ISO 22468:2020
(Main)Value stream management (VSM)
Value stream management (VSM)
This document provides guidelines for the application of VSM with regard to the collection, evaluation and continuous improvement of value stream relevant data. In addition, it describes the assessment of value streams based on defined key performance indicators. The VSM method described in this document is generally applicable to material‑, energy- or data‑related process types. In practice, there are often hybrid forms of these main process types.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22468
First edition
2020-03
Value stream management (VSM)
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Value stream management . 2
4.1 Basic VSM procedure . 2
4.2 Value stream analysis . 3
4.2.1 General. 3
4.2.2 Selection of a product family . 3
4.2.3 Data collection . 4
4.2.4 Analysis of the current state . 4
4.3 Value stream design . 5
4.3.1 General. 5
4.3.2 Improvement potentials . 5
4.3.3 Orientation towards an ideal state . 5
4.3.4 Design of a future state . 5
4.4 Value stream planning . 5
4.4.1 General. 5
4.4.2 Catalogue of measures for improvement . 6
4.4.3 Workshop on value stream plan . 6
4.4.4 Implementation . 6
4.5 Assessment of value streams . 6
4.5.1 General. 6
4.5.2 Value stream performance indicators and assessment concepts . 6
4.6 Adjustment of value streams . 7
4.6.1 General. 7
4.6.2 Actions for continuous improvement . 7
Annex A (normative) References for the application of VSM . 8
Annex B (informative) Data boxes and application examples .17
Bibliography .33
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 154, Processes, data elements and
documents in commerce, industry and administration.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The value stream management (VSM) method is an effective tool for the collection, evaluation and
continuous improvement of product and information flows within organizations. The VSM methodology
includes the analysis, design and planning of value streams. In consideration of an ideal state, the
current state of the value stream is mapped according to the gathered data and subsequently analyzed
to design a future state with less waste and a reduced lead time. Based on a variety of different VSM
approaches, which have been developed in the framework of Lean Production primarily since the
1990s, there are communication and collaboration issues during the application of VSM in practice
due to different value stream visualizations and associated calculation procedures. In particular,
these challenges occur at the interfaces of departments, corporate groups or entire supply chains (see
Figure 1). Therefore, the adherence of rules and guidelines in regard to VSM is required to ensure a
common and standardized method for the collection, evaluation and continuous improvement of value
streams within cross-enterprise value networks.
Figure 1 — Communication issues at supply chain interface
This common and goal-oriented application of VSM leads to a reduction or elimination of waste,
e.g. unnecessary discussions or the multiple and thus redundant preparation of value stream data
targeted to each contact person or auditor are omitted.
With the help of a defined procedure in terms of a unique VSM method, value streams of different
sectors and process types are holistically improved. In addition, consistent product and information
flows based on a unified VSM method enable a coordinated process planning (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 — Integrated supply chain
A common understanding of value streams enables organizations to streamline their internal and
external processes. In this regard, the standardized VSM method ensures a unified collection,
visualization and calculation of value streams, first within companies or corporations and
consequentially along supply chains.
All information or requirements within this document can be transferred to any process type. Figure 3
[2]
shows a suitable scheme for the structuring of different process types .
Figure 3 — Main process types
The downstream-oriented product flow in Figure 2 can be generated by material-, energy- or
data-related processes. The material- or energy-related processes can be further separated in manual
or automated processes of either single, series or mass production. The data-related processes comprise
service, trade or management processes.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22468:2020(E)
Value stream management (VSM)
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines for the application of VSM with regard to the collection, evaluation
and continuous improvement of value stream relevant data. In addition, it describes the assessment of
value streams based on defined key performance indicators.
The VSM method described in this document is generally applicable to material-, energy- or data-related
process types. In practice, there are often hybrid forms of these main process types.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
batch size
number of jointly processed (semi-finished) products
3.2
bottleneck
most heavily loaded process (step) in terms of capacity, which is dynamically changing
3.3
continuous improvement
identification of improvement potentials in the sense of a continuous improvement process (CIP) in
small steps
3.4
control-ticket
internal purchase requisition, which is used for product flow control (e.g. card, box or electronic)
3.5
customer takt
time interval, which corresponds to the operating time in relation to the (expected) customer demand
per period under review
Note 1 to entry: Customer takt is expressed in time unit per piece.
3.6
lead time
time period from the date of order receipt to the transfer of the product to the end customer
3.7
pacemaker process
process step, which sets the pace for the overall process flow
3.8
product family
group of product variants, which require identical or similar process steps
Note 1 to entry: Within this document the term “product” can be understood as material-, energy- or data-related.
