ISO 20947-2:2020

Performance evaluation protocol for digital fitting systems — Part 2: Virtual garment

This document specifies a method for describing the functions and the method for evaluating the performance of the virtual garment pattern cutting and clothing simulation modules of digital fitting systems. This document is applicable to fashion designers and pattern technologists (makers) for generating virtual garment patterns, and testing them on a virtual fit mannequin (fit form).

Protocole d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes d'habillage virtuel — Partie 2: Vêtement virtuel

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Dec-2020
• ICS: 61.020 - Clothes
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 133 - Clothing sizing systems - size designation, size measurement methods and digital fittings
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 133/WG 2 - Digital Fitting
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 21-Dec-2020
• Due Date: 21-Apr-2021
• Completion Date: 21-Dec-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20947-2
First edition
2020-12
Performance evaluation protocol for
digital fitting systems —
Part 2:
Virtual garment
Protocole d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes d'habillage
virtuel —
Partie 2: Vêtement virtuel
Reference number
ISO 20947-2:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 1
3.2 Lines on virtual pattern and their lengths . 2
4 Functions .15
4.1 General .15
4.2 Data import .16
4.3 Digital fitting .16
4.4 Function to measure lengths of lines .16
5 Qualitative evaluation of performance .17
6 Quantitative evaluation of performance .17
6.1 General .17
6.2 Import of virtual fit mannequin (fit form) .17
6.3 Import of virtual garment pattern and line measurement .18
6.3.1 General.18
6.3.2 Upper .18
6.4 Import sewing information .19
6.5 Three-dimensional arrangement of virtual patterns .20
6.6 Virtual sewing .22
6.7 Measurement of lengths of virtual garment .24
6.8 Calculation of difference .24
7 Report .24
8 Evaluation .24
Annex A (normative) Format for report: Qualitative evaluation of a digital fitting system .25
Annex B (normative) Example of report: Qualitative evaluation of a digital fitting system .26
Annex C (informative) Format for report (Upper): Quantitative evaluation of a digital fitting
system .27
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 133, Clothing sizing systems — size
designation, size measurement methods and digital fittings.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20947 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

Introduction
The use of the digital fitting system, employed to evaluate the suitability of real garments on real
human body with the use of virtual garments on a virtual human body in cyberspace, is growing in
popularity. The system eliminates the need for physical garment production with fabric in product
evaluation. Using computer-generated virtual garment pattern, virtual garment is created and tested
on either a virtual human body or a virtual fit mannequin (fit form). The technology is expected to
improve garment fit and increase productivity. It benefits not only those engaged in garment design
but also consumers at the time of garment purchase, with better fit and wider choice of sizes in mass-
produced products. Such system is useful for designers, manufacturers, educationalists because the
system helps to improve the fit of garments and productivity.
Digital fitting technology is still developing, and there is a wide range of differences in the specification
and performance between digital fitting systems. This makes it difficult for users to select an
appropriate system for their purposes.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20947-2:2020(E)
Performance evaluation protocol for digital fitting
systems —
Part 2:
Virtual garment
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for describing the functions and the method for evaluating the
performance of the virtual garment pattern cutting and clothing simulation modules of digital fitting
systems. This document is applicable to fashion designers and pattern technologists (makers) for
generating virtual garment patterns, and testing them on a virtual fit mannequin (fit form).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General
3.1.1
digital fitting system
simulation of a virtual garment pattern or virtual garment over a virtual fit mannequin (fit form) (3.1.2)
providing qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the fit through analysis of the distribution of,
among other things, surface strain, gap between body and garment, tension map, cross section, surface
wrinkles, garment balance
3.1.2
virtual fit mannequin (fit form)
model used for draping and examining silhouette and fit of a garment in a virtual space used for
digital fitting
3.1.3
virtual garment
three-dimensional clothing in digital form that exists in virtual space
3.1.4
virtual garment pattern
shapes consisting of straight lines and closed curves that mark the area of a digitized pattern used on
the virtual garment (3.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: Each pattern consists of a contoured and multiple internal lines, which are used to express
seams, internal openings, fold lines, and other garment characteristics.
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

