ISO/FDIS 23016-2

Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 2: Test method for evaluating the promotion of the germination of barley seeds

This document specifies a method to test the promotion of the germination of barley seeds, using ultrafine bubble (UFB) water produced from an ultrafine bubble water generating system. The performance of the method is assessed by measuring the ratio of barley seed germination.

Technologie des fines bulles — Applications agricoles — Partie 2: Méthode d'essai pour l'évaluation de la promotion de la germination des graines d'orge

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
• ICS: 65.020.20 - Plant growing
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 281 - Fine bubble technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 281/WG 3 - Applications of fine bubble technology
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 06-Apr-2026
• Completion Date: 06-Apr-2026

Relations

• Revises: ISO 23016-2:2019 - Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 2: Test method for evaluating the promotion of the germination of barley seeds
• Effective Date: 22-Feb-2025

Overview

ISO/FDIS 23016-2: Fine bubble technology - Agricultural applications - Part 2: Test method for evaluating the promotion of the germination of barley seeds is an international standard developed by ISO to define a consistent method for assessing how ultrafine bubble (UFB) water promotes barley seed germination. This standard provides clear procedures for testing, data analysis, and reporting, giving researchers and agricultural professionals a valuable tool to evaluate the effectiveness of fine bubble technologies in seed germination.

Fine bubble technology is increasingly adopted in agriculture for its potential to enhance growth rates, improve crop quality, and promote seed germination. This standard specifically addresses barley seeds, a key crop in global food production, and offers an objective, reproducible methodology for evaluating UFB water's effects.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose: The document specifies test methods for examining the germination promotion effect of UFB water generated by an ultrafine bubble water generating system. The germination ratio of barley seeds is the main performance indicator.

• Definitions and Principles: Key terms, such as ultrafine bubble water, UFB generating system, germination ratio, and UFB enabled efficiency, are precisely defined according to ISO 20480-1 and ISO 20480-2 references.

• Test System and Set-Up:

  • Use of distilled water of defined quality as per JIS K 0557, grade A2 or higher, for water generation.
  • Structured test sections using control water and UFB water, supported by appropriate equipment (beakers, thermometers, pH meters, etc.).
  • Maintenance and calibration of measurement devices for reliability.

• Test Process:

  • Seed selection (300 high-quality barley seeds per test), preparation, and organization in net-like plastic bags.
  • Regular replacement of test water and strict control of environmental conditions, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH.
  • Inspection intervals set to ensure the reliability of germination data.

• Data Analysis: Measurement of germination ratio and use of S-curve regression to evaluate UFB water's impact on germination timing and efficiency.

• Reporting: Requirements for detailed documentation of test conditions, results, apparatus used, and any deviations from the standard procedure.

Applications

ISO/FDIS 23016-2 is crucial for various stakeholders in fine bubble and agricultural sectors:

• Research and Development: Enables researchers to compare different UFB water generation systems and their effects on seed germination under standardized conditions, leading to improved methodologies and technologies.

• Agricultural Technology Providers: Assists companies developing UFB generators or water treatment solutions in benchmarking their systems and supporting claims with standardized data.

• Quality Assurance: Provides a reliable method for verifying the efficacy of UFB water on crop seeds, fostering trust in new agricultural technologies.

• Certification and Regulation: Supports regulatory bodies and certification organizations in validating germination claims for products marketed with UFB technology.

• Practical On-Farm Testing: Farmers and agronomists can apply the procedures to evaluate UFB water systems, making informed decisions on technology adoption to enhance barley crop yields.

Related Standards

• ISO 20480-1: Fine bubble technology - General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles - Part 1: Terminology
• ISO 20480-2: Fine bubble technology - General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles - Part 2: Categorization of the attributes of fine bubbles
• ISO 18763: Soil quality - Determination of the toxic effects of pollutants on germination and early growth of higher plants
• JIS K 0557: Reference for distilled water quality used in generating UFB water

These related standards provide foundational terminology, categorization, and quality benchmarks required for implementing ISO/FDIS 23016-2 test methods effectively and reliably.

