IEC 62282-6-400:2019
(Main)Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems - Power and data interchangeability
Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems - Power and data interchangeability
IEC 62282-6-400:2019 covers the interchangeability of power and data between micro fuel cell power systems and electronic devices to provide the micro fuel cell power system compatibility for a variety of electronic devices while maintaining the safety and performance of the micro fuel cell system. For that purpose, this document covers power interfaces and their connector configuration. The power management circuitry and power sharing methodology are also provided.
This document also covers the data communication protocol and its data specification. Operation modes and alert conditions are also provided for the means to comply with the power control requirements of the electronic device.
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 6-400: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible - Interchangeabilité de la puissance et des données
l’IEC 62282-6-400:2019 traite de l’interchangeabilité de la puissance et des données entre les systèmes à micropiles à combustible et les dispositifs électroniques pour assurer la compatibilité du système à micropiles à combustible pour différents dispositifs électroniques tout en maintenant la sécurité et les performances de ce système. À cet effet, le présent document couvre les interfaces de puissance et la configuration de leur connecteur. Les circuits de gestion d’énergie et la méthode de partage d’énergie sont également spécifiés.
Le présent document traite également du protocole de communication de données et de sa spécification de données. Des modes de fonctionnement et des alertes sont également prévus pour permettre aux moyens de se conformer aux exigences de contrôle de puissance du dispositif électronique.
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IEC 62282-6-400 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems – Power and data interchangeability
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 6-400: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible – Interchangeabilité de la
puissance et des données
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IEC 62282-6-400 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems – Power and data interchangeability
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 6-400: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible – Interchangeabilité de la
puissance et des données
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-6762-2
– 2 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
4 Power interface . 7
4.1 Configuration of micro fuel cell power system . 7
4.2 Type of power hybridization . 8
4.2.1 General . 8
4.2.2 Micro fuel cell power system with internal battery . 8
4.2.3 Micro fuel cell power system without internal battery . 9
4.3 Type of power connector . 9
4.3.1 Micro fuel cell power system as battery replacement . 9
4.3.2 Micro fuel cell power system as external power source . 11
5 Data interface . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Data communication protocol . 13
5.3 Data specification . 13
5.4 Modes of operation of the micro fuel cell power system . 13
5.4.1 General . 13
5.4.2 Power-OFF mode . 14
5.4.3 Battery mode . 14
5.4.4 Start-up mode . 14
5.4.5 Idle mode . 14
5.4.6 Power-ON mode . 14
5.4.7 Hybrid mode . 15
5.5 Alert specification . 15
Bibliography . 16
Figure 1 – Micro fuel cell power system and micro fuel cell power unit block diagram . 5
Figure 2 – Micro fuel cell power system configuration . 8
Figure 3 – Power hybridization of micro fuel cell power system with internal battery . 9
Figure 4 – Power hybridization of micro fuel cell power system without internal battery . 9
Figure 5 – Schematic diagram of power connection in the case of battery replacement . 10
Figure 6 – Power connector of micro fuel cell power system as battery replacement . 10
Figure 7 – Schematic diagram of power connection in the case of external power
source . 11
Figure 8 – Power connector of micro fuel cell power system as AC adapter . 12
Figure 9 – Modes of operation diagram for micro fuel cell power system . 14
Table 1 – Abbreviated terms . 7
Table 2 – Potential data functions for use with micro fuel cell power system . 13
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Power and data interchangeability
FOREWORD
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International Standard IEC 62282-6-400 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
105/721/FDIS 105/724/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Full cell
technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
– 4 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Power and data interchangeability
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 covers the interchangeability of power and data between micro fuel
cell power systems and electronic devices to provide the micro fuel cell power system
compatibility for a variety of electronic devices while maintaining the safety and performance
of the micro fuel cell system. For that purpose, this document covers power interfaces and
their connector configuration. The power management circuitry and power sharing
methodology are also provided.
This document also covers the data communication protocol and its data specification.
Operation modes and alert conditions are also provided for the means to comply with the
power control requirements of the electronic device.
A micro fuel cell power system and micro fuel cell power unit block diagram is shown in
Figure 1. Micro fuel cell power systems and micro fuel cell power units are defined as devices
that are wearable or easily carried by hand, providing DC outputs that do not exceed 60 V DC
and power outputs that do not exceed 240 VA. This document covers the power and data
interfaces between the micro fuel cell power unit and electronic device.
