ISO 5-3:2009
(Main)Photography and graphic technology — Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions
Photography and graphic technology — Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions
ISO 5-3:2009 specifies spectral conditions and computational procedures for the definition of several types of ISO 5 standard densities used in imaging applications in photography and graphic technology.
Photographie et technologie graphique — Mesurages de la densité — Partie 3: Conditions spectrales
Fotografija in grafična tehnologija - Merjenje optične gostote - 3. del: Spektralni pogoji
Ta del ISO 5 določa spektralne pogoje in računske postopke za opredelitev več vrst optičnih gostot po standardu ISO 5, ki se uporabljajo pri slikovnih aplikacijah pri fotografiji in grafični tehnologiji.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 5-3:1996
)RWRJUDILMDLQJUDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD0HUMHQMHRSWLþQHJRVWRWHGHO 6SHNWUDOQL
SRJRML
Photography and graphic technology - Density measurements - Part 3: Spectral
conditions
Photographie et technologie graphique - Mesurages de la densité - Partie 3: Conditions
spectrales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 5-3:2009
ICS:
37.040.01 Fotografija na splošno Photography in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5-3
Third edition
2009-12-01
Photography and graphic technology —
Density measurements —
Part 3:
Spectral conditions
Photographie et technologie graphique — Mesurages de la densité —
Partie 3: Conditions spectrales
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Requirements.3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Influx spectrum.3
4.3 Types of instruments .5
4.4 Spectral products.5
4.5 Computation of ISO 5 standard density from spectral data .6
4.6 Sample conditions.6
4.7 Reference standards.6
5 Notation .7
6 Types of ISO 5 standard density.7
6.1 ISO 5 standard visual density .7
6.2 ISO 5 standard printing density.7
6.3 ISO 5 standard status A density .8
6.4 ISO 5 standard status M density.9
6.5 ISO 5 standard status T density.9
6.6 ISO 5 standard status E density .9
6.7 ISO 5 standard narrow-band density.10
6.8 ISO 5 standard status I density.10
6.9 ISO 5 standard type 3 density.11
7 Spectral conformance, repeatability, stability and bias.11
7.1 Spectral conformance.11
7.2 Repeatability, stability and bias.11
Annex A (normative) Reference tables of spectral products and weighting factors.25
Annex B (normative) Computation of ISO 5 standard density from spectral data .26
Annex C (informative) Method used to derive spectral weighting factors based on historical
spectral product data.28
Annex D (informative) Method used to derive abridged spectral weighting factors from 1 nm
reference spectral product data.29
Annex E (informative) Plots of relative spectral power distributions for influx spectra, and
spectral products for ISO 5 standard density .33
Annex F (informative) Spectral conformance .40
Bibliography.41
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5-3 was prepared by ISO/TC 42, Photography, and ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology, in a Joint Working
Group.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5-3:1995), which has been technically revised.
This technical revision takes into account, in particular, computation of ISO 5 standard density from spectral
data, as well as graphic arts considerations. In the course of this technical revision, all parts of ISO 5 have
been reviewed together, and the terminology, nomenclature and technical requirements have been made
consistent across all parts.
ISO 5 consists of the following parts, under the general title Photography and graphic technology — Density
measurements:
⎯ Part 1: Geometry and functional notation
⎯ Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmittance density
⎯ Part 3: Spectral conditions
⎯ Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Introduction
0.1 General
The ISO 5 series comprises four International Standards that specify the spatial and spectral conditions for
optical densitometry for use in black-and-white and colour imaging applications, as practised in photographic
and graphic technology applications. The term “ISO 5 standard density” is used within the ISO 5 series to refer
to such specified conditions. The more general term “density” is used in its traditional sense when the basic
optical principles and concepts are being discussed.
To define an ISO 5 standard density value fully, it is necessary to specify both the geometric and spectral
conditions of the measuring system. Geometric conditions are described in ISO 5-2 for transmittance ISO 5
standard density, and in ISO 5-4 for reflection ISO 5 standard density. This part of ISO 5 specifies the spectral
conditions for both transmittance and reflection ISO 5 standard density measurements. For many of these
conditions, the term “status density” is used to identify them.