3.1.5
clothing simulation
creation and drape simulation of a virtual garment on the virtual human body using a virtual garment
pattern (3.1.4), virtual sewing and bounding volume
3.1.6
material properties
physical properties of material, including tensile modulus, bending rigidity, shear resistance,
thickness, weight
Note 1 to entry: These can be simulated for virtual fabrics using cloth simulation models.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex C.
3.1.7
sewing information
information necessary to construct a virtual garment from virtual garment patterns, including seam
lines, specific points on a virtual garment pattern such as positions of snaps, hooks, and buttons, notch
marks, grain line, and layer information
3.2 Lines on virtual pattern and their lengths
3.2.1 Upper pattern
3.2.1.1
hem line
line at the hem of front bodice or back bodice
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1. Length of the front hem line, length of back hem line, and total length are measured.
a)  Front hem line of front bodice b)  Back hem line of back bodice
Figure 1 — Hem line
3.2.1.2
armhole line
line at the left and right armhole of front bodice or back bodice
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2. Length of armhole lines, and total length of armhole lines of front bodice and back
bodice are measured.
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

a) Left armhole line of front bodice or back bodice
b) Right armhole line of front bodice or back bodice
Figure 2 — Armhole line
3.2.1.3
sleeve width line
straight line connecting the two ends of a line sewing front bodice and back bodice (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3. Length of right or left sleeve width line is measured.
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

a)  Left sleeve b)  Right sleeve
Figure 3 — Sleeve width line
3.2.1.4
sleeve length line
straight line passing the top of the line sewing front bodice and back bodice and perpendicular to sleeve
width line (bicep line) (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4. Length is measured from the top of the sleeve crown seam line to sleeve hem line of
the right or left sleeve.
a)  Left sleeve b)  Right sleeve
Figure 4 — Sleeve length line
3.2.1.5
underarm seam line
lines connecting the edge of line sewing front bodice and back bodice and edge of sleeve hem line along
which a sleeve is stitched to make a tube (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5. Length is measured from the edge of line sewing front bodice and back bodice to
the edge of sleeve hem line of the right or left sleeve. Either line of the left or right sleeve is measured because
they are the same length.
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

a)  Left underarm b)  Right underarm
Figure 5 — Underarm seam line
3.2.1.6
sleeve hem line
line at the lower edge of the sleeve pattern indicating the hem (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6. Length is measured for the right or left sleeve hem line.
a)  Left sleeve b)  Right sleeve
Figure 6 — Sleeve hem line
3.2.2 Upper pattern and one-piece dress
3.2.2.1
bust line
straight line passing the level of the breast point of the pattern and
— perpendicular to the front centre line of the front bodice from the left side line to the right side line
(front bust line), or
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

— perpendicular to the back centre line of the back bodice from the left side line to the right side line
(back bust line)
Note 1 to entry: Upper pattern, see Figure 7, one-piece dress, see Figure 8. Length of the front bust line, length of
back bust line, and total length are measured.
a)  Front bust line of front bodice b)  Back bust line of back bodice
Figure 7 — Bust line (upper pattern)
a) Front bust line of front bodice
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Back bust line of back bodice
Figure 8 — Bust line (one-piece dress)
3.2.2.2
shoulder line
straight line at the shoulder of front bodice or back bodice along which the front bodice and back bodice
are stitched together
Note 1 to entry: Upper pattern, see Figure 9, one-piece dress, see Figure 10. Length of shoulder lines are measured.
a) Left shoulder line of front bodice or back bodice
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ISO 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Right shoulder line of front bodice or back bodice
Figure 9 —
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 20947-2
ISO/TC 133
Performance evaluation protocol for
Secretariat: SABS
digital fitting systems —
Voting begins on:
2020-09-14
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Virtual garment
2020-11-09
Protocole d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes d'habillage
virtuel —
Partie 2: Vêtement virtuel
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020

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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 1
3.2 Lines on virtual pattern and their lengths . 2
4 Functions .19
4.1 General .19
4.2 Data import .19
4.3 Digital fitting .19
4.4 Function to measure lengths of lines .19
5 Qualitative evaluation of performance .20
6 Quantitative evaluation of performance .20
6.1 General .20
6.2 Import of virtual fit mannequin (fit form) .21
6.3 Import of virtual garment pattern and line measurement .21
6.3.1 General.21
6.3.2 Upper .21
6.4 Import sewing information .23
6.5 Three-dimensional arrangement of virtual patterns .23
6.6 Virtual sewing .25
6.7 Measurement of lengths of virtual garment .27
6.8 Calculation of difference .27
7 Report .27
8 Evaluation .27
Annex A (normative) Format for report: Qualitative evaluation of a digital fitting system .28
Annex B (normative) Example of report: Qualitative evaluation of a digital fitting system .29
Annex C (informative) Format for report (Upper): Quantitative evaluation of a digital fitting
system .30
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 133, Clothing sizing systems - size
designation, size measurement methods and digital fittings.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20947 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

Introduction
The use of the digital fitting system, employed to evaluate the suitability of real garments on real
human body with the use of virtual garments on a virtual human body in cyberspace, is growing in
popularity. The system eliminates the need for physical garment production with fabric in product
evaluation. Using computer-generated virtual garment pattern, virtual garment is created and tested
on either a virtual human body or a virtual fit mannequin (fit form). The technology is expected to
improve garment fit and increase productivity. It benefits not only those engaged in garment design
but also consumers at the time of garment purchase, with better fit and wider choice of sizes in mass-
produced products. Such system is useful for designers, manufacturers, educationalists because the
system helps to improve the fit of garments and productivity.
Digital fitting technology is still developing, and there is a wide range of differences in the specification
and performance between digital fitting systems. This makes it difficult for users to select an
appropriate system for their purposes.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v

