digital video broadcasting
baseline system for SMATV baseline system for digital
distribution systems satellite television
(ETSI EN 300 473) (ETSI EN 300 421)
DVB-S2 digital video broadcasting DVB-T digital video broadcasting
baseline system for digital baseline system for digital
satellite television second terrestrial television
generation (ETSI EN 302 307) (ETSI EN 300 744)
EuroDO European Data Over Cable FDM frequency division multiplex
CSIS Service Interface Specification
FM frequency modulation HFC Hybrid Fibre Coaxial
HN home network HNI home network interface
ITS insertion test signal LDPC low-density parity check (codes)
LNB low noise block converter MATV master antenna television
(frequency converter in the focal
point of a parabolic antenna)
NB noise bandwidth NICAM near-instantaneously
companded audio multiplex
NTSC national television system OFDM orthogonal frequency division
committee multiplex
PAL phase alternation line PSK phase shift keying
QAM quadrature amplitude modulation QEF quasi-error-free
QPSK quaternary phase shift keying RF radio frequency
RMS root mean square SDU single dwelling unit
SECAM séquenciel couleur à mémoire SMATV satellite master antenna
television
SO system outlet SOHO small office, home office
TI terminal input TS transport stream
TV television UHF ultra-high frequency
VHF very high frequency VSB vestigial side band
4 Methods of measurement
The methods of measurement applicable in operation are concerned mainly with the most
important characteristics and requirements that shall be fulfilled at system outlet (SO) or
terminal input (TI) in operation.
The methods of measurement of the forward path for analogue and/or digitally modulated
carriers indicated in IEC 60728-1 can be applied, using at the headend input the signals
received by the antenna system, carrying suitable test signals (ITS).
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 17 –
Table 1 – Methods of measurement of IEC 60728-1 applicable in operation
Modulation of carriers
Analogue Digital
Methods of
Television Radio Television
measurement
FM
Subclause reference
Vision carrier Vision TV Vision and sound Sound Radio
of IEC 60728-1
and sound
AM-VSB DVB
sound carrier
carriers
NTSC PAL SECAM FM FM/AM PSK, QAM OFDM NICAM DAB
APSK
4.4 Chrominance x x
luminance gain and
delay inequalities
4.5 Non-linear x x x x x x
distorsion
4.6 Carrier-to-noise x x x x x
ratio
4.7 Echoes x x x
4.8 AM-VSB television, x x x x x
FM radio and FM
television signal level
4.9 Data echo rating x x x
and data delay
inequality
4.10 Interference in FM x
sound radio channels
4.11 Methods of x x x x
measurement for
digitally modulated
signals
5 Subjective quality of television pictures in relation to the main impairments
of the analogue composite television signal
5.1 Subjective quality scale
The subjective quality of picture and sound signals produced by analogue composite
television signals are evaluated using the five-grade scale contained in ITU-R
Recommendation BT.500-11 and indicated in 65H65H65H60HTable 2.
Table 2 – Impairment units versus subjective quality
Impairment scale
Subjective quality
grade
1 very annoying
2 annoying
3 slightly annoying
4 perceptible but not annoying
5 imperceptible
5.2 Subjective quality and objective parameters
In order to transform the subjective quality of a television picture into objective parameters to
be measured, the following tables will give correspondence between picture quality and
objective parameters for quality grades equal or higher than 3, being the quality grade 4
usually provided by any CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network. Because the highest grade 5
– 18 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
means a perfect picture, grade 4,5 is indicated instead in the tables, being of more practical
use.
The relationship between the picture quality and the objective parameter value of each of the
impairments listed below, assuming that only one of them is present at any one time, is
indicated in the ITU-R Recommendation BT.654, where the following impairments are
considered:
• un-weighted white noise in base band (66H66H66H61HTable 3)
• differential gain (Table 4)
• differential phase (Table 5)
• short time linear distortion (2T pulse) (Table 6)
• chrominance-luminance gain inequality (Table 7)
• chrominance-luminance delay inequality (Table 8)
• echo rating (Table 9 and Table 10).
67H67H67H62HTable 3 gives also the relationship between the impairment due to the un-weighted white
noise and the carrier to noise ratio (C/N) at the RF input of the television receiver, for both
RF
the AM-VSB and FM modulation format of the carrier.
