ISO/TC 108/SC 5 - Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machine systems

This document specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using acoustic emission. A certificate or declaration of conformity to this document will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform acoustic emission measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using acoustic emission equipment. This procedure may not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. This document specifies a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein.

This document specifies sector specific requirements for organizations ("certification body") operating conformity assessment systems for personnel who perform machinery system condition monitoring, identify machine faults, and recommend corrective action. Procedures for the certification of condition monitoring and diagnostic personnel are specified. NOTE These requirements are in addition to those of ISO/IEC 17000 and ISO/IEC 17024.

This document specifies the implementation of a condition monitoring system for wind turbines, with particular focus on monitoring of the drivetrain. Guidance for a practical implementation of the FMSA is provided, as well as guidance for specifying best practices and minimum recommendations regarding the condition monitoring system used for failure mode detection, diagnostics and prognostics of the direct drive and geared wind turbine drivetrain, including: a) main bearing(s); b) gearbox, if applicable; and c) generator (mechanical aspects). This also includes subcomponents such as coupling and the lubrication system. This document provides an overview of the important aspects of condition monitoring of wind turbines and makes references to other standards where in-depth information on the subjects is available.

This document focuses on recommended condition monitoring techniques for detecting and diagnosing developing machine faults associated with the most common potential failure modes for hydro unit components. It is intended to improve the reliability of implementing an effective condition monitoring approach for hydroelectric generating units (hydro units). It is also intended to help create a mutual understanding of the criteria for successful hydro unit condition monitoring and to foster cooperation between the various hydropower stakeholders. This document is intended for end-users, contractors, consultants, service providers, machine manufacturers and instrument suppliers. This document is machine-specific and is focused on the generator, shaft/bearing assembly, runner (and impeller for pumped storage applications), penstock (including the main inlet valve), spiral case and the upper draft tube of hydro units. It is primarily intended for medium to large sized hydro units with more than 50 MVA installed capacity, but it is equally valid for smaller units in many cases. It is applicable to various types of turbines such as Francis, Kaplan, Pelton, Bulb and other types. Generic auxiliary systems such as for lubrication and cooling are outside the scope, with the exception of some monitoring techniques that are related to condition monitoring of major systems covered by this document, such as oil analysis. Transmission systems, civil works and the foundation are outside the scope. This document covers online (permanently installed) and portable instrument condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques for operational hydro units. Offline machine testing, i.e. that which is only done during shutdown, although very important, is not part of the scope of this document. Nor is one-time acceptance and performance testing within the scope. The condition monitoring techniques presented in this document cover a wide range of continuous and interval-based monitoring techniques under generalized conditions for a wide range of applications. Therefore, the actual monitoring approach required for a specific application can be different than that which is recommended in this generalized document.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the analysis of lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, synthetic fluids and greases. Tests for electrical insulating oils and heat transfer oil are outside the scope of this document.

This document provides specific guidance on the interpretation of infrared thermograms as part of a programme for condition monitoring and diagnostics of machine systems. In addition, IR applications pertaining to machinery performance are addressed. This document is intended to: — provide guidance on establishing severity assessment criteria for anomalies identified by IRT; — outline methods and requirements for carrying out thermography of machine systems, including safety recommendations; — provide information on image interpretation, assessment criteria and reporting requirements.

ISO 18095:2018 gives guidelines for the monitoring techniques to be considered when setting up a condition monitoring programme for power transformers and includes references to associated standards required in this process. It is intended to help in the implementation of a coherent condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance programme, such as described following ISO 17359. ISO 18095:2018 is applicable to single-phase alternating current power transformers of ≥ 1 kVA and three phase alternating current power transformers of ≥ 5 kVA.

ISO 29821:2018 - gives guidelines for establishing severity assessment criteria for anomalies identified by airborne (AB) and structure-borne (SB) ultrasound, - specifies methods and requirements for carrying out ultrasonic examination of machines, including safety recommendations and sources of error, and - provides information relative to data interpretation, assessment criteria and reporting.

ISO 17359:2018 gives guidelines for the general procedures to be considered when setting up a condition monitoring programme for machines and includes references to associated standards required in this process. This document is applicable to all machines.

ISO 16079-1:2017 gives guidelines which provide the basis for choosing condition monitoring methods used for failure mode detection, diagnostics and prognostics of wind power plant components.

ISO 13374-4:2015 details the requirements for presentation of information for technical analysis and decision support in an open architecture for condition monitoring and diagnostics. Software design professionals need to present diagnostic/prognostic data, health information, advisories, and recommendations on computer displays and in written report formats to end-users. This part of ISO 13374 provides standards for the display of this information in CM&D systems.

