ISO 24156-1:2014

Graphic notations for concept modelling in terminology work and its relationship with UML — Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work

ISO 24156-1:2014 gives guidelines for using a subset of UML symbols independent of their normal UML meaning, to represent concepts in concept models that result from concept analysis. It describes how UML symbols can be used for that. A UML profile designed for this purpose is used to represent concepts and concept relations in terminology work. ISO 24156-1:2014 does not describe UML and its general use in depth. These matters are covered in ISO/IEC 19505‑1 and ISO/IEC 19505‑2. ISO 24156-1:2014 does not describe the principles and methods of terminology work. This is covered in ISO 704. ISO 24156-1:2014 does not define the fundamental concepts of terminology work. This is covered in ISO 1087‑1.

Notations graphiques pour la modélisation des concepts en terminologie et ses relations avec UML — Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour l'application de la notation UML dans le travail terminologique

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Oct-2014
• ICS: 01.020 - Terminology (principles and coordination)
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 37/SC 1 - Principles and methods
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 37/SC 1 - Principles and methods
• Current Stage: 9020 - International Standard under periodical review
• Start Date: 15-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 15-Apr-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO/TR 24156:2008 - Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work
• Effective Date: 03-Sep-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 24156-1
ISO/TC 37/SC 1 Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on Voting terminates on

2013-02-11 2013-05-11
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION  •  МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ  •  ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Graphic notations for concept modeling in terminology work
and its relationship with UML —
Part 1:
Guidelines for using UML and mind-mapping notation in
terminology work
Lignes directrices pour l'application de la notation UML dans le travail terminologique —
Partie 1: Directives pour l'application de la notation UML dans le travail terminologique
[Revision of first edition (ISO 24156:2008)]
ICS 01.020
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.

THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©  International Organization for Standardization, 2013

ISO/DIS 24156-1
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 24156-1
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .2
5 Mapping of terminological items to UML.3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Concept .3
5.3 Concept system.3
5.4 Attributes (generalisation) and characteristics (generic relation) .4
5.5 Type of characteristics and criterion of subdivision.5
5.6 Concept relations .11
5.6.1 Associative relations.11
5.6.2 Generic relations .12
5.6.3 Partitive relations .15
6 Common features of UML used to extend concept modelling .17
6.1 General .17
6.2 Multiplicity.17
6.3 Constraint.18
Annex A (informative) Table of correspondence between concepts in ISO 1087-1 and their
representations in the Unified Modeling Language.21
Bibliography.27

ISO/DIS 24156-1
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 24156-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content
resources, Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO TR 24156:2008), [clause(s) / subclause(s)
/table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.
ISO 24156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic notations for concept modelling in
terminology work:
 Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work
 Part [2]: ISO/NP TR 24156-2, Graphic notations for concept modeling in terminology work -- Part 2:
Guidelines for transforming the content of terminology management systems into UML information
models.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 24156-1
Introduction
Terminology work combines elements from many theoretical approaches which concern processing, ordering,
and presentation of knowledge. The basic method of terminology work is concept analysis, which aims to
achieve a comprehensive description and presentation of concepts in a subject field. Traditionally the results
of concept analysis in terminology are presented in the form of one or more concept diagrams and a set of
terms with textual definitions.
In object-oriented programming, graphic techniques are used to describe entity types which are characterised
by certain properties and behaviour. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a widely spread language
which can be used for all kinds of object modelling (information modelling, data modelling, etc.).
This International Standard describes the application of UML symbols by creating a user-defined UML profile
for presenting the results of concept analysis. This UML profile re-uses UML symbols to represent the
terminological principles of ISO 1087-1 and ISO 704. This is not meant to become a replacement for
traditional concept diagrams, but should be considered as an alternative and supplementary notation. This
International Standard is meant to promote the use of concept analysis when developing concept diagrams or
concept models, information models and data models.
The core text describes the recommendations for use of UML. Annex A contains a table of correspondence
between concepts of ISO 1087-1 and suggested representation in UML.
ISO/IEC 19501 is referenced in this International Standard. In ISO/IEC 19501 there is no "Terms and
definitions” clause. Instead, every UML concept is described in the normative text and in a glossary. When a
reference to ISO/IEC 19501 is given in the “Terms and definitions” clause, the definition given in this
International Standard is adapted from the descriptive text in ISO/IEC 19501. Therefore, the definition is noted
“Adapted from ISO/IEC 19501”.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 24156-1

