IEC 61400-1:1999

Wind turbine generator systems - Part 1: Safety requirements

Deals with safety aspects, quality assurance and engineering integrity, and specifies safety requirements for design, installation and operation of wind turbine generator systems.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Feb-1999
• ICS: 27.180 - Wind turbine energy systems
• Technical Committee: TC 88 - Wind energy generation systems
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 31-Aug-2005

Relations

• Revised: IEC 61400-1:2005 - Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL
IEC
STANDARD
61400-1
Second edition
1999-02
Wind turbine generator systems –
Part 1:
Safety requirements
Aérogénérateurs –
Partie 1:
Spécifications de sécurité
Reference number
Numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series.
Consolidated publications
Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are

available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the
base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base

publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2.

Validity of this publication
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.
Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available
in the IEC catalogue.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by
the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of
publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources:
• IEC web site*
• Catalogue of IEC publications
Published yearly with regular updates
(On-line catalogue)*
• IEC Bulletin
Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical
Terminology, graphical and letter symbols
For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC 60050: International Electro-
technical Vocabulary (IEV).
For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for
general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be
used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment.
Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols
for diagrams.
* See web site address on title page.

INTERNATIONAL
IEC
STANDARD
61400-1
Second edition
1999-02
Wind turbine generator systems –
Part 1:
Safety requirements
Aérogénérateurs –
Partie 1:
Spécifications de sécurité
 IEC 1999  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: [phone] e-mail: [e-mail] IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
XA
International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – 61400-1 © IEC:1999(E)
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 5

INTRODUCTION . 6

Clause
1 Scope and object . 7

2 Normative references . 7

3 Terms and definitions. 8

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 16
4.1 Symbols and units. 16
4.2 Abbreviations . 17
5 Principal elements. 18
5.1 General. 18
5.2 Design methods . 18
5.3 Safety classes. 18
5.4 Quality assurance . 18
5.5 Wind turbine markings . 19
6 External conditions. 19
6.1 General. 19
6.2 WTGS classes . 19
6.3 Wind conditions . 20
6.4 Other environmental conditions . 28
6.5 Electrical power network conditions . 29
7 Structural design . 29
7.1 General. 29
7.2 Design methodology. 30
7.3 Loads. 30
7.4 Design situations and load cases . 31
7.5 Load calculations . 34
7.6 Ultimate limit state analysis . 34
8 Control and protection system . 39
8.1 General. 39
8.2 Wind turbine control . 40

8.3 Wind turbine protection . 40
8.4 Functional requirements of the control and protection system . 41
9 Mechanical systems . 41
9.1 General. 41
9.2 Errors of fitting . 41
9.3 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems . 41
10 Electrical system . 42
10.1 General. 42
10.2 General requirements for the WTGS electrical system . 42
10.3 Protective devices. 42
10.4 Disconnect devices . 42
10.5 Earth system. 42
10.6 Lightning protection. 43

61400-1  IEC:1999(E) − 3 −
Clause Page
10.7 Electrical cables. 43

10.8 Self-excitation . 43

10.9 Over-voltage protection . 43

10.10 Harmonics and power conditioning equipment . 43

11 Assessment of external conditions. 43

11.1 General. 43

11.2 Assessment of wind conditions. 44

11.3 Assessment of other environmental conditions . 44

11.4 Assessment of electrical network conditions . 45
11.5 Assessment of soil conditions . 45
12 Assembly, installation and erection. 45
12.1 General. 45
12.2 Planning. 46
12.3 Installation conditions. 46
12.4 Site access . 46
12.5 Environmental conditions . 46
12.6 Documentation. 46
12.7 Receiving, handling and storage. 47
12.8 Foundation/anchor systems. 47
12.9 Assembly of WTGS. 47
12.10 Erection of WTGS . 47
12.11 Fasteners and attachments . 47
12.12 Cranes, hoists and lifting equipment . 47
13 Commissioning, operation and maintenance . 48
13.1 General. 48
13.2 Commissioning . 48
13.3 Operations . 49
13.4 Inspection and maintenance. 50
Annex A (normative) Design parameters for describing WTGS class S. 52
Annex B (normative) Stochastic turbulence models . 53
Annex C (normative) Deterministic turbulence description . 55

Annex D (informative) Bibliography . 57
Tables
Table 1 – Basic parameters for WTGS classes . 20
Table 2 – Design load cases. 32
Table 3 – Partial safety factors for loads γ . 37
f
Table 4 – General partial safety factors for materials for inherent variability. 37
Table B.1 – Turbulence spectral parameters for Kaimal model . 53

– 4 – 61400-1 © IEC:1999(E)
Figures
Figure 1 – Characteristic wind turbulence. 22

Figure 2 – Example of extreme operating gust . 24

Figure 3 – Example of extreme direction change magnitude . 25

Figure 4 – Example of extreme direction change. 25

Figure 5 – Extreme coherent gust (ECG) . 25

Figure 6 – The direction change for ECD . 26

Figure 7 – Time development of direction change for V = 25 m/s . 26
hub
Figure 8 – Extreme vertical wind shear, wind profile before onset and at maximum shear. 27
Figure 9 – Wind speeds at rotor top and bottom respectively illustrate the
time development of wind shear. 27

61400-1  IEC:1999(E) − 5 −
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

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WIND TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEMS –

Part 1: Safety requirements
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
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for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has repre
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