ISO 13381-1:2015 provides guidance for the development and application of prognosis processes. It is intended to - allow developers, providers, users and manufacturers to share common concepts of prognostics, - enable users to determine the data, characteristics, processes and behaviours necessary for accurate prognosis, - outline appropriate approaches and processes to prognostics development, and - introduce prognostics concepts in order to facilitate future systems and training. Other parts will include the introduction of concepts of the following forms of prognostic approaches: performance changes (trending) approaches (ISO 13381-2), cyclic-driven life usage techniques (ISO 13381-3), and useful-life-remaining models (ISO 13381-4).

ISO 13379-2:2015 gives procedures to implement data-driven monitoring and diagnostic methods to facilitate the work of analysis carried out by specialist staff typically located in a monitoring centre.

ISO 18129:2015 provides an introduction on how to apply performance monitoring and diagnostics for machines, groups of machines, up to complete industrial installation (equipment) typically covering the whole lifetime of the machines.

ISO 18436-2:2014 specifies requirements for the training, relevant experience, and examination of personnel performing condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines using vibration analysis (VA). A certificate or declaration of conformity to the requirements of ISO 18436-2:2014 in accordance with ISO 18436-1, provides recognition and evidence that individuals are able to perform vibration measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using a range of vibration measurement equipment. ISO 18436-2:2014 specifies a four-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein.

ISO 18436-7:2014 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using infrared thermography. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-7:2014 will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform thermal measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using portable thermal imaging equipment. This procedure might not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-7:2014 specifies a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein.

ISO 18436-4:2014 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using field lubricant analysis. It provides recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform field lubricant analysis for machinery condition monitoring. The procedure is not applicable to apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-4:2014 specifies a three-category classification programme based on the technical areas delineated therein.

ISO 20958:2013 sets out guidelines for the online techniques recommended for the purposes of condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, based on electrical signature analysis. ISO 20958:2013 is applicable to three-phase induction motors.

ISO 18436-8:2013 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using ultrasound. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-8:2013 provides recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform ultrasound measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using ultrasound equipment. It is possible that this procedure is not applicable to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-8:2013 specifies a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein, consistent with ISO 18436-1 and ISO 18436-3.

ISO 18436-5:2012 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using laboratory-based lubricant analysis. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-5:2012 provides recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform laboratory-based lubricant analysis for machinery condition monitoring. It is possible that this procedure is not applicable to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-5:2012 covers a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein.

ISO 18436-3:2012 defines the requirements for bodies operating training programmes for personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring, identify machine faults, and recommend corrective action. Procedures for training of condition monitoring and diagnostics personnel are specified.

This part of ISO 13379 gives guidelines for the data interpretation and diagnostics of machines. It is intended to — allow the users and manufacturers of condition monitoring and diagnostics systems to share common concepts in the fields of machine diagnostics; — enable users to prepare the necessary technical characteristics that are used for the further diagnosis of the condition of the machine; — give an appropriate approach to achieve a diagnosis of machine faults. Since these are general guidelines, a list of the machine types addressed is not included. However, the machine sets covered by this part of ISO 13379 normally include industrial machines such as turbines, compressors, pumps, generators, electrical motors, blowers, gearboxes, and fans.

This part of ISO 13374 specifies requirements for data communication for an open condition monitoring and diagnostics (CM&D) reference information architecture and for a reference processing architecture. Software design professionals require communications to be defined for exchange of CM&D information between software systems. This part of ISO 13374 facilitates the interoperability of CM&D systems.

ISO 18434-1:2008 provides an introduction to the application of infrared thermography (IRT) to machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics, where "machinery" includes machine auxiliaries such as valves, fluid and electrically powered machines, and machinery-related heat exchanger equipment. In addition, IR applications pertaining to machinery performance assessment are addressed. ISO 18434-1:2008: introduces the terminology of IRT as it pertains to condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines; describes the types of IRT procedures and their merits; provides guidance on establishing severity assessment criteria for anomalies identified by IRT; outlines methods and requirements for carrying out IRT of machines, including safety recommendations; provides information on data interpretation, and assessment criteria and reporting requirements; provides procedures for determining and compensating for reflected apparent temperature, emissivity, and attenuating media. ISO 18434-1:2008 also encompasses testing procedures for determining and compensating for reflected apparent temperature, emissivity, and attenuating media when measuring the surface temperature of a target with a quantitative IRT camera.

ISO 22096:2007 specifies the general principles required for the application of acoustic emission to condition monitoring and diagnostics of machinery operating under a range of conditions and environments. It is applicable to all machinery and associated components and covers structure-borne measurements only.