Figure 1 – Micro fuel cell power system and micro fuel cell power unit block diagram
– 6 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC TS 62282-1, Fuel cell technologies – Part 1: Terminology
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC TS 62282-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
stand-alone micro fuel cell power system
micro fuel cell power system intended to provide power to an electronic device by way of a
cable or other external connection
3.1.2
semi-integrated micro fuel cell power system
micro fuel cell power system intended to be removably installed in an electronic device, for
example in a battery port
Note 1 to entry: This type of micro fuel cell power system may be directly connected to the electronic device, and
may have a volume externally protruding from the electronic device.
3.1.3
integrated micro fuel cell power system
micro fuel cell power system that is permanently installed within an electronic device, either at
the time of manufacture, or as an aftermarket feature
Note 1 to entry: This type of micro fuel cell power system may have a permanently installed, refillable internal
reservoir for storage of fuel, or it may have a removable cartridge for storage of fuel.
3.1.4
electronic device
device such as cellular phone, music player, digital camera, camcorder, personal digital
assistant (smartphone, laptop, tablet), mobile game machine or mobile PC, that uses a micro
fuel cell power unit/system
3.1.5
micro fuel cell charger
charger that uses a micro fuel cell power unit/system
3.2 Abbreviated terms
The abbreviated terms are given in Table 1.
Table 1 – Abbreviated terms
Abbreviated term Definition
BMS Battery management system
FMS Fuel cell management system
BOP Balance of plant
CAN Controller area network
EPS External power supply
MFC Micro fuel cell
PDA Personal digital assistant
SBDS Smart battery data specification
SMBC Server message block clock
SMBD Server message block data
SOC State of charge
4 Power interface
4.1 Configuration of micro fuel cell power system
Electronic devices such as notebook PCs and cellular phones generally have four options
available for sourcing power to operate the device:
a) AC adapter port: sources relatively high current, but generally does not enable any data
communication functions;
b) DC adapter port: sources relatively high current, but generally does not enable any data
communication functions;
c) battery port: sources current in the main battery port, or in the auxiliary battery port
(optional), and can provide data communication functions in addition to facilitating
provision of electricity to the device;
d) USB port: sources relatively low current, and generally provides data communication
functions in addition to facilitating provision of electricity to or from the device.
NOTE There is no option for power to be fed in through the serial or parallel ports of any presently known
electronic devices.
Consequently, there are three general types of configuration for power and data
communication between a micro fuel cell power system and an electronic device, as shown in
Figure 2, contemplated in this document:
1) stand-alone micro fuel cell power system: connected to the electronic device by way of an
external connection, such as a cord or connection interface; can function in a similar
manner as an AC adaptor, or must provide power (and/or data) by way of the USB port;
2) semi-integrated micro fuel cell power system: can operate in cooperation with a main
battery, or with an auxiliary battery in an electronic device, or can function as a removable
battery replacement;
3) integrated micro fuel cell power system: a micro fuel cell power system that is
permanently installed in an electronic device. This type of micro fuel cell power system is
outside of the scope of this document.
– 8 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
Figure 2 – Micro fuel cell power system configuration
4.2 Type of power hybridization
4.2.1 General
Subclause 4.2 applies only to the hybridization of micro fuel cell power systems and does not
apply to micro fuel cell power systems that are not hybridized.
4.2.2 Micro fuel cell power system with internal battery
In this case, the micro fuel cell power system utilizes an internal battery within its enclosure.
The micro fuel cell power system can operate as a stand-alone power generator or as an
independent power source. For start-up, the internal battery shall be rated for the power
required to start the micro fuel cell power system. If the internal battery is discharged, the
micro fuel cell power system will prevent start-up until the internal battery is recharged or
sufficient power is provided by an external source.
There are two methods to acquire the start-up power for the micro fuel cell power system:
a) an external charging port inside a compartment within the micro fuel cell power system.
The external charging port can be used to charge the internal battery as well as provide
power to start the micro fuel cell;
b) the required start-up power can be directly obtained from the internal battery; when
dependent on the internal battery for start-up, the MFC power system shall monitor the
battery SOC.
Four types of internal battery power configurations are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Power hybridization of micro fuel cell power system with internal battery
4.2.3 Micro fuel cell power system without internal battery
Subclause 4.2.3 does not apply to micro fuel cell power systems where the input of any
external power for start-up is not necessarily required, even without an internal battery as
mentioned in 4.3.2.