---

Keywords: fine bubble technology, ultrafine bubble water, barley seed germination, agricultural applications, ISO 23016-2, test method, UFB generating system, seed testing standard, standardized germination test, agriculture innovation

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 281
Fine bubble technology —
Secretariat: JISC
Agricultural applications —
Voting begins on:
2026-04-06
Part 2:
Test method for evaluating the
Voting terminates on:
2026-06-01
promotion of the germination of
barley seeds
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 281
Fine bubble technology —
Secretariat: JISC
Agricultural applications —
Voting begins on:
Part 2:
Test method for evaluating the
Voting terminates on:
promotion of the germination of
barley seeds
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General testing principle . 2
4.1 General overview of the test system .2
4.2 Assessment of test results .3
5 Test subjects . 4
6 Apparatus and test equipment . 4
6.1 Seeds for germination test .4
6.2 UFB generating system and UFB water .4
6.3 Measurement and observation equipment.5
6.4 Beakers .5
6.5 Constant-temperature water tank .5
6.6 Plastic bags .5
6.7 Test tray and filter paper .5
6.8 Limit sample for inspection .5
6.9 Maintenance of measurement devices and equipment .6
6.9.1 Maintenance .6
6.9.2 Calibration . . .6
7 Test environment . 6
7.1 Temperature conditions .6
7.2 Environmental parameters to be measured .6
8 Test procedure . 6
8.1 Test period and interval between inspections .6
8.2 Seed selection and packing into bags .6
8.3 Use of UFB water and control water .7
8.4 Tray preparation and seed sowing .8
8.5 Inspection and recording .9
9 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Example of test result at testing laboratory .10
Annex B (normative) Barley seed limit samples .12
Bibliography .13

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23016-2:2019), of which it constitutes a minor
revision. The changes are as follows:
— Table 1 has been inserted in Clause 5 indicating the water quality of A2, according to JIS K 0557, with six
items originally provided in the footnote.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Considering the increasing use of fine bubble technology in agriculture, this document has been developed
to establish standards in this area, with particular focus on promoting the germination and growth of barley
seeds.
The use of fine bubble technology in agriculture has been confirmed to benefit various types of agricultural
products and has attracted the interest of various countries. Application of the technology to leafy vegetables
in agriculture is already well-established, and this is being expanded to seed germination and growth as
well. Worldwide as well, standardization of fine bubble technology in the field of agriculture is not only being
spotlighted but is being conducted in practice at a rapid pace. The technology is expected to blossom rapidly.
Fine bubble technology has been applied successfully not only in agriculture but also in the fields of
environmental science, food, marine products, medicine, etc. Wide-ranging progress in standardizing the
technology is being made in these fields. The achievement of standardization in various fields is expected to
result in increased worldwide recognition of fine bubble technology in the future.

v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 23016-2:2026(en)
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications —
Part 2:
Test method for evaluating the promotion of the germination
of barley seeds
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to test the promotion of the germination of barley seeds, using ultrafine
bubble (UFB) water produced from an ultrafine bubble water generating system. The performance of the
method is assessed by measuring the ratio of barley seed germination.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20480-1, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles — Part 1:
Terminology
ISO 20480-2, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles — Part 2:
Categorization of the attributes of fine bubbles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20480-1 and ISO 20480-2 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
germination
appearance of a radicle of at least 1 mm of length
[1]
[SOURCE: ISO 18763:2016, 3.7, modified — "root" has been replaced by " radicle".]
3.2
ultrafine bubble generating system
UFB generating system
equipment that uses water and air to generate ultrafine bubbles by mechanical action
Note 1 to entry: Ultrafine bubbles (UFB) are bubbles with a diameter of less than 1 µm. See ISO 20480-1.

3.3
ultrafine bubble water
UFB water
water that includes UFB
Note 1 to entry: UFB are defined in ISO 20480-1.
3.4
control water
water for use as a control sample for the effects of UFB
3.5
raw water
distilled water supplied as a raw material for both UFB water (3.3) and control water (3.4)
3.6
test water
either UFB water (3.3) or control water (3.4)
3.7
UFB section
test beaker containing UFB water (3.3) for use in germination tests of barley seeds in UFB water
3.8
control section
test beaker containing control water (3.4) for use in germination tests of barley seeds in control water
3.9
germination ratio
G
ratio of the seeds observed during inspection to have germinated to the total number of seeds provided for
the test
3.10
UFB enabled efficiency
P
quantity measuring the efficiency of UFB for its enhancement in the germinating period
Note 1 to entry: P is defined by Formula (1).
4 General testing principle
4.1 General overview of the test system
UFB water shall be generated through the supply of raw water to the ultrafine bubble generating system.
The UFB water shall be supplied to the UFB section to promote the germination of the barley seeds that
have been supplied to the UFB section. In addition, raw water for control purposes that does not contain
UFB shall be supplied directly to the control section. Figure 1 shows the constitutive principle of the growth
promotion performance test.
Figure 1 — General view of growth promotion performance test system
4.2 Assessment of test results
The germination ratio, G, is obtained by calculating the number of germinated seeds to the number of all
seeds tested for each inspectio
...