0.2 Density measurement
In photography, optical density is a measure of the modulation of light or other radiant flux by a given area of
the recording medium. The measurement of density can be of interest for various reasons. It might be
necessary to assess the lightness or darkness of an image, to predict how a film or paper will perform in a
printing operation, or to determine a measure of the amounts of colorants in the image for the purpose of
controlling a colour process. If the visual effect is of interest, the spectral conditions of measurement need to
simulate an appropriate illumination and the spectral sensitivity of the eye. For photographic printing
operations, the spectral power distribution of the source to be used in the printing operation and the spectral
sensitivity of the print material need to be simulated. In evaluating original material for colour separation, the
illuminant, the spectral sensitivity of the separation medium, and the spectral transmittance of the tricolour
separation filters (and other optical components) need to be simulated.
In order to provide measurement data that can be properly interpreted by the various users who need to do
so, the provision of standard specifications for the measurement procedure is necessary. ISO 5 provides that
specification. In this part of ISO 5, a number of spectral conditions are specified, including a definition of the
spectral response for each.
NOTE Spectral response is a function of the spectral sensitivity of the photodetector and the spectral modifications
by any of the optics and filters between the plane of the specimen and the photodetector.
In many applications, it is considered desirable for the spectral response to match the spectral sensitivity of
the intended receiver (eye, photographic paper, etc.) used in the practical applications of the product as
described above. However, in other applications, the spectral response is defined somewhat arbitrarily
(though frequently with some regard to the spectral characteristics of the media being measured) to facilitate
unambiguous communication for issues of process control and thus the spectral product also becomes
arbitrary in those instances.
The various spectral conditions specified in this part of ISO 5 have each been shown to be useful to the
application identified. For example, certain types of density measurements are often made to generate
sensitometric curves which are used to characterize the photographic properties of films and papers.
Densities can also be used to perform a photographic tone-reproduction analysis or to monitor operations like
photoprocessing. In graphic technology, reflection density measurements are used for the control of the ink
film thickness, or, more generally, the amount of colorant per area and the determination of the tone values or
other quantities.
In the early years of densitometry, the spectral responses of instruments were specified only in terms of the
colour filters used in the construction. Although it was seldom the case, it was assumed that the spectral
responses of the detector and the source spectral energy distributions, as well as all intervening optical
components, were the same in all instruments. In more recent times, densitometry standards have specified
that the combination of all these components equals a given set of
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5-3
Third edition
2009-12-01
Photography and graphic technology —
Density measurements —
Part 3:
Spectral conditions
Photographie et technologie graphique — Mesurages de la densité —
Partie 3: Conditions spectrales
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Requirements.3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Influx spectrum.3
4.3 Types of instruments .5
4.4 Spectral products.5
4.5 Computation of ISO 5 standard density from spectral data .6
4.6 Sample conditions.6
4.7 Reference standards.6
5 Notation .7
6 Types of ISO 5 standard density.7
6.1 ISO 5 standard visual density .7
6.2 ISO 5 standard printing density.7
6.3 ISO 5 standard status A density .8
6.4 ISO 5 standard status M density.9
6.5 ISO 5 standard status T density.9
6.6 ISO 5 standard status E density .9
6.7 ISO 5 standard narrow-band density.10
6.8 ISO 5 standard status I density.10
6.9 ISO 5 standard type 3 density.11
7 Spectral conformance, repeatability, stability and bias.11
7.1 Spectral conformance.11
7.2 Repeatability, stability and bias.11
Annex A (normative) Reference tables of spectral products and weighting factors.25
Annex B (normative) Computation of ISO 5 standard density from spectral data .26
Annex C (informative) Method used to derive spectral weighting factors based on historical
spectral product data.28
Annex D (informative) Method used to derive abridged spectral weighting factors from 1 nm
reference spectral product data.29
Annex E (informative) Plots of relative spectral power distributions for influx spectra, and
spectral products for ISO 5 standard density .33
Annex F (informative) Spectral conformance .40
Bibliography.41
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5-3 was prepared by ISO/TC 42, Photography, and ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology, in a Joint Working
Group.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5-3:1995), which has been technically revised.
This technical revision takes into account, in particular, computation of ISO 5 standard density from spectral
data, as well as graphic arts considerations. In the course of this technical revision, all parts of ISO 5 have
been reviewed together, and the terminology, nomenclature and technical requirements have been made
consistent across all parts.
ISO 5 consists of the following parts, under the general title Photography and graphic technology — Density
measurements:
⎯ Part 1: Geometry and functional notation
⎯ Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmittance density
⎯ Part 3: Spectral conditions
⎯ Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Introduction
0.1 General
The ISO 5 series comprises four International Standards that specify the spatial and spectral conditions for
optical densitometry for use in black-and-white and colour imaging applications, as practised in photographic
and graphic technology applications. The term “ISO 5 standard density” is used within the ISO 5 series to refer
to such specified conditions. The more general term “density” is used in its traditional sense when the basic
optical principles and concepts are being discussed.