ISO 13374-2:2007 details the requirements for a reference information model and a reference processing model to which an open condition monitoring and diagnostics (CM&D) architecture needs to conform. Software design professionals require both an information model and a processing model to adequately describe all data processing requirements. ISO 13374-2:2007 facilitates the interoperability of CM&D systems.

ISO 13374-1:2003 establishes general guidelines for software specifications related to data processing, communication, and presentation of machine condition monitoring and diagnostic information.

ISO 29821-2:2016 - provides guidance on establishing severity assessment criteria for anomalies identified by airborne (AB) and structure borne (SB) ultrasound, - outlines methods and requirements for carrying out ultrasonic examination of machines, including safety recommendations and sources of error, and - provides information relative to data interpretation, assessment criteria and reporting.

ISO 18436-6:2014 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using acoustic emission. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-6:2014 will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform acoustic emission measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using acoustic emission equipment. This procedure may not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-6:2014 specifies a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein.

ISO 18436-1:2012 specifies requirements for persons and organizations ("assessment body") operating conformity assessment systems for personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring, identify machine faults, and recommend corrective action. Procedures for the conformity assessment of condition monitoring and diagnostic personnel are specified.

ISO 29821-1:2011 outlines methods and requirements for carrying out condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines using airborne and structure-borne ultrasound. It provides measurement, data interpretation, and assessment criteria. This technique is typically carried out on operating machinery under a range of conditions and environments. This is a passive technique that detects acoustic anomalies produced by machines.

ISO 17359:2011 sets out guidelines for the general procedures to be considered when setting up a condition monitoring programme for machines and includes references to associated standards required in this process. ISO 17359:2011 applies to all machines.

ISO 18436-4:2008 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using field lubricant analysis. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-4:2008 will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform field lubricant analysis for machinery condition monitoring. This procedure may not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-4:2008 specifies a three-category classification programme.

ISO 18436-7:2008 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using infrared thermography. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-7:2008 will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform thermal measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using portable thermal imaging equipment. This procedure may not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-7:2008 specifies a three-category classification programme.

ISO 18436-6:2008 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using acoustic emission. A certificate or declaration of conformity to ISO 18436-6:2008 will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform acoustic emission measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using acoustic emission equipment. This procedure may not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations. ISO 18436-6:2008 specifies a three-category classification programme.

ISO 18436-3:2008 defines the requirements for bodies operating training programmes for personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring, identify machine faults, and recommend corrective action. Procedures for training of condition monitoring and diagnostic personnel are specified.

ISO 13381-1:2004 provides guidance for the development of prognosis processes. It is intended to allow the users and manufacturers of condition monitoring and diagnostics systems to share common concepts in the fields of machinery fault prognosis; to enable users to determine the necessary data, characteristics and behaviour necessary for accurate prognosis; to outline an appropriate approach to prognosis development; and to introduce prognoses concepts in order to facilitate the development of future systems and training.

ISO 18436-1:2004 defines the requirements for bodies operating certification systems for personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring, identify machine faults, and recommend corrective action. Procedures for the certification of condition monitoring and diagnostic personnel are specified.

ISO 13372:2004 specifies definitions of terms used in condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. It is intended to provide users and manufacturers of condition monitoring and diagnostics systems with a common vocabulary.

ISO 18436-2:2003 specifies the general requirements for vibration analysis personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. Certification to this standard will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform machinery vibration measurements and analysis using portable and permanently installed sensors and equipment. ISO 18436-2:2003 covers a four-category certification programme that is based on the technical areas discussed herein.

ISO 13379:2003 gives guidance for data interpretation and diagnostics of machines. It is intended to allow the users and manufacturers of condition monitoring and diagnostics systems to share common concepts in the fields of machine diagnostics; to enable users to prepare the necessary technical characteristics that will be used for the further diagnosis of the condition of the machine; and to give an appropriate approach to achieve a diagnosis of machine faults. Since it gives general guidelines, a list of the machine types addressed is not included. However, the machine sets covered by ISO 13379:2003 will normally include industrial machines such as turbines, compressors, pumps, generators, electrical motors, blowers and fans.

ISO 17359:2003 sets out guidelines for the general procedures to be considered when setting up a condition monitoring programme for machines, and includes references to associated standards required in this process. It is applicable to all machines.

This International Standard describes the general conditions and procedures for recording, assessment, evaluation and diagnostics of machine condition by measuring parameters related to machine performance, condition and safety, including thermal, electrical and hydraulic parameters where applicable. The procedures relate to operational monitoring of machines, and include all components and sub-assemblies necessary to provide the functional operation of the machine.