A micro fuel cell power system may be connected to the electronic device for start-up
purposes. If the micro fuel cell power system requires the input of external power for start-up,
it shall draw power for start-up from the electronic device. In such a case, the micro fuel cell
power system can monitor the available power and can prevent start-up if sufficient power is
not available.
Two types of external battery power configurations are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 – Power hybridization of micro fuel cell power system without internal battery
4.3 Type of power connector
4.3.1 Micro fuel cell power system as battery replacement
A micro fuel cell power system is designed to have the same power connector configuration
as a power connector in a battery system in electronic devices. The power manager in
electronic devices can control power from three sources: an internal battery, an AC adaptor,
and a micro fuel cell power system. The micro fuel cell power system can be mounted
internally in the electronic devices or as an external system, but should include the power
interface characteristics of a battery, such as the BMS.
An example of a block diagram between a micro fuel cell power system and electronic devices
is described in Figure 5.
– 10 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
Figure 5 – Schematic diagram of power connection in the case of battery replacement
The fuel cell stack consists of multiple cells and the output voltage will vary with fuel flow, air
flow and its operating temperature. The BOP consists of fuel pumps, fans, air compressors,
sensors and other components needed to operate the fuel cell stack. The battery is used to
power the BOP components during start-up and is recharged by the micro fuel cell power
system after reaching operational conditions. The fuel cell controller manages the fuel and air
to the stack through the BOP control circuit and protects the fuel cell stack by limiting the load
so that the maximum fuel cell power limit is not exceeded. The fuel cell stack temperature is
recorded by the temperature signals. The DC/DC converter is designed to maintain a constant
power output when the current or voltage of the fuel cell stack is changed. The fuel cartridge
can include memory components that act as a measurement of the fuel gauge level so that
the fuel cell controller knows the fuel level in the cartridge. In this case, the power connector
between the micro fuel cell power system and electronic device shall be designed with a
battery connector as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 – Power connector of micro fuel cell power system as battery replacement
With regard to data communication between the micro fuel cell power system and electronic
devices, the fuel cell controller is designed to have a communication port and data protocols.
The details of the data interface are given in Clause 5.
4.3.2 Micro fuel cell power system as external power source
The micro fuel cell power system is externally coupled to the electronic device through a DC
power input port. The power manager in electronic devices can control power from three
sources: an internal battery, an AC adaptor, and a micro fuel cell power system. Generally a
DC input is intended to supply power for the system load in an electronic device and charge
the battery with the rest of the available power. However, a micro fuel cell power system shall
not have enough power for the system load and for charging the battery. Therefore, the power
requirements in electronic devices should be limited until the external power source is
specified. The way to identify an external power source should be included in the power
connector. An example of a block diagram between the micro fuel cell power system and
electronic devices is described in Figure 7.
Figure 7 – Schematic diagram of power connection in the case of external power source
The power monitoring compartment is designed in the electronic device to control the
charging requirement for the battery according to the external power source. In this case, the
battery inside the electronic device or the battery inside the micro fuel cell power system is
used to power the BOP components during start-up and is recharged by the micro fuel cell
power system after reaching operational conditions. When the battery inside the micro fuel
cell power system has reached its lower limit of capacity, the power required for fuel cell start-
up should only be transferred from the battery inside the electronic device. In this case, the
power connector between the micro fuel cell power system and the electronic device should
be designed with the power source identification function, as shown in Figure 8.
– 12 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
Key
P+ power
P– ground
Serial communication: UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, I2C, SPI, etc.)
Figure 8 – Power connector of micro fuel cell power system as AC adapter
With regard to data communication between the micro fuel cell power system and electronic
devices, the fuel cell controller can be designed to communicate through digital or analog
signal wire. The details of the data protocol and its specification are given in Clause 5.
5 Data interface
5.1 General
The micro fuel cell power system generally has a number of differences compared to the
traditional battery in electronic devices. The micro fuel cell power system can be turned on
and off and has a start-up time during which it might not produce power or might produce only
a limited amount of power. The micro fuel cell power system also has maximum power
limitation and is refueled instead of recharged. According to these characteristics, new
functions should be added to the communication protocol and its data specification to allow
for greater control of the micro fuel cell power system. This modified data specification shows
how the micro fuel cell power system can return a data set that is compatible with the
traditional SBDS in electronic devices.
A number of industry standards exist, which provide guidance on USB type interfaces. For
example, IEC 62684 [1] provides interoperability specifications of common EPS for use with
data-enabled mobile telephones, which should be used for micro fuel cell power systems.