Formatted: Centered
Style Definition: Heading 1: Indent: Left: 0 pt, First line:
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
0 pt, Tab stops: Not at 21.6 pt
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Style Definition: Heading 2: Font: Bold, Tab stops: Not at
18 pt
ISO TC 281/WG 3
Style Definition: Heading 3: Font: Bold
Style Definition: Heading 4: Font: Bold
Secretariat: JISC
Style Definition: Heading 5: Font: Bold
Date: 2025-05-202026-03-23
Style Definition: Heading 6: Font: Bold
Style Definition: ANNEX
Style Definition: AMEND Terms Heading: Font: Bold
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications —
Style Definition: AMEND Heading 1 Unnumbered: Font:
Part 2:
Bold
Test method for evaluating the promotion of the germination of barley seeds
Style Definition: List Bullet: Indent: Left: 0 pt, Hanging:
18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops: 18 pt, List
tab
Style Definition: List Bullet 2: Indent: Left: 14.15 pt,
Hanging: 18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops:
32.15 pt, List tab
Style Definition: List Bullet 3: Indent: Left: 28.3 pt,
Hanging: 18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops:
46.3 pt, List tab
Style Definition: List Bullet 4: Indent: Left: 42.45 pt,
Hanging: 18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops:
60.45 pt, List tab
Style Definition: List Bullet 5: Indent: Left: 56.6 pt,
Hanging: 18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops:
74.6 pt, List tab
Style Definition: List Number: Indent: Left: 0 pt, Hanging:
18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops: 18 pt, List
tab
Style Definition: List Number 5: Indent: Left: 56.6 pt,
Hanging: 18 pt, No bullets or numbering, Tab stops:
74.6 pt, List tab
Formatted: Font: 12 pt, German (Germany)
Formatted: Font: 12 pt, German (Germany)
Formatted: Font: 12 pt, German (Germany)
Formatted: Font: 12 pt, German (Germany)
Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Formatted: Font: 12 pt, French (Switzerland)
Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Formatted: Centered
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no
part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without
prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or
ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org Formatted: German (Germany)
Formatted: German (Germany)
Published in Switzerland
Formatted: German (Germany)
Formatted: German (Germany)
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
iii
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
CONTENT      Page
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General testing principle . 2
4.1 General overview of the test system . 2
4.2 Assessment of test results . 3
5 Test subjects . 4
6 Apparatus and test equipment . 5
6.1 Seeds for germination test . 5
6.2 UFB generating system and UFB water . 5
6.3 Measurement and observation equipment . 5
6.4 Beakers . 5
6.5 Constant-temperature water tank . 6
6.6 Plastic bags . 6
6.7 Test tray and filter paper. 6
6.8 Limit sample for inspection . 6
6.9 Maintenance of measurement devices and equipment . 6
6.9.1 Maintenance . 6
6.9.2 Calibration . 6
7 Test environment . 6
7.1 Temperature conditions . 6
7.2 Environmental parameters to be measured . 6
8 Test procedure . 7
8.1 Test period and interval between inspections . 7
8.2 Seed selection and packing into bags . 7
8.3 Use of UFB water and control water . 8
8.4 Tray preparation and seed sowing . 10
8.5 Inspection and recording . 10
9 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Example of test result at testing laboratory . 12
Annex B (normative) Barley seed limit samples . 14
Bibliography . 15
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Foreword
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC DirectivesIEC Directives, Part 2Part 2 (see
www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23016-2:2019), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes are as follows:
— Table 1 has been inserted in Clause 5 indicating the water quality of A2, according to JIS K 0557, with
six items originally provided in the footnote.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
Formatted: No underline, Font color: Auto, English
This … edition cancels and replaces the … edition (ISO …:XXXX), of which it constitutes a minor revision.
(United Kingdom)
The main change is as follows: Table 1 has been inserted in Clause 5 of the main text indicating the water
Formatted: No underline, Font color: Auto, English
quality of A2, according to JIS K 0557, with six items originally provided in the footnote.
(United Kingdom)
v
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Introduction
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian
Considering the increasing use of fine bubble technology in agriculture, this document has been
text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
developed to establish standards in this area, with particular focus on promoting the germination and
growth of barley seeds.
The use of fine bubble technology in agriculture has been confirmed to benefit various types of
