CISPR 36:2020
(Main)Electric and hybrid electric road vehicles - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers below 30 MHz
Electric and hybrid electric road vehicles - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers below 30 MHz
CISPR 36:2020 defines limits for 3 m measurement distance and methods of measurement that are designed to provide protection for off-board receivers (at 10 m distance) in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz when used in the residential environment.
NOTE Protection of receivers used on board the same vehicle as the disturbance source(s) is covered by CISPR 25.
This document applies to the emission of electromagnetic energy which might cause interference to radio reception and which is emitted from electric and hybrid electric vehicles propelled by an internal traction battery (see 3.2 and 3.3) when operated on the road. This document applies to vehicles that have a traction battery voltage between 100 V and 1 000 V.
Electric vehicles to which CISPR 14-1 applies are not in the scope of this document. This document applies only to road vehicles where an electric propulsion is used for sustained speed of more than 6 km/h. Vehicles where the electric motor is only used to start up the internal combustion engine (e.g. "micro hybrid") and vehicles where the electric motor is used for additional propulsion only during acceleration (e.g. "48 V mild hybrid vehicles") are not in the scope of this document. The radiated emission requirements in this document are not applicable to the intentional transmissions from a radio transmitter as defined by the ITU including their spurious emissions. Annex C lists work being considered for future revisions.
Véhicules routiers électriques et hybrides électriques - Caractéristiques de perturbations radioélectriques - Limites et méthodes de mesure pour la protection des récepteurs extérieurs en dessous de 30 MHz
CISPR 36:2020 définit les limites pour une distance de mesure de 3 m et des méthodes de mesure visant à assurer la protection des récepteurs extérieurs (à une distance de 10 m) dans la plage de fréquences comprise entre 150 kHz et 30 MHz et dans le cadre d'une utilisation dans un environnement résidentiel.
NOTE Pour la protection des récepteurs installés dans le même véhicule que les sources de perturbation, la CISPR 25 s'applique.
Le présent document concerne le rayonnement d'énergie électromagnétique qui peut brouiller la réception des radiocommunications et qui est produit par les véhicules électriques et hybrides électriques dont la propulsion est assurée par une batterie de traction interne (voir 3.2 et 3.3) lorsqu'ils circulent sur la route. Le présent document s'applique aux véhicules dont la tension de la batterie de traction est comprise entre 100 V et 1 000 V.
Les véhicules électriques auxquels la CISPR 14-1 s'applique ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application du présent document . Le présent document s'applique uniquement aux véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique dont la vitesse soutenue en rampe est supérieure à 6 km/h. Les véhicules dont le moteur électrique ne sert qu'à démarrer le moteur à combustion interne ("micro hybride", par exemple) et les véhicules dont le moteur électrique assure une propulsion supplémentaire au moment de l'accélération uniquement (les "véhicules à motorisation semi-hybride de 48 V", par exemple) ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application du présent document.
Les exigences relatives aux émissions rayonnées du présent document ne s'appliquent pas aux transmissions intentionnelles à partir d'un émetteur radio tel que défini par l'UIT, y compris leurs rayonnements non essentiels. L'Annexe C énumère les travaux étudiés pour des révisions futures.