3.9
push system
control of product flow based on upstream processes
3.10
pull system
control of product flow based on downstream processes
3.11
range of inventory
time period, which corresponds to the current inventory levels in stock and warehouse
3.12
relative value stream performance indicator
comparative key performance indicator for the assessment of the future state in consideration of the
current state of the value stream (3.14), in contrast to absolute value stream performance indicators
3.13
supermarket
central instrument with regard to pull systems (3.10), which enables a demand-oriented withdrawal
3.14
value stream
all processes oriented at customer demand, that is in particular product and information flows
3.15
valu
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22468
First edition
2020-03
Value stream management (VSM)
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Value stream management . 2
4.1 Basic VSM procedure . 2
4.2 Value stream analysis . 3
4.2.1 General. 3
4.2.2 Selection of a product family . 3
4.2.3 Data collection . 4
4.2.4 Analysis of the current state . 4
4.3 Value stream design . 5
4.3.1 General. 5
4.3.2 Improvement potentials . 5
4.3.3 Orientation towards an ideal state . 5
4.3.4 Design of a future state . 5
4.4 Value stream planning . 5
4.4.1 General. 5
4.4.2 Catalogue of measures for improvement . 6
4.4.3 Workshop on value stream plan . 6
4.4.4 Implementation . 6
4.5 Assessment of value streams . 6
4.5.1 General. 6
4.5.2 Value stream performance indicators and assessment concepts . 6
4.6 Adjustment of value streams . 7
4.6.1 General. 7
4.6.2 Actions for continuous improvement . 7
Annex A (normative) References for the application of VSM . 8
Annex B (informative) Data boxes and application examples .17
Bibliography .33
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 154, Processes, data elements and
documents in commerce, industry and administration.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The value stream management (VSM) method is an effective tool for the collection, evaluation and
continuous improvement of product and information flows within organizations. The VSM methodology
includes the analysis, design and planning of value streams. In consideration of an ideal state, the
current state of the value stream is mapped according to the gathered data and subsequently analyzed
to design a future state with less waste and a reduced lead time. Based on a variety of different VSM
approaches, which have been developed in the framework of Lean Production primarily since the
1990s, there are communication and collaboration issues during the application of VSM in practice
due to different value stream visualizations and associated calculation procedures. In particular,
these challenges occur at the interfaces of departments, corporate groups or entire supply chains (see
Figure 1). Therefore, the adherence of rules and guidelines in regard to VSM is required to ensure a
common and standardized method for the collection, evaluation and continuous improvement of value
streams within cross-enterprise value networks.
Figure 1 — Communication issues at supply chain interface
This common and goal-oriented application of VSM leads to a reduction or elimination of waste,
e.g. unnecessary discussions or the multiple and thus redundant preparation of value stream data
targeted to each contact person or auditor are omitted.
With the help of a defined procedure in terms of a unique VSM method, value streams of different
sectors and process types are holistically improved. In addition, consistent product and information
flows based on a unified VSM method enable a coordinated process planning (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 — Integrated supply chain
A common understanding of value streams enables organizations to streamline their internal and
external processes. In this regard, the standardized VSM method ensures a unified collection,
visualization and calculation of value streams, first within companies or corporations and
consequentially along supply chains.
All information or requirements within this document can be transferred to any process type. Figure 3
[2]
shows a suitable scheme for the structuring of different process types .
Figure 3 — Main process types
The downstream-oriented product flow in Figure 2 can be generated by material-, energy- or
data-related processes. The material- or energy-related processes can be further separated in manual
or automated processes of either single, series or mass production. The data-related processes comprise
service, trade or management processes.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22468:2020(E)
Value stream management (VSM)
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines for the application of VSM with regard to the collection, evaluation
and continuous improvement of value stream relevant data. In addition, it describes the assessment of
value streams based on defined key performance indicators.
The VSM method described in this document is generally applicable to material-, energy- or data-related
process types. In practice, there are often hybrid forms of these main process types.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
batch size
number of jointly processed (semi-finished) products
3.2
bottleneck
most heavily loaded process (step) in terms of capacity, which is dynamically changing
3.3
continuous improvement
identification of improvement potentials in the sense of a continuous improvement process (CIP) in
small steps
3.4
control-ticket
internal purchase requisition, which is used for product flow control (e.g. card, box or electronic)
3.5
customer takt
time interval, which corresponds to the operating time in relation to the (expected) customer demand
per period under review
Note 1 to entry: Customer takt is expressed in time unit per piece.
3.6
lead time
time period from the date of order receipt to the transfer of the product to the end customer
3.7
pacemaker process
process step, which sets the pace for the overall process flow
3.8
product family
group of product variants, which require identical or similar process steps
Note 1 to entry: Within this document the term “product” can be understood as material-, energy- or data-related.
3.9
push system
control of product flow based on upstream processes
3.10
pull system
control of product flow based on downstream processes
3.11
range of inventory
time period, which corresponds to the current inventory levels in stock and warehouse
3.12
relative value stream performance indicator
comparative key performance indicator for the assessment of the future state in consideration of the
current state of the value stream (3.14), in contrast to absolute value stream performance indicators
3.13
supermarket
central instrument with regard to pull systems (3.10), which enables a demand-oriented withdrawal
3.14
value stream
all processes oriented at customer demand, that is in particular product and information flows
3.15
valu
...
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