Graphic notations for concept modelling in terminology work —
Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work
1 Scope
This International Standard gives guidelines for using a subset of UML, to represent the results of concept
analysis. It describes how object modelling techniques can be used for this purpose. A UML profile designed
for this purpose is used to represent concepts and concept relations in terminology work.
This International Standard does not describe UML and its general use in depth. These matters are covered in
e.g. ISO/IEC 19501.
This International Standard does not describe the principles and methods of terminology work. This is covered
in ISO 704.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 704, Terminology work – Principles and methods
ISO 690 (all parts), Information and documentation — Bibliographic references
ISO 1087-1, Terminology Work – Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and Application
ISO 10241-1, Terminological entries in standards -- Part 1: General requirements and examples of
presentation
ISO/IEC 19501, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Version 1.4.2
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1087-1 and the following apply.
3.1
concept model
concept diagram (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.12) formed by means of a formal language (3.5)
3.2
concept model view
image of a defined part of a concept model (3.1)
3.3
concept system
set of concepts structured according to the relations among them
ISO/DIS 24156-1
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11]
3.4
constraint
semantic restriction of model elements
NOTE 1 to entry Adapted from ISO/IEC 19501
NOTE 2 to entry A constraint is used to restrict the possible options for a class or a relationship. In concept modelling,
constraints can be used to show how relationships interact and how they are delimited.
EXAMPLE 1 There are two associative relations from a concept, but if one of them is present the other one is
impossible [constraint {either}].
EXAMPLE 2 In a generic relation, no more specific concepts than those stated are possible [constraint {complete}].
3.5
formal language
language of which the rules are explicitly established before its use
NOTE 1 to entry A formal language is not meant to be spoken. Its purpose is to assure exact communication of
information, e.g. between computer systems, and between man and computer.
EXAMPLE OWL.
3.6
multiplicity
constraint (3.4) which defines the number of occurrences that is allowed for the model element concerned
NOTE 1 to entry In concept modelling, multiplicity specifies how many objects depicted by a certain concept may have
an associative relation with or form a part/whole of how many objects depicted by another concept.
EXAMPLE 1 A characteristic of a month is that it is a period of 28-31 days (28.31).
EXAMPLE 2 A mouse (pointing device) may or may not have a ball, depending on whether it is a mechanical or optical
mouse. It has zero balls or one ball (0.1). In that case the multiplicity itself is a criterion of subdivision, as a mechanical
mouse has exactly one ball (1).
NOTE 2 to entry Multiplicity applies to attributes as well, and specifies whether an attribute is obligatory or optional.
3.7
notation
a set of symbols, and the rules for their use, for the representation of data
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-5:1999, 05.01.01]
3.8
symbol
graphic representation of a concept that has meaning in a specific context
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 01.02.07]
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
UML Unified Modeling Language
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 24156-1
5 Mapping of terminological items to UML
5.1 General
This clause describes how concepts defined in ISO 1087-1 can be represented in concept modelling by
means of a limited set of UML symbols. Fe
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24156-1
First edition
2014-10-01
Graphic notations for concept
modelling in terminology work and its
relationship with UML —
Part 1:
Guidelines for using UML notation in
terminology work
Notations graphiques pour la modélisation des concepts en
terminologie et ses relations avec UML —
Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour l’application de la notation UML dans
le travail terminologique
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Mapping UML symbols to terminological concepts . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Concept . 3
5.3 Concept system . 3
5.4 Attributes (generalization) and characteristics (generic relation) . 4
5.5 Type of characteristics and criterion of subdivision . 5
5.6 Concept relations . 9
6 Common features of UML used to extend concept modelling .18
6.1 General .18
6.2 Multiplicity .18
6.3 Constraint .19
Annex A (informative) Table of correspondence between ISO 1087-1 concepts and their
adopted symbols in the ISO 24156-1 user-defined UML profile .21
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content
resources, Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods.
This first edition of ISO 24156-1 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 24156:2008, which has been technically revised.
ISO 24156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic notations for concept modelling
in terminology work and its relationship with UML:
— Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Terminology work combines elements from many theoretical approaches which concern the processing,
ordering, and presentation of knowledge. The basic method of terminology work is concept analysis,
which aims to achieve a comprehensive description and presentation of concepts in a subject field.
Traditionally, the results of concept analysis in terminology are presented in the form of one or more
concept diagrams and a set of terms with textual definitions.
In object-oriented programming, graphic techniques are used to describe entity types which are
characterized by certain properties and behaviour. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a widely
used formal language which can be used for all kinds of object modelling (information modelling, data