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
CISPR 36
Edition 1.0 2020-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Electric and hybrid electric road vehicles – Radio disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
below 30 MHz
Véhicules routiers électriques et hybrides électriques – Caractéristiques de
perturbations radioélectriques – Limites et méthodes de mesure pour la
protection des récepteurs exterieurs en dessous de 30 MHz
CISPR 36:2020-07(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
CISPR 36
Edition 1.0 2020-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Electric and hybrid electric road vehicles – Radio disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
below 30 MHz
Véhicules routiers électriques et hybrides électriques – Caractéristiques de
perturbations radioélectriques – Limites et méthodes de mesure pour la
protection des récepteurs exterieurs en dessous de 30 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8655-5
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical CommissionMarque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 8
4 Limits of radiated disturbances ........................................................................................ 9
4.1 Determination of conformance of vehicle with limits ................................................ 9
4.2 Quasi-peak detector limits....................................................................................... 9
5 Methods of measurement .............................................................................................. 10
5.1 Measurement instruments ..................................................................................... 10
5.1.1 Measuring receiver ........................................................................................ 10
5.1.2 Magnetic field antenna ................................................................................... 11
5.1.3 Measurement instrumentation uncertainty ...................................................... 11
5.2 Measuring site requirements ................................................................................. 11
5.2.1 Outdoor test site (OTS) requirements ............................................................ 11
5.2.2 Alternative test site requirements ................................................................... 12
5.3 Test setup for measurement antenna .................................................................... 13
5.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 13
5.3.2 Distance ........................................................................................................ 13
5.3.3 Position ......................................................................................................... 13
5.3.4 Height ............................................................................................................ 15
5.4 Test object conditions ........................................................................................... 15
5.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 15
5.4.2 Vehicles ........................................................................................................ 15
Annex A (normative) Measurement instrumentation uncertainty ........................................... 16
A.1 Overview............................................................................................................... 16
A.2 Radiated disturbance measurements at an OTS or in an ALSE in thefrequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz ..................................................................... 16
A.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 16
A.2.2 easurand ....................................................................................................... 17
A.2.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbancemeasurements ............................................................................................... 17
Annex B (Informative) Uncertainty budgets for radiated disturbance measurements of
magnetic field strength .......................................................................................................... 20
B.1 General ................................................................................................................. 20
B.2 Typical CISPR 36 uncertainty budgets .................................................................. 20
B.3 Receiver’s frequency step ..................................................................................... 21
Annex C (informative) Items under consideration ................................................................. 23
C.1 General ................................................................................................................. 23
C.2 Plug-in charging mode and WPT charging mode ................................................... 23
C.3 Correlation between OTS, OATS and ALSE measurements .................................. 23
C.4 Measurement distance of 10 m ............................................................................. 23
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 1 – Limit of magnetic field disturbance (quasi-peak detector) at 3 m antenna
distance ................................................................................................................................ 10
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
Figure 2 – Measuring site (OTS) for vehicles ........................................................................ 12
Figure 3 – Magnetic field measurement – transverse loop orientation ................................... 14
Figure 4 – Magnetic field measurement – radial loop orientation ........................................... 14
Figure 5 – Magnetic field antenna height – Elevation view (radial loop orientation) ............... 15
Figure A.1 – Sources of measurement instrumentation uncertainty ....................................... 17
Figure B.1 – Example of measurement for frequency step uncertainty evaluation ................. 22
Table 1 – Limit of disturbance (quasi-peak detector at 3 m antenna distance) ......................... 9
Table 2 – Spectrum analyser parameters .............................................................................. 11
Table 3 – Scanning receiver parameters ............................................................................... 11
Table A.1 – Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance measurements .......... 18
Table B.1 – Typical uncertainty budget – 3 m distance – loop antenna .................................. 20
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------– 4 – CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
ELECTRIC AND HYBRID ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
RADIO DISTURBANCE CHARACTERISTICS –
LIMITS AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT FOR
THE PROTECTION OF OFF-BOARD RECEIVERS BELOW 30 MHz
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 36 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee D:Electromagnetic disturbances related to electric/electronic equipment on vehicles and internal
combustion engine powered devices.The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
CISPR/D/462/CDV CISPR/D/464A/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------– 6 – CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020
INTRODUCTION
There is a specific need for documents to define acceptable low frequency performance of all
electrical/electronic products. CISPR 36 has been developed to serve the electric and hybrid
electric road vehicle and related industries with test methods and limits that provide satisfactory
protection for radio reception.Compliance with this document is sometimes insufficient for the protection of receivers used in
the residential environment nearer than 10 m to the vehicle. It also sometimes does not provide
sufficient protection for new types of radio transmissions.---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020 – 7 –
ELECTRIC AND HYBRID ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
RADIO DISTURBANCE CHARACTERISTICS –
LIMITS AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT FOR
THE PROTECTION OF OFF-BOARD RECEIVERS BELOW 30 MHz
1 Scope
This document defines limits for 3 m measurement distance and methods of measurement that
are designed to provide protection for off-board receivers (at 10 m distance) in the frequency
range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz when used in the residential environment.NOTE Protection of receivers used on board the same vehicle as the disturbance source(s) is covered by CISPR 25.
