IEC TR 61000-1-4:2005
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 1-4: General - Historical rationale for the limitation of power-frequency conducted harmonic current emissions from equipment, in the frequency range up to 2 kHz
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 1-4: General - Historical rationale for the limitation of power-frequency conducted harmonic current emissions from equipment, in the frequency range up to 2 kHz
This part of IEC 61000, which is an IEC technical report, reviews the sources and effects of power frequency conducted harmonic current emissions in the frequency range up to 2 kHz on the public electricity supply, and gives an account of the reasoning and calculations leading to the existing emission limits for equipment in the editions of IEC 61000-3-2, up to and including the second edition (2000) and its first amendment (2001), and in the first edition of IEC 61000-3-12 (2004). The concepts in this technical report apply to all low voltage AC systems, but the numerical values apply specifically to the European 230 V/400 V 50 Hz system.
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TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 61000-1-4
First edition
2005-05
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 1-4:
General – Historical rationale for the limitation
of power-frequency conducted harmonic current
emissions from equipment, in the frequency range
up to 2 kHz
Reference number
IEC/TR 61000-1-4:2005(E)
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
Consolidated editions
The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example,
edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the
base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating
amendments 1 and 2.
Further information on IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to
this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of
publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken
by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list
of publications issued, is also available from the following:
• IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch)
• Catalogue of IEC publications
The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/searchpub) enables you to
search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical committees
and date of publication. On-line information is also available on recently issued
publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as corrigenda.
• IEC Just Published
This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/online_news/ justpub)
is also available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see
below) for further information.
• Customer Service Centre
If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance,
please contact the Customer Service Centre:
Email: custserv@iec.ch
Tel: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 61000-1-4
First edition
2005-05
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 1-4:
General – Historical rationale for the limitation
of power-frequency conducted harmonic current
emissions from equipment, in the frequency range
up to 2 kHz
IEC 2005 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale X
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – TR 61000-1-4 IEC:2005(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Definitions .8
4 General appraisal .8
5 Acceptable provisions in standards related to regulatory legislation.9
6 History of IEC 61000-3-2 and its predecessors .10
6.1 Before 1960 .10
6.2 1960 to 1975 .10
6.3 1975 to 1982 .11
6.4 1982 to 1995 .11
6.5 1995 to 2000 .13
6.6 The 'Millennium Amendment' .14
6.7 Future development of IEC 61000-3-2 .14
7 History of IEC 61000-3-12 and its predecessor.14
7.1 1989 to 1998 .14
7.2 After 1998 .15
8 Economic considerations taken into account in setting limits in IEC 61000-3-2
before publication in 1995, and before the finalization of the text of the Millennium
Amendment .15
Annex A (informative) Compatibility level and compensation factor .16
Annex B (informative) Comparison of Class A limits and the harmonic spectra of
phase-controlled dimmers of incandescent lamps at 90° firing angle.20
Annex C (informative) Comparison of Class C ( Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-2) limits and
the harmonic spectrum of a discharge lamp with inductive ballast.21
Annex D (informative) Comparison of Class D limits and the harmonic spectra of
capacitor-filtered single-phase rectifiers with 35° and 65° conduction angles .22
Annex E (informative) Economic considerations taken into account in setting limits,
before finalization of the text of the Millennium Amendment to IEC 61000-3-2 .23
Annex F (Informative) Concept plan for the full revision of IEC 61000-3-2.25
Annex G (informative) Derivation of the limits in IEC 61000-3-12 .27
Annex H (informative) Explanation of the reasons for using the concepts of total
harmonic distortion (THD) and partial weighted harmonic distortion (PWHD) .39
Bibliography.41
Figure 1 – Diagram showing compatibility level in relation to disturbance and
immunity levels .9
Figure A.1 – Allocation of harmonic voltage drops over the transformer impedances in
a typical system .17
Figure B.1 – Comparison of Class A limits and spectra of dimmers.20
Figure C.1 – Comparison of Class C limits and the harmonic spectrum
of a discharge lamp .21
TR 61000-1-4 IEC:2005(E) – 3 –
Figure D.1 – Comparison of Class D limits and harmonic spectra of single-phase
230 W rectifiers with capacitor filters .22
Figure E.1 – Illustration of the concept of total aggregate cost trade-offs for meeting
compatibility levels.24
Figure H.1a – Diagram of a LV system consisting of a transformer, a busbar and n
equal feeders.40
Figure H.1b – Equivalent circuit for the LV system with "fictitious" feeders.40
Figure H.2 – Relative total distortion weight “tdw” as a function of the short-circuit
ratio R .40
sce
Table A.1 – Compensation factors k .18
p,h
Table A.2 – Sub-factors of k .19
p,h
Table G.1 – Relative total distortion weight depending on the point x where the
distorting load is connected .31
Table G.2 – Comparison of limit values of IEC 61000-3-12 (columns 2 and 4) with the
approximation by equation (8) (columns 3 and 5).32
Table G.3 – Compatibility levels.35
Table G.4 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for one piece of single phase
equipment (from Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-12) .35
Table G.5 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for one piece of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 3 of IEC 61000-3-12) .36
Table G.6 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for one piece of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-12): .36
Table G.7 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of single phase
equipment (from Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-12) .36
Table G.8- Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 3 of IEC 61000-3-12): .37
Table G.9 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-12): .37
Table G.10 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of single phase
equipment (from Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-12): .37
Table G.11- Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 3 of IEC 61000-3-12): .38
Table G.12 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-12): .38
– 4 – TR 61000-1-4 IEC:2005(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –
Part 1-4: General – Historical rationale for the limitation
of power-frequency conducted harmonic current emissions
from equipment, in the frequency range up to 2 kHz
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Norm
...
TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 61000-1-4
First edition
2005-05
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 1-4:
General – Historical rationale for the limitation
of power-frequency conducted harmonic current
emissions from equipment, in the frequency range
up to 2 kHz
Reference number
IEC/TR 61000-1-4:2005(E)
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
Consolidated editions
The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example,
edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the
base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating
amendments 1 and 2.
Further information on IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to
this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of
publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken
by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list
of publications issued, is also available from the following:
• IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch)
• Catalogue of IEC publications
The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/searchpub) enables you to
search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical committees
and date of publication. On-line information is also available on recently issued
publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as corrigenda.
• IEC Just Published
This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/online_news/ justpub)
is also available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see
below) for further information.
• Customer Service Centre
If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance,
please contact the Customer Service Centre:
Email: custserv@iec.ch
Tel: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 61000-1-4
First edition
2005-05
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 1-4:
General – Historical rationale for the limitation
of power-frequency conducted harmonic current
emissions from equipment, in the frequency range
up to 2 kHz
IEC 2005 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale X
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – TR 61000-1-4 IEC:2005(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Definitions .8
4 General appraisal .8
5 Acceptable provisions in standards related to regulatory legislation.9
6 History of IEC 61000-3-2 and its predecessors .10
6.1 Before 1960 .10
6.2 1960 to 1975 .10
6.3 1975 to 1982 .11
6.4 1982 to 1995 .11
6.5 1995 to 2000 .13
6.6 The 'Millennium Amendment' .14
6.7 Future development of IEC 61000-3-2 .14
7 History of IEC 61000-3-12 and its predecessor.14
7.1 1989 to 1998 .14
7.2 After 1998 .15
8 Economic considerations taken into account in setting limits in IEC 61000-3-2
before publication in 1995, and before the finalization of the text of the Millennium
Amendment .15
Annex A (informative) Compatibility level and compensation factor .16
Annex B (informative) Comparison of Class A limits and the harmonic spectra of
phase-controlled dimmers of incandescent lamps at 90° firing angle.20
Annex C (informative) Comparison of Class C ( Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-2) limits and
the harmonic spectrum of a discharge lamp with inductive ballast.21
Annex D (informative) Comparison of Class D limits and the harmonic spectra of
capacitor-filtered single-phase rectifiers with 35° and 65° conduction angles .22
Annex E (informative) Economic considerations taken into account in setting limits,
before finalization of the text of the Millennium Amendment to IEC 61000-3-2 .23
Annex F (Informative) Concept plan for the full revision of IEC 61000-3-2.25
Annex G (informative) Derivation of the limits in IEC 61000-3-12 .27
Annex H (informative) Explanation of the reasons for using the concepts of total
harmonic distortion (THD) and partial weighted harmonic distortion (PWHD) .39
Bibliography.41
Figure 1 – Diagram showing compatibility level in relation to disturbance and
immunity levels .9
Figure A.1 – Allocation of harmonic voltage drops over the transformer impedances in
a typical system .17
Figure B.1 – Comparison of Class A limits and spectra of dimmers.20
Figure C.1 – Comparison of Class C limits and the harmonic spectrum
of a discharge lamp .21
TR 61000-1-4 IEC:2005(E) – 3 –
Figure D.1 – Comparison of Class D limits and harmonic spectra of single-phase
230 W rectifiers with capacitor filters .22
Figure E.1 – Illustration of the concept of total aggregate cost trade-offs for meeting
compatibility levels.24
Figure H.1a – Diagram of a LV system consisting of a transformer, a busbar and n
equal feeders.40
Figure H.1b – Equivalent circuit for the LV system with "fictitious" feeders.40
Figure H.2 – Relative total distortion weight “tdw” as a function of the short-circuit
ratio R .40
sce
Table A.1 – Compensation factors k .18
p,h
Table A.2 – Sub-factors of k .19
p,h
Table G.1 – Relative total distortion weight depending on the point x where the
distorting load is connected .31
Table G.2 – Comparison of limit values of IEC 61000-3-12 (columns 2 and 4) with the
approximation by equation (8) (columns 3 and 5).32
Table G.3 – Compatibility levels.35
Table G.4 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for one piece of single phase
equipment (from Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-12) .35
Table G.5 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for one piece of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 3 of IEC 61000-3-12) .36
Table G.6 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for one piece of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-12): .36
Table G.7 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of single phase
equipment (from Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-12) .36
Table G.8- Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 3 of IEC 61000-3-12): .37
Table G.9 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-12): .37
Table G.10 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of single phase
equipment (from Table 2 of IEC 61000-3-12): .37
Table G.11- Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 3 of IEC 61000-3-12): .38
Table G.12 – Maximum harmonic currents and voltages for n pieces of balanced three
phase equipment (from Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-12): .38
– 4 – TR 61000-1-4 IEC:2005(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –
Part 1-4: General – Historical rationale for the limitation
of power-frequency conducted harmonic current emissions
from equipment, in the frequency range up to 2 kHz
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publicat
...
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