agricultural products and has attracted the interest of various countries. Application of the technology to
leafy vegetables in agriculture is already well-established, and this is being expanded to seed germination
and growth as well. Worldwide as well, standardization of fine bubble technology in the field of
agriculture is not only being spotlighted but is being conducted in practice at a rapid pace. The technology
is expected to blossom rapidly.
Fine bubble technology has been applied successfully not only in agriculture but also in the fields of
environmental science, food, marine products, medicine, etc. Wide-ranging progress in standardizing the
technology is being made in these fields. The achievement of standardization in various fields is expected
to result in increased worldwide recognition of fine bubble technology in the future.
vi
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 2: Test
method for evaluating the promotion of the germination of barley
seeds
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to test the promotion of the germination of barley seeds, using ultrafine
bubble (UFB) water produced from an ultrafine bubble water generating system. The performance of the
method is assessed by measuring the ratio of barley seed germination.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20480-1, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles —
Part 1: Terminology
ISO 20480-2, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles —
Part 2: Categorization of the attributes of fine bubbles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20480-1 and ISO 20480-2 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
addresses: Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/ stops: Not at 19.85 pt + 39.7 pt + 59.55 pt + 79.4 pt +
99.25 pt + 119.05 pt + 138.9 pt + 158.75 pt + 178.6
pt + 198.45 pt
3.1
germination
Formatted: Hyperlink, No underline, Font color: Auto,
appearance of a radicle of at least 1 mm of length
English (United States)
[1]
[SOURCE: ISO 18763:2016, 3.7, modified — "root" has been replaced by " radicle".]
3.2
ultrafine bubble generating system
UFB generating system
equipment that uses water and air to generate ultrafine bubbles by mechanical action
Note 1 to entry: Ultrafine bubbles (UFB) are bubbles with a diameter of less than 1 µm. See ISO 20480-1.
3.3
ultrafine bubble water
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
UFB water
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
water that includes UFB
Note 1 to entry: UFB are defined in ISO 20480-1.
3.4
control water
water for use as a control sample for the effects of UFB
3.5
raw water
distilled water supplied as a raw material for both UFB water (3.43) and control water (3.54)
3.6
test water
either UFB water (3.43) or control water (3.54)
3.7
UFB section
test beaker containing UFB water (3.43) for use in germination tests of barley seeds in UFB water
3.8
control section
test beaker containing control water (3.54) for use in germination tests of barley seeds in control water
3.9
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian
text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
germination ratio
G
ratio of the seeds observed during inspection to have germinated to the total number of seeds provided
for the test
3.10
UFB enabled efficiency
P
quantity measuring the efficiency of UFB for its enhancement in the germinating period
Note 1 to entry: P is defined by Formula (1).
4 General testing principle
4.1 General overview of the test system
UFB water shall be generated through the supply of raw water to the UFBultrafine bubble generating
system. The UFB water shall be supplied to the UFB section to promote the germination of the barley
seeds that have been supplied to the UFB section. In addition, raw water for control purposes that does
not contain UFB shall be supplied directly to the control section. Figure 1 shows the constitutive principle
of the growth promotion performance test.
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Figure 1 — General view of growth promotion performance test system
4.2 Assessment of test results
The germination ratio, G, is obtained by calculating the number of germinated seeds to the number of all
seeds tested for each inspection.
The development of the germination ratio is assumed to be expressed by a specified S-curve regression
[2],[3]
function and a parameter T related to the delay in the germination is to be inferred by the process
[4]-[10]
as described below for each section. The relative difference of the parameter for UFB section to
control section is the measure for the performance of the fine bubble enhanced performance, defined as
UFB enabled efficiency, P, to be reported.
Efficiency, P, is given by Formula (1):
ISO/DISFDIS 23016--2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
PT ( (control)−T (UFB))/T (control) PT control−T UFB / T control (1)
( ( ) ( )) ( )
50 50 50
50 50 50
Formatted: Font: 11.5 pt
Field Code Changed
where
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian
P is the efficiency;
text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
T50 (control) i
...