modelling, etc.).
This part of ISO 24156 describes the application of UML symbols by providing a user-defined UML profile
for presenting the results of concept analysis. This UML profile re-uses UML symbols independent of
their normal UML semantics to represent terminological concept diagrams in accordance with the
principles of ISO 1087-1 and ISO 704. The use of UML symbols is not meant to become a replacement
for traditional concept diagrams, but is intended to be an alternative and supplementary notation. This
part of ISO 24156 is meant to promote the use of concept analysis when developing concept diagrams
(including concept models), information models, and data models.
The core text describes in which way a user-defined UML profile represents concept diagrams. Annex A
contains a table of correspondence between concepts of ISO 1087-1 and suggested representations in UML.
ISO/IEC 19505-1 and ISO/IEC 19505-2 are referenced in this part of ISO 24156. In ISO/IEC 19505-1 and
ISO/IEC 19505-2, there is no “Terms and definitions” clause. Instead, every UML concept is described in
the normative text. When a reference to ISO/IEC 19505-2 is given in the “Terms and definitions” clause,
the definition given in this part of ISO 24156 is adapted from the descriptive text in ISO/IEC 19505-2.
Therefore, the definition is noted “Adapted from ISO/IEC 19505-2”.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24156-1:2014(E)
Graphic notations for concept modelling in terminology
work and its relationship with UML —
Part 1:
Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work
1 Scope
This part of ISO 24156 gives guidelines for using a subset of UML symbols independent of their normal
UML meaning, to represent concepts in concept models that result from concept analysis. It describes
how UML symbols can be used for that. A UML profile designed for this purpose is used to represent
concepts and concept relations in terminology work.
This part of ISO 24156 does not describe UML and its general use in depth. These matters are covered in
ISO/IEC 19505-1 and ISO/IEC 19505-2.
This part of ISO 24156 does not describe the principles and methods of terminology work. This is
covered in ISO 704.
This part of ISO 24156 does not define the fundamental concepts of terminology work. This is covered
in ISO 1087-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 704:2009, Terminology work — Principles and methods
ISO 1087-1:2000, Terminology work — Vocabulary — Part 1: Theory and application
ISO 10241-1, Terminological entries in standards — Part 1: General requirements and examples of presentation
ISO/IEC 19505-1:2012, Information technology — Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language
(OMG UML) — Part 1: Infrastructure
ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, Information technology — Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language
(OMG UML) — Part 2: Superstructure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1087-1 and the following apply.
3.1
concept diagram
graphic representation of a concept system
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.12]
3.2
concept model
concept diagram (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.12) formed by means of a formal language (3.6)
3.3
concept model view
image of a defined part of a concept model (3.2)
3.4
concept system
set of concepts structured according to the relations among them
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11]
3.5
constraint
semantic restriction of model elements
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, 7.3.10.
Note 2 to entry: A constraint is used to restrict the possible options for a class or a relationship. In concept
modelling, constraints can be used to show how concepts/relationships interact and how they are delimited.
EXAMPLE In a generic relation, no more specific concepts than those depicted are possible [constraint {complete}].
3.6
formal language
language whose rules are explicitly established before its use
Note 1 to entry: A formal language is not meant to be spoken. Its purpose is to assure exact communication of
information, e.g. between computer systems and between man and computer.
EXAMPLE Web Ontology Language (OWL).
3.7
multiplicity
when used in class diagrams constraint (3.5) on the range of allowed instances of an object or an attribute
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14776-151:2010, modified — By replacing “indication of” with “constraint on”, this
terminological entry is made consistent with the other terms and definitions in this part of ISO 24156.]
Note 1 to entry: In concept modelling, a multiplicity constraint specifies how many objects depicted by a certain
concept can be related to the objects depicted by another concept, i.e. in an associative or in a partitive relation.
EXAMPLE 1 A characteristic of a month is that it is a period of 28 to 31 days (28.31). Thus, the multiplicity of
day with respect to month is “28.31”.
EXAMPLE 2 A mouse (pointing device) can or cannot have a ball, depending on whether it is a mechanical
or optical mouse. Thus, it has zero balls or one ball (0.1). In that case, the multiplicity itself is a criterion of
subdivision, as a mechanical mouse has exactly one ball (1).
Note 2 to entry: Multiplicity applies to attributes as well.
3.8
notation
set of symbols, and the rules for their use, for the representation of data
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-5:1999, 05.01.01]
3.9
symbol
graphic representation of a concept that has meaning in a specific context
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 01.02.07]
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

4 Abbreviated terms
UML Unified Modeling Language
5 Mapping UML symbols to terminological concepts
5.1 General
This clause describes how concepts defined in ISO 1087-1 can be represented in concept modelling by
means of a limited set of UML symbols. Features which are not described in this clause are outside the
scope of this part of ISO 24156.
Each paragraph describes the principles according to which UML symbols can be used in concept
modelli
...