IEC 63098-3:2022

Transmitting and receiving equipment for radiocommunication - Radio-over-fibre technologies and their performance standard - Part 3: Radio-over-fibre-based remote radar for foreign object debris (FOD) detection systems

IEC 63098-3:2022 This part of IEC 63098 provides the specifications of the RoF interface connecting the central station (CS) with the remote radar heads (RRHs) in a remote radar system, along with the necessary information to ensure compatibility between vendors and, hence, choose appropriate systems to cover any type of RoF systems for delivering the signal.A remote radar system generally consists of a central station (CS) and remote radar heads (RRHs) connected by radio over fibre (RoF). Each RRH has a maximum detection range of several hundred metres because millimetre waves theoretically undergo a larger propagation loss compared with conventional aeronautical frequencies below 10 GHz. The RoF system is key to enhancing the radar coverage and connecting the CS with the RRHs located along a runway for its entire coverage. To ensure the connection between the CS and RRHs, radio frequency (RF) and optical interfaces should be categorized according to their specifications, specifically, their link characteristics.

Matériaux émetteurs et récepteurs pour les radiocommunications - Technologies radio sur fibre et leur norme de performance - Partie 3: Radar distant fondé sur la radio sur fibre pour système de détection des objets intrus (FOD)

IEC 63098-3:2022 La présente partie de l’IEC 63098 spécifie l’interface RoF établissant la connexion de la station centrale avec les têtes radar distantes dans un système radar distant, et fournit aussi les informations nécessaires pour assurer la compatibilité entre les fournisseurs et, par conséquent, choisir des systèmes appropriés qui permettent de couvrir tous les types de systèmes RoF quels qu’ils soient pour la transmission du signal.
Un système radar distant est généralement constitué d’une station centrale (CS – central station) et de têtes radar distantes (RRHs – remote radar heads) dont la connexion s’effectue par les technologies radio sur fibre (RoF – radio over fibre). La portée de détection maximale de chaque RRH atteint plusieurs centaines de mètres étant donné que les ondes millimétriques subissent un affaiblissement de propagation théorique plus important par comparaison avec les fréquences aéronautiques traditionnelles en dessous de 10 GHz. Le système RoF est fondamental pour améliorer la couverture radar et connecter la CS avec les RRH situées parallèlement à la piste, afin de couvrir sa totalité.
Afin de garantir la connexion entre la CS et les RRH, il convient que les interfaces RF et optiques soient catégorisées selon leurs spécifications, plus particulièrement leurs caractéristiques de liaison.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Dec-2022
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• Technical Committee: TC 103 - Transmitting and receiving equipment for radiocommunication
• Drafting Committee: WG 6 - TC 103/WG 6
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 23-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 07-Dec-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 63098-3
®

Edition 1.0 2022-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE


Transmitting and receiving equipment for radiocommunication – Radio-over
fibre technologies and their performance standard –
Part 3: Radio-over-fibre-based remote radar for foreign object debris (FOD)
detection systems

Matériaux émetteurs et récepteurs pour les radiocommunications –
Technologies radio sur fibre et leur norme de performance –
Partie 3: Radar distant fondé sur la radio sur fibre pour système de détection
des objets intrus (FOD)

IEC 63098-3:2022-12(en-fr)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 63098-3

®


Edition 1.0 2022-12




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME


INTERNATIONALE











Transmitting and receiving equipment for radiocommunication – Radio-over

fibre technologies and their performance standard –

Part 3: Radio-over-fibre-based remote radar for foreign object debris (FOD)

detection systems



Matériaux émetteurs et récepteurs pour les radiocommunications –


Technologies radio sur fibre et leur norme de performance –

Partie 3: Radar distant fondé sur la radio sur fibre pour système de détection

des objets intrus (FOD)











INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 33.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-6087-6



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
4 RoF system in remote radar system . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Structures . 7
4.3 Operating frequency range . 8
4.4 Operating environment . 8
5 Testing . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Temperature . 9
5.3 Warming-up of the measuring equipment . 9
6 Specifications for RoF links of remote radar systems . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Laser safety . 9
6.3 Physical interface of the RoF system . 9
6.3.1 RF interfaces . 9
6.3.2 Optical interfaces . 9
6.3.3 Power supply interface . 9
6.4 Optical specifications . 10
6.4.1 Wavelength . 10
6.4.2 Operating optical output power . 10
6.4.3 Operating optical input power . 10
6.4.4 Absolute optical input limit . 10
6.4.5 Optical return loss . 10
6.5 RF specifications . 10
6.5.1 Operating RF range . 10
6.5.2 Dynamic range . 10
6.5.3 Absolute RF input power . 10
6.5.4 RF return loss . 10
6.5.5 Multiplication factor. 10
Annex A (informative) Examples of the architecture of remote radars . 11
A.1 Example of a remote radar system for FOD detection . 11
A.2 Example of a multi-static remote radar system for FOD detection . 12
Bibliography . 15

Figure 1 – Structure of a remote radar system . 8
Figure A.1 – Structure of a FOD detection system . 11
Figure A.2 – Structure of a multi-static radar system . 12

