ISO/TR 20123:2023

Automation systems and integration — Industrial data — Nuclear digital ecosystem specifications

This document provides: — a review and summary of the adoption of digital methods and technology in the national nuclear sectors; — a summary of the state of the art of some of the standards supporting the digital representation and interoperability of industrial data; — orientation on the use of these standards for model-based systems engineering (MBSE) in order to achieve a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE); — a high-level roadmap of the stages by which this ecosystem can be achieved, taking into account the maturity of the actors of the ecosystem, their relationships and the added value of using advanced standards. NOTE The complete reports from the participating entities are presented in Annexes A to G. This document includes the following: — the systems composing the nuclear facilities and their input, output, and other products resulting from interactions in the nuclear system or with its environment; — the material accounting and the corresponding requirements; — waste management: all types of nuclear waste produced during processes and activities, and their properties are considered for a seamless management of information in the whole value chain of the nuclear ecosystem.

Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Données industrielles — Spécifications de l'écosystème numérique nucléaire

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Sep-2023
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 35.240.63 - IT applications in trade
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4 - Industrial data
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4 - Industrial data
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 12-Sep-2023
• Due Date: 18-May-2024
• Completion Date: 12-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 20123
First edition
2023-09
Automation systems and
integration — Industrial data
— Nuclear digital ecosystem
specifications
Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Données industrielles —
Spécifications de l'écosystème numérique nucléaire
Reference number
ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 4
4 Overview of the nuclear industry .6
4.1 Nuclear fuel cycle . 6
4.2 Nuclear power plant (NPP) safety leadership and management . 6
4.3 Differences between nuclear industry and other industries . 8
5 Review of national reports . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 New build . 10
5.3 Operations and maintenance (O&M) . 10
5.4 Decommissioning . 11
5.5 Summary of national reports . 11
5.6 High level requirements and some generic use cases .12
5.7 Business case based on the adoption of industrial data standards .12
6 Framework for enterprise interoperability .13
6.1 General .13
6.2 Generic barriers to interoperability . 14
6.2.1 General . 14
6.2.2 Organizational . 14
6.2.3 Methodology and technology . 15
6.2.4 Semantics . 15
6.3 Nuclear industry specific barriers to interoperability . 15
6.4 Cybersecurity . 16
6.4.1 General . 16
6.4.2 Main cybersecurity challenges . 16
6.4.3 Main applicable security regulations, norms and standards . 17
6.5 Maturity roadmap . 17
7 Fundamental pillars of a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE) .17
7.1 General . 17
7.2 Configuration management (CM) . 18
7.3 Requirements management . 19
7.4 Breakdown structure management . 20
7.5 Reference data management . 23
8 Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and standardized industrial models .24
8.1 Systems engineering and model-based systems engineering (MBSE). 24
8.2 Standardized industrial models. 25
8.2.1 General . 25
8.2.2 ISO 15926 series .26
8.2.3 ISO 10303 series . .28
8.2.4 BIM standards for the build environment .30
9 Advanced methodologies and technologies for model-based systems engineering
(MBSE) .31
9.1 General . 31
9.2 Property modelling . 31
9.3 Process modelling . 33
9.4 Semantic modelling of reference data .34
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
9.5 Knowledge representation .34
9.6 Data quality .34
9.7 3-D geometry and topology. 35
9.8 Digital twin (DT) . 35
9.9 Long term archiving (LOTAR) . 37
9.10 Alternative methods, standards and tools to be explored .38
10 Proposed strategy and high-level road map .38
10.1 General .38
10.2 Proposed strategy . 39
10.3 Strategic structured roadmap for future standards development .40
10.3.1 General .40
10.3.2 Strong, simple, shared framework . 41
10.3.3 Methodology of application . 42
10.3.4 Technical guidelines . 42
10.3.5 Future work items . . . 42
10.4 Orientation for managers and practitioners of the nuclear industry . 43
10.4.1 General . 43
10.4.2 Systems engineering . 43
10.4.3 Methods and knowledge representation .44
10.4.4 Impact of digital technology on standards for the nuclear ecosystem .44
Annex A (informative) Nuclear power in China .45
Annex B (Informative) Nuclear power in France .52
Annex C (informative) Nuclear power in Japan .57
Annex D (informative) Nuclear power in the Netherlands .61
Annex E (informative) Nuclear power in the Republic of Korea .69
Annex F (informative) Nuclear power in the United Kingdom .71
Annex G (informative) Nuclear power in the United States of America (USA).74
Bibliography .82
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at  www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 04 Industrial data.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to bring all current knowledge together about standardization of
information on nuclear installations in the nuclear industry.
This document provides orientations for how the concept of an industrial digital ecosystem can
be realised for the nuclear industry, its installations and practices. These orientations are based on
surveys of the state of the art for the adoption of digital methods and technology for the nuclear sectors