A further impairment is considered in the Recommendation ITU-R BT.655-7, where the
requirements that shall be fulfilled at the input of the television receiver when an unwanted
signal (television signal or a continuous carrier) interferes with an analogue AM-VSB
terrestrial television signal are indicated.
These requirements are mandatory for the purpose of planning television broadcasting and
give useful guidelines for estimating the requirements needed for a CATV/MATV/SMATV
cable network, where the unwanted interfering signals are mainly generated inside the cable
network due to the non linear distortions of the active equipment.
Taking into account the above factors, the requirements given in 68H68H68H63H 7.4.9 shall be obtained at
system outlet (or terminal input) in operation.
Table 3 – Impairment grade versus un-weighted white noise
Impairment scale Base band un-weighted white noise RF un-weighted white noise
grade Signal to noise ratio: (S/N) Carrier to noise ratio: (C/N)
BBUN RF
dB dB
AM-VSB FM
3 29 36 9
4 33 40 13
4,5 37 44 17
NOTE See Annex A for (C/N) and (S/N) relationship with AM-VSB and FM television modulated signals.
RF BBUN
60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E) – 19 –
Table 4 – Impairment grade versus differential gain
Impairment scale Differential gain
grade %
PAL, NTSC SECAM
3 43 65
4 22 50
4,5 12 39
Table 5 – Impairment grade versus differential phase
Impairment scale Differential phase
grade degrees
NTSC PAL SECAM
3 10 50 65
4 6,2 - 42
4,5 4,5 - 31
Table 6 – Impairment grade versus short time linear distortion (2T pulse)
Impairment scale Short time linear distortion
grade %
3 40
4 23
4,5 18
Table 7 – Impairment grade versus chrominance-luminance gain inequality
Impairment scale Chrominance-luminance gain inequality
grade %
3 63
4 40
4,5 26
Table 8 – Impairment grade versus chrominance-luminance delay inequality
Impairment scale Delay inequality
grade ns
525 lines 625 lines
3 200 400
4 105 230
4,5 65 180
– 20 – 60728-1-2 © IEC:2009(E)
Table 9 – Impairment grade versus echo rating (1μs echo delay)
Impairment scale Echo rating
grade dB
3 18
4 22
4,5 25
Table 10 – Correction factors to be applied for delays different than 1 μs
Echo delay Correction factor
dB
μs
0,2 to 1 −13 to 0 (linear variation versus log scale of delay)
1 to 5 0 to 4 (linear variation versus log scale of delay)
Using the values given in 69H69H69H64HTable 9 and 70H70H70H65HTable 10 the curves of 71H71H71H66HFigure 3 are obtained.
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 4,5
0,1 1,0 10
Echo delay (μs)
IEC 1014/09
Figure 3 – Signal to echo ratio (dB) versus echo delay (μs)
6 Summation of the impairments
6.1 Impairments to be summed
The performance requirements to be obtained at system outlet (SO) or terminal input (TI),
indicated in the clauses above, shall be derived using the laws of summation of the
impairments.
Two main cases are possible. The first case is when the signals received by the antenna
sys
...
IEC 60728-1-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in
operation
Réseaux de distribution par câbles destinés aux signaux de télévision, de
radiodiffusion sonore et aux services interactifs –
Partie 1-2: Exigences de qualité des signaux fournis à la prise murale, en
fonctionnement
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IEC 60728-1-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in
operation
Réseaux de distribution par câbles destinés aux signaux de télévision, de
radiodiffusion sonore et aux services interactifs –
Partie 1-2: Exigences de qualité des signaux fournis à la prise murale, en
fonctionnement
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX V
ICS 33.120.10; 33.160; 35.110 ISBN 978-2-88912-401-5
– 2 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms and definitions . 10
3.2 Abbreviations . 15
4 Methods of measurement . 16
5 Subjective quality of television pictures in relation to the main impairments of the
analogue composite television signal . 17
5.1 Subjective quality scale . 17
5.2 Subjective quality and objective parameters . 17
6 Summation of the impairments . 20
6.1 Impairments to be summed . 20
6.2 Summation laws . 21
6.2.1 General . 21
6.2.2 Voltage addition . 21
6.2.3 Power addition. 22
6.3 Examples . 22
7 Performance requirements in operation . 22
7.1 General . 22
7.2 Impedance . 23
7.3 Performance requirements at the terminal input . 23
7.3.1 Definition . 23
7.3.2 Signal level . 23
7.3.3 Other parameters . 23
7.4 Performance requirements at system outlets . 23
7.4.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels . 23
7.4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets . 23
7.4.3 Isolation between individual outlets in one household . 24
7.4.4 Isolation between forward and return path . 24
7.4.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any
system outlet . 24
7.4.6 Carrier level differences at system outlet . 24
7.4.7 Frequency response within a television channel . 24
7.4.8 Random noise at system outlet . 24
7.4.9 Interference to television channels . 26
Annex A (normative) RF carrier to noise ratio . 28
Annex B (informative) Examples of summation of impairments. 31
Bibliography . 33
Figure 1 – CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network – Performance requirements . 8
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types . 13