Table 1 – Operating environment . 8
Table A.1 – Specifications of an RoF transceiver interface for a remote radar system . 12
Table A.2 – Specifications of RoF transceiver interfaces for a multi-static radar system . 13

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IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING EQUIPMENT FOR
RADIOCOMMUNICATION – RADIO-OVER-FIBRE
TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR PERFORMANCE STANDARD –

Part 3: Radio-over-fibre-based remote radar for foreign
object debris (FOD) detection systems

FOREWORD
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63098-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 103: Transmitting and receiving
equipment for radiocommunication. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
103/245/FDIS 103/250/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

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– 4 – IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63098 series, published under the general title Transmitting and
receiving equipment for radiocommunication – Radio‑over-fibre technologies and their
performance standard, can be found on the IEC website.
Future documents in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
documents in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
A remote radar system generally consists of a central station (CS) and remote radar heads
(RRHs) connected by radio over fibre (RoF). Each RRH has a maximum detection range of
several hundred metres because millimetre waves theoretically undergo a larger propagation
loss compared with conventional aeronautical frequencies below 10 GHz. The RoF system is
key to enhancing the radar coverage and connecting the CS with the RRHs located along a
runway for its entire coverage.
To ensure the connection between the CS and RRHs, radio frequency (RF) and optical
interfaces should be categorized according to their specifications, specifically, their link
characteristics.

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– 6 – IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022
TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING EQUIPMENT FOR
RADIOCOMMUNICATION – RADIO-OVER-FIBRE
TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR PERFORMANCE STANDARD –

Part 3: Radio-over-fibre-based remote radar for foreign
object debris (FOD) detection systems


1 Scope
This part of IEC 63098 provides the specifications of the RoF interface connecting the central
station (CS) with the remote radar heads (RRHs) in a remote radar system, along with the
necessary information to ensure compatibility between vendors and, hence, choose appropriate
systems to cover any type of RoF systems for delivering the signal.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62149-10:2018, Fibre optic active components and devices – Performance standards –
Part 10: Radio-over-fibre (RoF) transceivers for mobile fronthaul
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
system input level
electrical or optical input level to the system
3.1.2
system output level
electrical or optical output level from the system
3.1.3
frequency multiplication factor
order of harmonic RF output that is derived from the optical or electrical system
3.1.4
input frequency range
RF frequency range accepted by the system

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IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022 – 7 –
3.1.5
output frequency range
RF frequency range emitted by the system
3.1.6
frequency flatness
deviation of the RF output within the output frequency range
3.2 Abbreviated terms
CS central station
DUT device under test
FM-CW frequency-modulated continuous wave
IF intermediate frequency
LO local oscillation
RF radio frequency
RoF Rx RoF receiver
RoF Tx RoF transmitter
RRH remote radar head
SMF single-mode fibre

4 RoF system in remote radar system
4.1 General
Radars detect objects that transmit radio waves and measure the reflected waves.
A multi-radar system would require a larger coverage than a single-radar system. To satisfy
this requirement, a remote radar system whose radar heads are connected by RoF is necessary.
To transfer the transmitting and receiving signals, at least one pair of RoF links can be installed.
In order to ensure the connectivity between the CS and RRHs, this document specifies the
performance of the RoF system using this purpose.
4.2 Structures
A remote radar system exchanges the signals between the CS and RRHs. Figure 1 illustrates
the typical structure of a remote radar system where the CS and an RRH are connected through
RoF links. Some types of remote radar systems can be equipped with multiple RRHs to widen
their coverage. The basic structure of a remote radar system consists of the following
components:
– central station,
– remote radar head,
– transmission RoF Tx,
– transmission RoF Rx,
– reference RoF Tx,
– reference RoF Rx,
– reception RoF Tx,
– reception RoF Rx.

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– 8 – IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022
Three types of RoF links are included in the radar architecture and depend on it. The RoF
transmission link feeds the signal for the transmission to the radar. The RoF reference link
provides the signal for the frequency reference in the radar for down-converting the received
signal. The RoF reception link sends the received and down-converted signal to the radar. Each
type of RoF link treats the signal in the original RF, harmonic frequency or intermediate
frequency (IF) depending on the radar system architecture.
At least one RoF link is installed to connect a remote radar head depending on the radar
architecture. Each RoF link has different requirements for the purpose of transmitted signal.
Several examples of remote radar systems are introduced in Annex A.

Figure 1 – Structure of a remote radar system
4.3 Operating frequency range
The frequency range of the RoF system is significantly changed between RF and IF. The
adequate operating RF range is selected for each RoF link to cover the operation range of the
remote radar system.
The RoF transmission and reference links have a higher frequency range than the RoF
reception one. To ensure connectivity, the RoF links should be chosen to cover the frequency
range of each RoF link for the target purpose.
Moreover, a frequency multiplier can be installed in the RoF transmission and local oscillation
(LO) link to obtain a higher frequency. The frequency multiplication is also derived into the
optical or electrical section or both; to clarify the whole performance of all the RoF links, this
frequency multiplication factor should be considered for the design of the remote radar systems.
4.4 Operating environment
The standard environment of an RoF system for the remote radar system is described in Table 1.
Table 1 – Operating environment
Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Minimum Maximum
T
Operating temperature −20 +60 °C
op
(case)

The special conditions of the operating environment can be specified by the customer who
operates the remote radar systems under severe weather.