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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)
Performance evaluation protocol for digital fitting
systems —
Part 2:
Virtual garment
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for describing the functions and the method for evaluating the
performance of the virtual garment pattern cutting and clothing simulation modules of digital fitting
systems. This document is applicable to fashion designers and pattern technologists (makers) for
generating virtual garment patterns, and testing them on a virtual fit mannequin (fit form).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General
3.1.1
digital fitting system
simulation of a virtual garment pattern or virtual garment over a virtual fit mannequin (fit form) (3.1.2)
providing qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the fit through analysis of the distribution of,
among other things, surface strain, gap between body and garment, tension map, cross section, surface
wrinkles, garment balance
3.1.2
virtual fit mannequin (fit form)
model used for draping and examining silhouette and fit of a garment in a virtual space used for
digital fitting
3.1.3
virtual garment
three-dimensional clothing in digital form that exists in virtual space
3.1.4
virtual garment pattern
shapes consisting of straight lines and closed curves that mark the area of a digitized pattern used on
the virtual garment (3.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: Each pattern consists of a contoured and multiple internal lines, which are used to express
seams, internal openings, fold lines, and other garment characteristics.
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

3.1.5
clothing simulation
creation and drape simulation of a virtual garment on the virtual human body using a virtual garment
pattern (3.1.4), virtual sewing and bounding volume
3.1.6
material properties
physical properties of material, including tensile modulus, bending rigidity, shear resistance,
thickness, weight
Note 1 to entry: These can be simulated for virtual fabrics using cloth simulation models.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex C.
3.1.7
sewing information
information necessary to construct a virtual garment from virtual garment patterns, including seam
lines, specific points on a virtual garment pattern such as positions of snaps, hooks, and buttons, notch
marks, grain line, and layer information
3.2 Lines on virtual pattern and their lengths
3.2.1 Upper pattern
3.2.1.1
hem line
line at the hem of front bodice or back bodice
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1. Length of the front hem line, length of back hem line, and total length are measured.
a) Front hem line of front bodice
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Back hem line of back bodice
Figure 1 — Hem line
3.2.1.2
armhole line
line at the left and right armhole of front bodice or back bodice
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2. Length of armhole lines, and total length of armhole lines of front bodice and back
bodice are measured.
a) Left armhole line of front bodice or back bodice
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Right armhole line of front bodice or back bodice
Figure 2 — Armhole line
3.2.1.3
sleeve width line
straight line connecting the two ends of a line sewing front bodice and back bodice (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3. Length of right or left sleeve width line is measured.
a) Left sleeve
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Right sleeve
Figure 3 — Sleeve width line
3.2.1.4
sleeve length line
straight line passing the top of the line sewing front bodice and back bodice and perpendicular to sleeve
width line (bicep line) (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4. Length is measured from the top of the sleeve crown seam line to sleeve hem line of
the right or left sleeve.
a) Left sleeve
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Right sleeve
Figure 4 — Sleeve length line
3.2.1.5
underarm seam line
lines connecting the edge of line sewing front bodice and back bodice and edge of sleeve hem line along
which a sleeve is stitched to make a tube (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5. Length is measured from the edge of line sewing front bodice and back bodice to
the edge of sleeve hem line of the right or left sleeve. Either line of the left or right sleeve is measured because
they are the same length.
a) Left underarm
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Right underarm
Figure 5 — Underarm seam line
3.2.1.6
sleeve hem line
line at the lower edge of the sleeve pattern indicating the hem (left or right)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6. Length is measured for the right or left sleeve hem line.
a) Left sleeve
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Right sleeve
Figure 6 — Sleeve hem line
3.2.2 Upper pattern and one-piece dress
3.2.2.1
bust line
straight line passing the level of the breast point of the pattern and
— perpendicular to the front centre line of the front bodice from the left side line to the right side line
(front bust line), or
— perpendicular to the back centre line of the back bodice from the left side line to the right side line
(back bust line)
Note 1 to entry: Upper pattern, see Figure 7, one-piece dress, see Figure 8. Length of the front bust line, length of
back bust line, and total length are measured.
a) Front bust line of front bodice
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Back bust line of back bodice
Figure 7 — Bust line (upper pattern)
a) Front bust line of front bodice
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ISO/FDIS 20947-2:2020(E)

b) Back bust line of back bodice
Figure 8 — Bust line (one-piece dress)
3.2.2.2
shoulder line
straight line at the shoulder of front bodice or back bodice
...