Figure 3 – Signal to echo ratio (dB) versus echo delay (µs) . 20
Figure A.1 – Example of a TV receiver IF filter (systems B and G) . 28
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 3 –
Figure A.2 – Example of a demodulated TV signal (systems B and G) . 29
Table 1 – Methods of measurement of IEC 60728-1 applicable in operation . 17
Table 2 – Impairment units versus subjective quality . 17
Table 3 – Impairment grade versus un-weighted white noise . 18
Table 4 – Impairment grade versus differential gain . 19
Table 5 – Impairment grade versus differential phase . 19
Table 6 – Impairment grade versus short time linear distortion (2T pulse) . 19
Table 7 – Impairment grade versus chrominance-luminance gain inequality . 19
Table 8 – Impairment grade versus chrominance-luminance delay inequality . 19
Table 9 – Impairment grade versus echo rating (1µs echo delay) . 20
Table 10 – Correction factors to be applied for delays different than 1 µs . 20
Table 11 – Carrier-to-noise ratios and RF signal-to-noise ratios at system outlet
(television) in operation . 25
Table 12 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at system outlet (radio) in operation . 26
Table B.1 – Examples of voltage addition . 31
Table B.2 – Examples of power addition . 32
– 4 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals
delivered at the system outlet in operation
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-1-2 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This bilingual version, published in 2011-03, corresponds to the English version.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/1531/FDIS 100/1562/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 5 –
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60728 series, published under the general title Cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including equipment and
associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and distribution of
television signals, sound signals and their associated data signals, and for processing, interfacing
and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media.
This includes
• CATV -networks,
• MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas and/or special signal source
inputs to the headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof
is excluded.
The reception of television signals inside a building requires an outdoor antenna and a
distribution network to convey the signal to the TV receivers.
This part of IEC 60728 deals with the requirements that must be fulfilled at the system outlet
or terminal input, when the CATV/MATV/SMATV system is in operation.
These performance requirements for signals at the system outlet or terminal input in operation
are derived from considerations of the characteristics of the received signals at the input of
the headend (see Clause 6 of IEC 60728-1) and the summation of the impairments produced
by the headend, the CATV/MATV/SMATV network and the home network, when the
requirements given in IEC 60728-1 and IEC 60728-1-1 are fulfilled.
This document gives the guidelines for calculation of the operational characteristics at system
outlet, taking into account the performance requirements of the CATV/MATV/SMATV network,
of the home networks and of the received signals, given in the International Standards
IEC 60728-1 and 60728-1-1 prepared by TA 5: Cable networks for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia
systems and equipment.
—————————
This word encompasses the Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks used nowadays to provide telecommunications
services, voice, data, audio and video both broadcast and narrowcast.
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 7 –
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals
delivered at the system outlet in operation
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 provides the minimum performance requirements to be fulfilled in
operation at the system outlet or terminal input and describes the summation criteria for the
impairments present in the received signals and those produced by the CATV/MATV/SMATV
cable network, including individual receiving systems.
NOTE 1 When a change of signal format is made at the headend, the summation of the impairments does not
apply (see also Clause 7).
In a building divided into apartment blocks, the signals received by the antennas are
distributed by the MATV/SMATV cable network up to the home network interface (HNI); the
television signals are then distributed (inside the home) by home networks (HN) of various
types up to the system outlet or terminal input. The cable network can support two way
operation, from the system outlet (or terminal input) towards the headend.
The home network can use coaxial cables, balanced pair cables, fibre optic cables (glass or
plastic) and also wireless links inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) to replace
wired cords.
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to cable networks intended for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services operating between about 5 MHz and 3 000 MHz. The
frequency range is extended to 6 000 MHz for home distribution techniques that replace wired
cords with a wireless two way communication inside a room (or a small number of adjacent
rooms) that uses the 5 GHz to 6 GHz frequency band.