by the participating members of ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and a review of the current state of the standards
for the digital representation of engineering data that are the responsibility of ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and
international standards from other TCs/SCs from ISO, IEC, CEN and some de-facto international
industry standards.
The objective is to provide the nuclear industry with a common framework to address the intertwined
aspects to manage digital information based on standards and related to nuclear facilities and materials.
The nuclear facilities are composed of all the physical structures, systems, and components: mining,
fuel manufacturing, nuclear material transport, nuclear power plants (NPPs), reprocessing plants,
waste management and disposal facilities.
This document aims to support operational processes in a nuclear ecosystem using digital tools to
produce, manage and share information.
It is based on the experience and skills of experts with generic competencies in standards for industrial
data, developed during the past years in the edition of standards for product modelling, plant modelling
and construction modelling associated with some specific experience of some members in nuclear
facilities lifecycle, the corresponding information and records management in the lifecycle.
This document will be updated when new technological advances become available, as many initiatives
in the field of the “Industry of the future” are underway, the most relevant of which is the development
of the digital twin (DT). The corresponding outcomes can be integrated in a viable roadmap with
steps to effectively guide practitioners of the nuclear ecosystem in implementing methodologies and
technologies to make effective the benefit of the proposed standards.
This document does not provide answers to all of the issues but does raise questions and identifies
barriers for successful implementation which will be addressed to create a digital ecosystem in the
nuclear industry. It does provide a simple conceptual framework and a roadmap to guide the actors of
the nuclear ecosystem.
To consolidate this perspective, this document has taken into account nuclear technology and the
constraints on the nuclear industry. Developing a standardization framework for the nuclear industry
could also be useful in order to face long standing issues met in conventional industries regarding
information management.
Radioactivity structures all of the activities in the nuclear industry and strongly impacts the needs and
the way of modelling facilities and of organising information to support the business processes.
Innovation and standardization will enable a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE), which could be
downsized for conventional industries with specific lighter requirements.
This methodology offers the best guarantee to meet the specific needs of a nuclear ecosystem and to
reuse generic models, relationships, and standards already available or prepare their adaptation or
extension for the future.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
Automation systems and integration — Industrial data —
Nuclear digital ecosystem specifications
1 Scope
This document provides:
— a review and summary of the adoption of digital methods and technology in the national nuclear
sectors;
— a summary of the state of the art of some of the standards supporting the digital representation and
interoperability of industrial data;
— orientation on the use of these standards for model-based systems engineering (MBSE) in order to
achieve a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE);
— a high-level roadmap of the stages by which this ecosystem can be achieved, taking into account the
maturity of the actors of the ecosystem, their relationships and the added value of using advanced
standards.
NOTE The complete reports from the participating entities are presented in Annexes A to G.
This document includes the following:
— the systems composing the nuclear facilities and their input, output, and other products resulting
from interactions in the nuclear system or with its environment;
— the material accounting and the corresponding requirements;
— waste management: all types of nuclear waste produced during processes and activities, and their
properties are considered for a seamless management of information in the whole value chain of the
nuclear ecosystem.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
asset
item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to an organization
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101:2019]
1
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
3.1.2
information
knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes (3.1.13), or ideas, including
concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121271, modified — Field of application and notes to entry have been
removed]
3.1.3
data
reinterpretable representation of information (3.1.2) in a formalized manner suitable for communication,
interpretation, or processing
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121272, modified — Notes to entry have been removed]
3.1.4
data element
member of a data set (3.1.5)
3.1.5
data set
logically meaningful group of data
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.6
data quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of data fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: Examples of requirements for quality data also include data integrity, data validation, data
portability, data synchronization and the data provenance record.
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.8.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been modified.]
3.1.7
digital ecosystem
distributed, adaptive, open, socio-technical system with properties of self-organisation, scalability and
sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.8