Manufacturers may also refer to USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 standards such as IEC 62680-2-2:2015
[4] as well as to other applicable USB standards.
__________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
CAN communication standards have been used to provide reliable communication methods.
ISO 11898-1:2015 [5] should be used in micro fuel cell power systems. Depending on the
requirements of any specific micro fuel cell power system, the communication protocol can
vary, as appropriate.
5.2 Data communication protocol
In the case of micro fuel cell power systems as an external power source, the above-modified
data sets and their specifications can be implanted using single or multi-wire interfaces, as
shown in Figure 8. The fuel cell controller has a communication port that can be programmed
for serial communication protocols as shown in Figure 8. Serial communication protocols can
be used to communicate data sets between a micro fuel cell power system and electronic
devices, such as the operational status of the fuel cell, the fuel level in the cartridge and other
important operational and manufacturer data. Electronic devices can control the micro fuel
cell power system by transferring the encoded control signal which is made in the electronic
device master. The micro fuel cell power system can operate by control signal which is
extracted in the micro fuel cell power system slave. Extracted control signals in the micro fuel
cell power system slave should show the cell system status such as temperature, cell output
voltage, and communication errors. The micro fuel cell power system can transfer the
operating data to the electronic device through the communication port.
5.3 Data specification
To ensure compatibility with the micro fuel cell power system, several new functions may
need to be added to the set of defined functions in conventional battery data specifications,
such as SBDS. The list of new functions is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 – Potential data functions for use with micro fuel cell power system
Command set
Function Description
Access Data
r, w type
Maximum continuous power that the micro fuel cell power system
MFCMax Power r Data
can deliver
Time until the micro fuel cell power system is capable of providing
StartupTime r Bit flags
its MFCMaxPower in seconds
MFCTemp Internal temperature of fuel cell stack in a two byte format r Data
MFCMode Configuration for various state mode of micro fuel cell power system r/w Bit flags
Total runtime that the battery or micro fuel cell power system has
MFCRunTime r Data
accumulated over its lifetime
Communication for various statuses of the micro fuel cell power
MFCStatus system, such as absence of fuel cartridge, presence of optional r Bit flags
battery and alarm conditions
Fuel Cartridge
Data function to report on the amount of fuel left in the cartridge r Data
Status
Key
r: read the data at computer
w: write the data at computer
5.4 Modes of operation of the micro fuel cell power system
5.4.1 General
The operation mode of the micro fuel cell power system shall be defined to allow predictable
state conditions when connecting or disconnecting the micro fuel cell power system to the
electronic device while either one of these is operational.
– 14 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
The defined operation modes for the micro fuel cell power system are described in Figure 9.
Figure 9 – Modes of operation diagram for micro fuel cell power system
5.4.2 Power-OFF mode
The micro fuel cell power system shall enter the "Power-OFF mode" whenever the physical
"ON/OFF switch" is moved to the "OFF" position and will stop communicating through the data
protocol. In this condition the power is removed from the micro fuel cell power system and no
communication will occur. Moreover, the micro fuel cell power system has to enter this mode
automatically in case of any alert signals and/or loss of data communication.
5.4.3 Battery mode
In this mode, the micro fuel cell power system can communicate with the electronic devices.
When the load no longer exists and/or battery charging is complete, the micro fuel cell power
system has to enter "Battery mode". Moreover, the micro fuel cell power system shall
automatically go into "Start-up mode" after entering "Battery mode" in order to prepare to
produce power.
5.4.4 Start-up mode
In this state, the micro fuel cell power system will start to operate to provide power, requiring
a certain amount of time, since it cannot deliver the load power immediately. When it is ready
to deliver power, it should go into "Idle mode" awaiting the command to provide power.
Moreover, the micro fuel cell power system automatically enters this mode by changing
certain predefined function signals related with power-up.
5.4.5 Idle mode
In this mode, the micro fuel cell power system can deliver power and is ready to enter the
"Power-ON mode". This mode can also be used as a low power or standby state where the
micro fuel cell power system waits for the load to be turned on. The micro fuel cell power
system shall also enter "Idle mode" under certain critical alarm conditions.
5.4.6 Power-ON mode
In this mode, the micro fuel cell power system is producing power to the load and can be
charging the battery at the same time. When the load is removed, the micro fuel cell power
system automatically enters "Idle mode" for standby state.