Figure 1 shows the main sections of a general CATV/MATV/SMATV system, indicating the
parts of the IEC 60728-1 series documents where the relevant performance requirements are
indicated.
• The requirements for the signals received at the headend are given in Clause 6 of
IEC 60728-1.
• The requirements for the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network, assuming an unimpaired
input signal at the input of the headend, up to the system outlet are given in IEC 60728-1,
Clause 5.
• The requirements for the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network up to the home network
interface (HNI) are given in IEC 60728-1, Clause 7, assuming an unimpaired input signal
at the input of the headend.
• The specific requirements from HNI to the system outlet or terminal input are given in
IEC 60728-1-1, Clause 5, assuming an unimpaired input signal at the HNI.
• The requirements at the system outlet in operation are given in Clause 7 of this standard.
The expression “in operation” means that the received signals, with their impairments, are
applied to the headend input of the CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network. The requirements at
the system outlet “in operation” are derived, therefore, by summing the impairments of the
various cascaded parts of the system and of the input signal.
– 8 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
When a change of signal format from analogue to analogue (e.g. from FM to AM-VSB) or from
digital to digital (e.g. from QPSK to QAM) or from digital to analogue (e.g. from DVB-S/S2 to
AM-VSB or DVB-T to AM-VSB) is made at the headend, the summation of the impairments
that produce a relaxation of requirements at system outlet does not apply. Such a case will be
the equivalence of unimpaired signals applied at the headend input. Therefore the
requirements at system outlet given in IEC 60728-1 apply.
Performance requirements,
see Clause 7 (in operation)
Antenna system
(or other feeding network)
Satellite
Terrestrial
antenna
antenna
HNI
CATV/MATV/SMATV
Distribution Home network Terminal
Headend
network (HN) equipment
System
oulet
Headend
input
Performance requirements,
see Clause 5 of IEC 60728-1-1
Performance requirements, see Clause 7
(unimpaired input signals)
of IEC 60728-1 (unimpaired input signals)
Performance
requirements,
see Clause 6
Performance requirements, see Clause 5
of IEC 60728-1
of IEC 60728-1 (unimpaired input signals)
IEC 1012/09
Diagram of the main sections of a CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network and the relevant parts
of the IEC 60728-1 series where the requirements are indicated.
Figure 1 – CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network – Performance requirements
This standard also provides references for the basic methods of measurement of the
operational characteristics of the downstream cable network in order to assess its
performance.
All requirements refer to the performance limits to be achieved in operation at any system
outlet when terminated in a resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the system,
unless otherwise specified. Where system outlets are not used, the above applies to the
terminal input.
NOTE 2 If the home network is subdivided into a number of parts, using different transmission media (e.g. coaxial
cabling, balanced cabling, optical cabling, wireless links) the accumulation of degradations should not exceed the
figures given below.
NOTE 3 Performance requirements of return paths as well as special methods of measurement for the use of the
return paths in cable networks are described in IEC 60728-10.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-705, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 705: Radio wave
propagation
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 9 –
IEC 60050-712, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 712: Antennas
IEC 60050-725, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 725: Space
radiocommunications
IEC 60728-1:2007, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-1-1 Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
IEC 60728-3, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive services –
Part 3: Active wideband equipment for coaxial cable networks
IEC 60966-2-4, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-4: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to
3 000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-5, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-5: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to
1 000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-6, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-6: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to
3 000 MHz, IEC 61169-24 connectors
ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-7, Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality
of television pictures
ITU-R Recommendation BT.654, Subjective quality of television pictures in relation to the
main impairments of the analogue composite television signal
ITU-R Recommendation BT.655, Radio-frequency protection ratios for AM vestigial sideband
terrestrial television systems interfered with by unwanted analogue vision signals and their
associated sound signals
ITU-T Recommendation J.61, Transmission performance of television circuits designed for
use in international connections
ITU-T Recommendation J.63, Insertion of test signals in the field-blanking interval of
monochrome and colour television signals
ETSI EN 300 421, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services
ETSI EN 300 429, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for cable systems
ETSI EN 300 473, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Satellite Master Antenna Television
(SMATV) distribution systems
ETSI EN 300 744, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for digital terrestrial television
– 10 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
ETSI EN 302 307, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure,
channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News
Gathering and other broadband satellite applications
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-705,
IEC 60050-712 and IEC 60050-725 apply.