This document applies to the emission of electromagnetic energy which might cause
interference to radio reception and which is emitted from electric and hybrid electric vehicles
propelled by an internal traction battery (see 3.2 and 3.3) when operated on the road.
This document applies to vehicles that have a traction battery voltage between 100 V and
1 000 V.Electric vehicles to which CISPR 14-1 applies are not in the scope of this document.
This document applies only to road vehicles where an electric propulsion is used for sustained
speed of more than 6 km/h.Vehicles where the electric motor is only used to start up the internal combustion engine
(e.g. "micro hybrid") and vehicles where the electric motor is used for additional propulsion only
during acceleration (e.g. "48 V mild hybrid vehicles") are not in the scope of this document.
The radiated emission requirements in this document are not applicable to the intentional
transmissions from a radio transmitter as defined by the ITU including their spurious emissions.
Annex C lists work being considered for future revisions.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.CISPR 16-1-1:2015, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatusCISPR 16-1-4:2019, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and test
sites for radiated disturbance measurementsCISPR 16-2-3:2016, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurementsCISPR 16-2-3:2016/AMD1:2019
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– 8 – CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
absorber lined shielded enclosure
ALSE
shielded enclosure in which the ceiling and walls are covered with material that absorbs
electromagnetic energy (i.e. RF absorber)3.2
electric vehicle
vehicle propelled exclusively by electric motor(s) powered by on-board traction battery or
batteriesNote 1 to entry: Vehicles equipped with an additional power source (e.g. auxiliary combustion engine, fuel cell)
used to provide electric power to the electric motor/traction battery only, without contributing to the mechanical
propulsion of the vehicle, are considered as electric vehicles for the purposes of this document.
3.3hybrid electric vehicle
vehicle propelled by electric motor(s) and internal combustion engine
Note 1 to entry: The two propulsion systems can operate individually or in a combined mode depending on the
hybrid system.3.4
open-area test site
OATS
facility for measurements and calibrations in which the ground reflection is made reproducible
by a large flat electrically conducting ground planeNote 1 to entry: An OATS can be used for radiated disturbance measurements, where it is also designated as a
COMTS. An OATS can also be used for antenna calibrations, where it is designated as a CALTS.
Note 2 to entry: An OATS is an uncovered outdoor site, and is far enough away from buildings, electric lines, fences,
trees, underground cables, pipelines, and other potentially reflective objects, so that the effects due to such objects
are negligible. See CISPR 16-1-4 for guidance on the construction of an OATS.[SOURCE CISPR 16-2-3:2016, 3.1.20]
3.5
outdoor test site
OTS
measurement site similar to an open-area test site as specified in CISPR 16-1-4, but without
any type of metallic ground plane and with different dimensionsNote 1 to entry: Specific requirements are defined in this document.
3.6
residential environment
environment having a 10 m protection distance between the source and the point of radio
receptionNote 1 to entry: Examples of a residential environment include rooming houses, private dwellings, entertainment
halls, theatres, schools, public streets, shopping centres / malls, etc.---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020 – 9 –
3.7
traction battery
battery used for the propulsion of electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle
3.8
vehicle
machine operating on land which is intended to carry persons or goods
Note 1 to entry: Vehicles include, but are not limited to, cars, trucks, buses and mopeds.
4 Limits of radiated disturbances4.1 Determination of conformance of vehicle with limits
The vehicle shall comply with the quasi-peak detector magnetic field strength limits specified in
4.2, when it is in "Propulsion" mode of operation, as per 5.4.2.2.The limits given in this document take into account uncertainties.