5.4.7 Hybrid mode
When the load power requirements exceed the capability of the micro fuel cell power system,
it operates in conjunction (in parallel) with the battery to produce the required power.
5.5 Alert specification
The micro fuel cell power system can provide significant alerts to the user with an LCD
readout or LED status lights or using the electronic device’s screen. Alert examples for micro
fuel cell power systems are as follows:
– low fuel: warning for cartridge replacement;
– undercharging battery: warning of battery status which still has enough power to start the
micro fuel cell power system, but not enough to boot the electronic device;
– overload: warning of load status when the electronic device requires more power than the
maximum power of the micro fuel cell power system in normal operation can give, or the
expected production power of the micro fuel cell power system required in an abnormal
situation such as low or high ambient temperature;
– starting up: warning of the micro fuel cell power system status when the micro fuel cell
power system is activated, but may not yet be ready to supply power;
– shutting down: warning of the micro fuel cell power system status when the micro fuel cell
power system is under a given condition, such as fuel exhaustion, insufficient air flow, too
hot, too cold or critical safety issues detected.
– 16 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
Bibliography
[1] IEC 62684, Interoperability specifications of common external power supplies (EPS) for
use with data-enabled mobile telephones
[2] IEC 62282-6-100, Fuel cell technologies – Part 6-100: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Safety
[3] IEC 62282-6-200, Fuel cell technologies – Part 6-200: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Performance test methods
[4] IEC 62680-2-2:2015, Universal serial bus interfaces for data and power – Part 2-2:
Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification, Revision 1.01
[5] ISO 11898-1:2015, Road vehicles – Controller area network (CAN) – Part 1: Data link
layer and physical signalling
___________
– 18 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 20
1 Domaine d’application . 22
2 Références normatives . 23
3 Termes, définitions et termes abrégés . 23
3.1 Termes et définitions . 23
3.2 Termes abrégés . 23
4 Interface de puissance . 24
4.1 Configuration du système à micropiles à combustible . 24
4.2 Type d’hybridation de puissance . 25
4.2.1 Généralités . 25
4.2.2 Système à micropiles à combustible avec batterie interne . 25
4.2.3 Système à micropiles à combustible sans batterie interne . 26
4.3 Type de connecteur d’alimentation . 26
4.3.1 Système à micropiles à combustible en cas de remplacement de
batterie . 26
4.3.2 Système à micropiles à combustible en tant que source de puissance
externe . 28
5 Interface de données . 29
5.1 Généralités . 29
5.2 Protocole de communication de données . 30
5.3 Spécification des données . 30
5.4 Modes de fonctionnement du système à micropiles à combustible . 31
5.4.1 Généralités . 31
5.4.2 Mode hors tension . 32
5.4.3 Mode batterie . 32
5.4.4 Mode de démarrage . 32
5.4.5 Mode inactif . 32
5.4.6 Mode sous-tension . 32
5.4.7 Mode hybride . 33
5.5 Spécification d’alertes . 33
Bibliographie . 34
Figure 1 – Schéma fonctionnel d’un système à micropiles à combustible et d’un bloc
d’alimentation à micropiles à combustible . 22
Figure 2 – Configuration du système à micropiles à combustible. 25
Figure 3 – Hybridation de puissance d’un système à micropiles à combustible avec
batterie interne . 26
Figure 4 – Hybridation de puissance d'un système à micropiles à combustible sans
batterie interne . 26
Figure 5 – Schéma fonctionnel de la connexion d’alimentation en cas de remplacement
de batterie . 27
Figure 6 – Connecteur d’alimentation du système à micropiles à combustible en cas de
remplacement de batterie . 27
Figure 7 – Schéma fonctionnel de la connexion d’alimentation dans le cas d’une
source de puissance externe . 28
Figure 8 – Connecteur d’alimentation du système à micropiles à combustible en tant
qu’adaptateur en courant alternatif. 29
Figure 9 – Schéma des modes de fonctionnement du système à micropiles à
combustible . 32
Tableau 1 – Termes abrégés . 24
Tableau 2 – Fonctions de données potentielles à utiliser avec un système à micropiles
à combustible . 31
– 20 – IEC 62282-6-400:2019 © IEC 2019
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
TECHNOLOGIES DES PILES À COMBUSTIBLE –
Partie 6-400: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible –
Interchangeabilité de la puissance et des données
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Électrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l’IEC). L’IEC a pour
objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les que
...
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