NOTE The most important definitions are repeated below.
3.1.1
active home network
home network that uses active equipment (for example, amplifiers) in addition to passive
equipment such as splitters, taps, system outlets, cables and connectors up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment for distributing and combining RF
signals
3.1.2
antenna
that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required
coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave
propagates
NOTE 1 In practice, the terminals of the antenna or the points to be considered as the interface between the
antenna and the transmitter or receiver should be specified.
NOTE 2 If the transmitter or receiver is connected to its antenna by a feeder line, the antenna may be considered
to be a transducer between the guided radio waves of the feeder line and the radiated waves in space.
[IEV 712-01-01]
3.1.3
attenuation
ratio of the input power to the output power of an equipment or system, expressed in decibels
3.1.4
balun
device for transforming an unbalanced voltage to a balanced voltage or vice-versa
NOTE The term is derived from "balanced to unbalanced transformer".
3.1.5
bit error ratio
BER
ratio between erroneous bits and the total number of transmitted bits
3.1.6
carrier-to-intermodulation ratio
C/I
difference in decibels between the carrier level at a specified point in a piece of equipment or
a system and the level of a specified intermodulation product or combination of products
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 11 –
3.1.7
carrier-to-noise ratio
C/N
difference in decibels between the vision or sound carrier level at a given point in a piece of
equipment or a system and the noise level at that point (measured within a bandwidth
appropriate to the television or radio system in use)
3.1.8
cross-modulation
undesired modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by the modulation of another signal as
a result of equipment or system non-linearities
3.1.9
decibel ratio
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of two quantities of power P and P , that is
1 2
P
10lg in dB
P
NOTE 1 Quantities of power may also be expressed in terms of voltages for a common impedance value (e.g.
75 Ω).
U
20 lg in dB
U
NOTE 2 The abbreviation “lg” in equations signifies “log ”.
3.1.10
directivity
attenuation between output port and interface or tap port minus the attenuation between input
port and interface or tap port, of any equipment or system
3.1.11
distribution amplifier
amplifier designed to feed one or more branch or spur feeders
NOTE This is a general term embracing branch amplifier and spur amplifier.
3.1.12
DOCSIS
EuroDOCSIS
standards defining interface specifications for cable modems and cable modem termination
systems for high-speed data communication over RF cable networks
3.1.13
dwelling unit
DU
home or office where television and sound signals are distributed and where there is access
to interactive services
3.1.14
echo rating
E
result of a system test with a 2T sine-squared pulse (as determined in ITU-T
Recommendation J.61 and ITU-T Recommendation J.63) using the boundary line on a
specified graticule (for example, Figure 29 of IEC 60728-1) within which all parts of the
received pulse fall
– 12 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
NOTE The object of the graticule design is to ensure that the subjective effect of an echo of rating E % is the
same as that of a single echo, with displacement greater than 12T, of (E/2) % relative to the peak amplitude of the
test pulse.
3.1.15
feeder
transmission path forming part of a cable network
NOTE 1 Such a path may consist of a metallic cable, optical fibre, waveguide, or any combination of them.
NOTE 2 By extension, the term is also applied to paths containing one or more radio links.
3.1.16
gain
ratio of the output power to the input power of any equipment or system, expressed in
decibels
3.1.17
headend
equipment which is connected between receiving antennas or other signal sources and the
remainder of the cable networks, to process the signals to be distributed
NOTE The headend may, for example, comprise antenna amplifiers, frequency converters, combiners, separators
and generators.
3.1.18
headend input
interface of the headend where the signals received by antennas or individual feeder lines are
applied for signal processing
3.1.19
home network
HN
RF cable network inside a single dwelling (one-family house or one unit of a multi-dwelling
building) in the SOHO (Small Offices Home Offices) environments or in the rooms of hotels,
hospitals, etc.; the preferred topology of this network is a star
NOTE This network carries television signals, sound signals and interactive services up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment. It may comprise active equipment, passive equipment,
cables and connectors.
3.1.20
home network interface
HNI
interface for access to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and
interactive services inside a home (single dwelling); it is the first accessible point after the
entrance of the network into an individual home (see Figure 2)
NOTE In some cases the home network interface may be coincident with the system outlet. In this case the
performance requirements for a system outlet apply.