To define an ISO 5 standard density value fully, it is necessary to specify both the geometric and spectral
conditions of the measuring system. Geometric conditions are described in ISO 5-2 for transmittance ISO 5
standard density, and in ISO 5-4 for reflection ISO 5 standard density. This part of ISO 5 specifies the spectral
conditions for both transmittance and reflection ISO 5 standard density measurements. For many of these
conditions, the term “status density” is used to identify them.
0.2 Density measurement
In photography, optical density is a measure of the modulation of light or other radiant flux by a given area of
the recording medium. The measurement of density can be of interest for various reasons. It might be
necessary to assess the lightness or darkness of an image, to predict how a film or paper will perform in a
printing operation, or to determine a measure of the amounts of colorants in the image for the purpose of
controlling a colour process. If the visual effect is of interest, the spectral conditions of measurement need to
simulate an appropriate illumination and the spectral sensitivity of the eye. For photographic printing
operations, the spectral power distribution of the source to be used in the printing operation and the spectral
sensitivity of the print material need to be simulated. In evaluating original material for colour separation, the
illuminant, the spectral sensitivity of the separation medium, and the spectral transmittance of the tricolour
separation filters (and other optical components) need to be simulated.
In order to provide measurement data that can be properly interpreted by the various users who need to do
so, the provision of standard specifications for the measurement procedure is necessary. ISO 5 provides that
specification. In this part of ISO 5, a number of spectral conditions are specified, including a definition of the
spectral response for each.
NOTE Spectral response is a function of the spectral sensitivity of the photodetector and the spectral modifications
by any of the optics and filters between the plane of the specimen and the photodetector.
In many applications, it is considered desirable for the spectral response to match the spectral sensitivity of
the intended receiver (eye, photographic paper, etc.) used in the practical applications of the product as
described above. However, in other applications, the spectral response is defined somewhat arbitrarily
(though frequently with some regard to the spectral characteristics of the media being measured) to facilitate
unambiguous communication for issues of process control and thus the spectral product also becomes
arbitrary in those instances.
The various spectral conditions specified in this part of ISO 5 have each been shown to be useful to the
application identified. For example, certain types of density measurements are often made to generate
sensitometric curves which are used to characterize the photographic properties of films and papers.
Densities can also be used to perform a photographic tone-reproduction analysis or to monitor operations like
photoprocessing. In graphic technology, reflection density measurements are used for the control of the ink
film thickness, or, more generally, the amount of colorant per area and the determination of the tone values or
other quantities.
In the early years of densitometry, the spectral responses of instruments were specified only in terms of the
colour filters used in the construction. Although it was seldom the case, it was assumed that the spectral
responses of the detector and the source spectral energy distributions, as well as all intervening optical
components, were the same in all instruments. In more recent times, densitometry standards have specified
that the combination of all these components equals a given set of published “documentary” values. If each of
these components is approximated by a mathematical function, then their combination could be approximated
by simply multiplying the spectral characteristics, wavelength by wavelength, and compiling the results into a
table of numbers known as the spectral products. Such a specification allows flexibility to the manufacturer
while providing for improved accuracy and precision. It also allows for reference materials to be manufactured
and certified based on fundamental measurements.
0.3 Calculation of density
In this revision of this part of ISO 5, it has been recognized that the use of simple filter instruments is in
decline. The more common method of “measuring” ISO 5 standard density makes use of computations based
on measurements of the spectral reflectance factor or spectral transmittance o
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5-3
Third edition
2009-12-01
Photography and graphic technology —
Density measurements —
Part 3:
Spectral conditions
Photographie et technologie graphique — Mesurages de la densité —
Partie 3: Conditions spectrales
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
PDF files may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, such files may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading a PDF file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create the PDF file(s) constituting this document can be found in the General Info relative to
the file(s); the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the files are suitable for
use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to them is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the
address given below.
This CD-ROM contains:
1) the publication ISO 5-3:2009 in portable document format (PDF), which can be viewed using
Adobe® Acrobat® Reader;
2) a separate folder containing electronic inserts.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5-3:1995), which has been technically revised.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless required for installation or otherwise specified, no part of this CD-ROM may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from ISO. Requests for permission to reproduce this product
should be addressed to
ISO copy
...
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