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IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022 – 9 –
5 Testing
5.1 General
This Clause 5 specifies the testing conditions to adopt for characterizing the RoF links. The
other performance test plan shall be followed in accordance with IEC 62149-10:2018, Annex A.
5.2 Temperature
All the test measurements should be performed in a room at three different temperatures, that
is, at 0 °C, 25 °C and 60 °C. If the operating temperature range of the measuring instruments
is narrower than this range, their specifications should be followed. The measurement
temperature should be controlled within ±5 °C to minimize the influence of the temperature drift
of the measuring instruments. The DUT temperature can be changed using a controller to verify
the temperature dependence of the measured parameters as necessary.
5.3 Warming-up of the measuring equipment
The warming-up time shall be typically 60 min or follow the specifications of the measuring
equipment. Moreover, the warming-up time should be taken to be the longest among all of the
measuring equipment.
6 Specifications for RoF links of remote radar systems
6.1 General
This Clause 6 specifies the physical requirements of the RoF links that enable the
interchangeability of the elements.
6.2 Laser safety
Fibre optic transmitters and transceivers using the laser diode specified in this document shall
be Class 1–3R lasers certified under any operating condition, including single-fault conditions,
whether coupled into a fibre or with an open bore. They shall also be certified to conform to
IEC 60825-1.
6.3 Physical interface of the RoF system
6.3.1 RF interfaces
The RF input and output ports of, respectively, the RoF transmitter and receiver shall be a
standard type of RF connectors with an appropriate cut-off frequency including the whole
operating RF range of the RoF link. The selected connector type and gender should be specified.
6.3.2 Optical interfaces
The optical output and input ports of, respectively, the RoF transmitter and receiver shall be a
standard type of optical connectors to ensure SMF connectivity. The selected connector and
physical contact types should be specified.
6.3.3 Power supply interface
The power supply interface for the internal circuits of the RoF links shall be attached to their
enclosure. Optical ports for optical power transmission can also be attached if an optical power
transmitter is installed.

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– 10 – IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022
6.4 Optical specifications
6.4.1 Wavelength
The wavelength of the RoF system shall be specified. The wavelength of the RoF transmitter
should be within the acceptable range of the RoF receiver.
6.4.2 Operating optical output power
The operating optical output power shall be specified as the optical output level measured at
the RoF transmitter port, and it should not exceed the absolute optical input limit of the RoF
receiver.
6.4.3 Operating optical input power
The operating optical input power of the RoF receiver shall be specified as the optical input
level without any distortion by saturation of the RF signal transmission. The loss of the optical
distribution line should be compensated by inserting an optical amplifier to maintain the optical
input dynamic range of the RoF receiver.
6.4.4 Absolute optical input limit
The absolute optical input limit shall be specified to prevent the system from breaking.
6.4.5 Optical return loss
The optical return loss of the optical input of the RoF receiver shall be specified to avoid the
mismatch of the optical section.
6.5 RF specifications
6.5.1 Operating RF range
The frequency response shall be measured by providing the operating optical input power. The
operating RF range is determined by the frequency response measured within the frequency
flatness, and its boundary depends on the low/high cut-off frequency.
6.5.2 Dynamic range
The RF input/output dynamic range shall be measured by providing the RF input. According to
the multiplication factor, the RF output level is proportional to the theoretical prediction. The
upper boundary of the RF input/output level is measured at the point which is 1 dB lower than
the proportional curves.
6.5.3 Absolute RF input power
The absolute RF input limit shall be specified to prevent the system from breaking.
6.5.4 RF return loss
The RF return loss of the RF input of the RoF system shall be specified to avoid the mismatch
of the RF section in the operating RF range.
6.5.5 Multiplication factor
The multiplication factor of the RoF transmitter should be specified to consider the RF output
range.

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IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022 – 11 –
Annex A
(informative)

Examples of the architecture of remote radars
A.1 Example of a remote radar system for FOD detection
A typical remote radar system is schematized in Figure A.1.

Figure A.1 – Structure of a FOD detection system
The CS and four RRHs are equipped with, respectively, a transmission RoF Tx and a
transmission RoF Rx. The radar transmits FM-CW signals within the range of 92 GHz to
100 GHz. The RoF system distributes the transmission signal in 1/3 of the transmission
frequency. The system uses the transmission waveform as the reference signal at the RRH.
The received signal is down-converted into an IF signal by utilizing the transmission waveform;
the reception signal is also digitized after amplification of the IF signal. Therefore, two functions
of the signalling systems are incorporated into the transmission RoF systems. Table A.1
summarizes typical specifications of the corresponding RoF system.

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– 12 – IEC 63098-3:2022 © IEC 2022
Table A.1 – Specifications of an RoF transceiver interface for a remote radar system
Transmission RoF Tx
RF connector type SMA female
RF input frequency range 15,33 to 16,66 GHz
RF input level +15 dBm
RF
...