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 13 –
Active home network
HNI
Passive home network
HNI
Looped system
outlets
HNI
Single
system
outlet
BNI
IEC 1013/09
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types
3.1.21
intermodulation
process whereby non-linearity of equipment in a system produces output signals (called
intermodulation products) at frequencies which are linear combinations of those of the input
signals
3.1.22
isolation
attenuation between two output, tap or interface ports of any equipment or system
3.1.23
level
decibel ratio of any power P to the standard reference power P , that is
1 0
P
10lg in dB
P
decibel ratio of any voltage U to the standard reference voltage U , that is
1 0
U
20lg in dB
U
NOTE This may be expressed in decibels (relative to 1 µV in 75 Ω) or more simply in dB(µV) if there is no risk of
ambiguity and if based on a common impedance value (e.g. 75 Ω).
3.1.24
multiplex
signals from several separate sources assembled into a single composite signal for
transmission over a common transmission channel
– 14 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
[IEV 721-04-04 modified]
3.1.25
mutual isolation
attenuation between two specified system outlets at any frequency within the range of the
system under investigation which is always specified, for any particular installation, as the
minimum value obtained within specified frequency limits
3.1.26
network interface
NI
interface to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and interactive
services
3.1.27
receiver lead
lead which connects the system outlet to the subscriber’s equipment
NOTE A receiver lead may include filters and balun transformers in addition to the cable.
3.1.28
satellite master antenna television system
SMATV
system which is designed to provide sound and television signals to the outlets of a building
or a group of buildings
NOTE Two system configurations are defined in ETSI EN 300 473 as follows:
SMATV system A, based on transparent transmodulation of QPSK satellite signals into QAM signals to be
distributed to the user;
SMATV system B, based on direct distribution of QPSK signals to the user, with two options:
– SMATV-IF distribution in the satellite IF band (above 950 MHz);
– SMATV-S distribution in the VHF/UHF band, for example in the extended S band (230 MHz… 470 MHz)
3.1.29
S /N
D,RF
signal-to-noise ratio for a digitally modulated signal in the RF band
3.1.30
single dwelling unit
SDU
home or office used by a single owner where television and sound signals are distributed and
there is access to interactive services
3.1.31
SMATV headend
headend in block of flats or in built-up sites to feed TV channels received by satellite into the
house network or the spur network
NOTE In some cases, a distribution point may be connected directly to the headend.
3.1.32
splitter (spur unit)
device in which the signal power at the (input) port is divided equally or unequally between
two or more (output) ports
NOTE Some forms of this device may be used in the reverse direction for combining signal energy.
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 15 –
3.1.33
spur feeder
feeder to which splitters, subscriber taps, or looped system outlets are connected
3.1.34
standard reference power
P
in cable networks, the standard reference power P is 1/75 pW.
NOTE This is the power dissipated in a 75 Ω resistor with a voltage drop of 1 µV across it.
RMS
3.1.35
subscriber feeder
feeder connecting a subscriber tap to a system outlet or, where the latter is not used, directly
to the subscriber equipment
NOTE A subscriber feeder may include filters and balun transformers.