4.2 Quasi-peak detector limits
The limit for emissions measured with quasi-peak detector at 3 m antenna distance is given in
Table 1 and is shown graphically in Figure 1. It is expressed in dB(µA/m). For more accurate
determination, the formula given in Table 1 shall be used.Table 1 – Limit of disturbance (quasi-peak detector at 3 m antenna distance)
Frequency H field
MHz dB(µA/m)
0,15 to 4 26,11 − 15,64 × lg(f )
MHz
4 to 15 33,17 − 27,35 × lg(f )
MHz
15 to 30 16,63 − 13,29 × lg(f )
MHz
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020
Figure 1 – Limit of magnetic field disturbance (quasi-peak detector)
at 3 m antenna distance
5 Methods of measurement
5.1 Measurement instruments
5.1.1 Measuring receiver
5.1.1.1 General
The measuring receiver (including FFT-based measurement instruments) shall comply with the
requirements of CISPR 16-1-1:2015. Either manual or automatic frequency scanning may be
used.A preamplifier can be used between the antenna and measuring receiver in order to achieve
the 6 dB noise floor requirements (see 5.2.1.2). If a preamplifier is used to achieve the 6 dB
noise floor requirement, the laboratory should establish a procedure to avoid overload of the
preamplifier, such as using a step attenuator. The laboratory should also ensure the receiver is
not overloaded in all measurement scenarios, with or without an external preamplifier.
5.1.1.2 Spectrum analyser parametersThe scan rate of the spectrum analyser shall be adjusted for the CISPR frequency band and
detection mode used. The maximum scan rate shall comply with the requirements ofCISPR 16-2-3.
Spectrum analysers may be used for performing compliance measurements to this document
providing the precautions cited in CISPR 16-1-1:2015 on the use of spectrum analysers are
adhered to and that the broadband emissions from the product being tested have a repetition
frequency greater than 20 Hz.The minimum scan time and resolution bandwidth (RBW) are listed in Table 2.
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020 – 11 –
Table 2 – Spectrum analyser parameters
Quasi-peak detector
Frequency range
MHz
RBW at −6 dB Scan time
0,15 to 30 9 kHz 200 s/MHz
When a spectrum analyser is used for measurements, the video bandwidth shall be at least
three times the RBW.5.1.1.3 Scanning receiver parameters
The measurement time of the scanning receiver shall be adjusted for the CISPR frequency band
and detection mode used. The minimum measurement time, maximum step size and bandwidth
(BW) are listed in Table 3.Table 3 – Scanning receiver parameters
Quasi-peak detector
Frequency range
Minimum
MHz
BW at −6 dB Step size measurement
time
0,15 to 30 9 kHz 5 kHz 1 s
5.1.2 Magnetic field antenna
For measuring the magnetic field, an electrically-screened loop antenna shall be used (see
CISPR 16-1-4:2019, 4.4.2).5.1.3 Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
The measurement instrumentation uncertainty shall be calculated as described in Annex A.
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty shall not be taken into account in the determination
of compliance.Examples of uncertainty budgets are given in Annex B. If the calculated expanded
measurement instrumentation uncertainty exceeds that of the corresponding example in
Annex B, the value of the expanded uncertainty shall be documented in the test report.
NOTE The provisions for measurement instrumentation uncertainty (MIU) in this document do not follow
CISPR 16-4-2 for considering MIU. The deviation from policy is justified due to the missing site validation method
which will be covered in a future revision of CISPR 36. An estimation of the uncertainty contribution caused by site
imperfections cannot be made without site validation criterion.5.2 Measuring site requirements
5.2.1 Outdoor test site (OTS) requirements
5.2.1.1 OTS for vehicles
The test site shall be a clear area, free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces (except the
floor) within a circle of minimum radius of 20 m measured from a point midway between the
vehicle and the antenna. As an exception, the measuring equipment and test hut or vehicle in
which the measuring equipment is located (when used) may be within the test site, but only in
the permitted region indicated by the crosshatched area of Figure 2.---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – CISPR 36:2020 © IEC 2020
Dimensions in metres
Figure 2 – Measuring site (OTS) for vehicles
5.2.1.2 Ambient magnetic field requirements
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signals of sufficient magnitude or density to
affect materially the vehicle measurement, ambient measurements shall be taken before and
after the main test, but without the vehicle under test running. In both of these measurements,
the ambient noise shall be at least 6 dB below the limits of d...
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