3.1.36
subscriber equipment
equipment at the subscriber premises such as receivers, tuners, decoders, video recorders
3.1.37
subscriber tap
device for connecting a subscriber feeder to a spur feeder
3.1.38
system outlet
SO
device for interconnecting a subscriber feeder and a receiver lead
3.1.39
terminal equipment
equipment (television receiver, radio receiver, set-top box, etc.) able to receive the distributed
signals or to send (via a cable modem) return signals for interactive services
3.1.40
well-matched
matching condition when the return loss of the equipment complies with the requirements of
Table 1 of IEC 60728-3
3.2 Abbreviations
APSK amplitude and phase shift keying AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
BBUW base-band unweighted noise BBWN base-band weighted noise
BER bit error ratio BW bandwidth
C/N carrier-to-noise ratio (ratio of RF CATV community antenna television
or IF power to noise power)
COFDM coded orthogonal frequency DA distribution amplifier
division multiplex
DAB digital audio broadcasting DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service
Interface Specification
DVB digital video broadcasting DVB-C digital video broadcasting
baseline system for digital cable
television (ETSI EN 300 429)
– 16 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
DVB-CS digital video broadcasting DVB-S digital video broadcasting
baseline system for SMATV baseline system for digital
distribution systems satellite television
(ETSI EN 300 473) (ETSI EN 300 421)
DVB-S2 digital video broadcasting DVB-T digital video broadcasting
baseline system for digital baseline system for digital
satellite television second terrestrial television
generation (ETSI EN 302 307) (ETSI EN 300 744)
EuroDO European Data Over Cable FDM frequency division multiplex
CSIS Service Interface Specification
FM frequency modulation HFC Hybrid Fibre Coaxial
HN home network HNI home network interface
ITS insertion test signal LDPC low-density parity check (codes)
LNB low noise block converter MATV master antenna television
(frequency converter in the focal
point of a parabolic antenna)
NB noise bandwidth NICAM near-instantaneously
companded audio multiplex
NTSC national television system OFDM orthogonal frequency division
committee multiplex
PAL phase alternation line PSK phase shift keying
QAM quadrature amplitude modulation QEF quasi-error-free
QPSK quaternary phase shift keying RF radio frequency
RMS root mean square SDU single dwelling unit
SECAM séquenciel couleur à mémoire SMATV satellite master antenna
television
SO system outlet SOHO small office, home office
TI terminal input TS transport stream
TV television UHF ultra-high frequency
VHF very high frequency VSB vestigial side band
4 Methods of measurement
The methods of measurement applicable in operation are concerned mainly with the most
important characteristics and requirements that shall be fulfilled at system outlet (SO) or
terminal input (TI) in operation.
The methods of measurement of the forward path for analogue and/or digitally modulated
carriers indicated in IEC 60728-1 can be applied, using at the headend input the signals
received by the antenna system, carrying suitable test signals (ITS).
60728-1-2 IEC:2009 – 17 –
Table 1 – Methods of measurement of IEC 60728-1 applicable in operation
Modulation of carriers
Analogue Digital
Methods of
Television Radio Television
measurement
FM
Subclause reference
Vision carrier Vision TV Vision and sound Sound Radio
of IEC 60728-1
and sound
AM-VSB DVB
sound carrier
carriers
NTSC PAL SECAM FM FM/AM PSK, QAM OFDM NICAM DAB
APSK
4.4 Chrominance x x
luminance gain and
delay inequalities
4.5 Non-linear x x x x x x
distorsion
4.6 Carrier-to-noise x x x x x
ratio
4.7 Echoes x x x
4.8 AM-VSB television, x x x x x
FM radio and FM
television signal level
4.9 Data echo rating x x x
and data delay
inequality
4.10 Interference in FM x
sound radio channels
4.11 Methods of x x x x
measurement for
digitally modulated
signals
5 Subjective quality of television pictures in relation to the main impairments
of the analogue composite television signal
5.1 Subjective quality scale
The subjective quality of picture and sound signals produced by analogue composite
television signals are evaluated using the five-grade scale contained in ITU-R
Recommendation BT.500-11 and indicated inTable 2.
Table 2 – Impairment units versus subjective quality
Impairment scale
Subjective quality
grade
1 very annoying
2 annoying
3 slightly annoying
4 perceptible but not annoying
5 imperceptible
5.2 Subjective quality and objective parameters
In order to transform the subjective quality of a television picture into objective parameters to
be measured, the following tables will give correspondence between picture quality and
objective parameters for quality grades equal or higher than 3, being the quality grade 4
usually provided by any CATV/MATV/SMATV cable network. Because the highest grade 5
– 18 – 60728-1-2 IEC:2009
means a perfect picture, grade 4,5 is indicated instead in the tables, being of more practical
use.
The relationship between the picture quality and the objective parameter value of each of the
impairments listed below, assuming that only one of them is present at any one time, is
indicated in the ITU-R Recommendation BT.654, where the following impairments are
considered:
• un-weighted white noise in base band (Table 3)
• differential gain (Table 4)
• differential phase (Table 5)
• short time linear distortion (2T pulse) (Table 6)
• chrominance-luminance gain inequality (Table 7)
• chrominance-luminance delay inequality (Table 8)
• echo rating (Table 9 and Table 10).
Table 3 gives also the relationship between the impairment due to the un-weighted white
noise and the carrier to noise ratio (C/N) at the RF input of the television receiver, for both
RF
the AM-VSB and FM modulation format of the carrier.
A further impairment is considered in the Recommendation ITU-R BT.655-7, where the
requirements that shall be fulfilled at the input of the television receiver when an unwanted
...
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