digital representation
manner in which information is stored for interpretation by a machine
[SOURCE: ASME Y 14.47 – 2019]
3.1.9
domain
field of special knowledge, which can be further subdivided according to requirements to support a
higher level of specialized detail
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.10
information model
formal model of a bounded set of facts, concepts or instructions to meet a specified requirement
Note 1 to entry: In this context, the description of domain (3.1.9) entities in a digital ecosystem (3.1.7) addressing
lifecycle asset (3.1.1) management.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
3.1.11
interoperability
capability of two or more entities to exchange items in accordance with a set of rules and mechanisms
implemented by an interface in each entity, order to perform their specific tasks
Note 1 to entry: Examples of entities include devices, equipment, machines, people, processes, applications,
computer firmware and application software units, data exchange systems (3.1.17) and enterprises.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of items include services information, material in standards, design documents and
drawings, improvement projects, energy reduction programs, control activities, asset (3.1.1) description and
ideas.
Note 3 to entry: In this context, entities provide items to, and accept items from, other entities, and they use the
items exchanged in this way to enable them to operate effectively together.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.12
nuclear digital ecosystem
NDE
digital ecosystem (3.1.7) specialised for application to nuclear power facilities and related activities
Note 1 to entry: The objective is to provide principles, methodologies and technologies to enable sharing of shared
resources across nuclear industry and beyond, and their specialization in each specific domain and discipline.
Note 2 to entry: There is a trend to name these shared resources “Commons”
3.1.13
process, noun
set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended result
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.4.1, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.14
property
named measurable or observable attribute, quality or characteristic of a system
3.1.15
reference data library
RDL
managed collection of reference data
[SOURCE: ISO 15926-1:2004]
3.1.16
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.4, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.17
system
combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes
Note 1 to entry: A system is sometimes considered as a product or as the services it provides.
Note 2 to entry: In practice, the interpretation of its meaning is frequently clarified by the use of an associative
noun, e.g. aircraft system. Alternatively, the word “system” is substituted simply by a context-dependent
synonym, e.g. aircraft, though this potentially obscures a system principles perspective.
Note 3 to entry: A complete system includes all of the associated equipment, facilities, material, computer
programs, firmware, technical documentation, services and personnel required for operations and support to
the degree necessary for self-sufficient use in its intended environment.
3
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
Note 4 to entry: A system is also interacting with its environment.
3.1.18
system element
member of the combination of elements that constitutes a system (3.1.17)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AI artificial intelligence
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
ANN artificial neural network
APR advanced pattern recognition
BIM building information model (see ISO 16739-1)
BWR boiling water reactor
CAD computer aided design
CAE computer aided engineering
CDE common data environment
CDF core damage frequency
CFIHOS Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification
CM configuration management
CNS Convention on Nuclear Safety
DMS document management system
DT digital twin
EAM enterprise asset management
EPC engineering, procurement and construction
ERP enterprise resource planning
eSOMS electronic shift operations management system
ESPN nuclear pressure equipment (equipement sous pression nucléaire)
FAIR findable, accessible, interoperable end reusable
HLW high-level waste
HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
ISDC International Structure for Decommissioning Costs (ISDC) of the OECD
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IFC industry foundation classes (see ISO 16739-1)
IIoT industrial internet of things
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ISO/TR 20123:2023(E)
IVV integration, verification and validation
K-PIM knowledge-centric plant information model
LD linked data
LLW low-level waste
LOTAR long term archiving
LTKR long term knowledge retention
MBSE model-based systems engineering
MR micro reactor
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA)
NLP natural
...

ISO CD/TR/DTR 20123:2023
ISO/TC 184/SC 4
Secretariat: ANSI
Date: 2023-03-0128
Automation systems and integration – — Industrial data –—
Nuclear digital ecosystem specifications

WD/CD/DIS/FDIS stage

Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.



© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/DTR 20123:2023:(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/DTR 20123:2023:(E)

© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DTR 20123:2023:(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at  www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 04 Industrial data.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DTR 20123:2023:(E)
Introduction
At the meeting of ISO/TC 184/SC 4 held in Marina Del Ray, California, 2019-11-08 the following
resolution was approved:
“The SC 4 Implementation Forum proposes the creation of an ad-hoc team with The purpose to create a
draft NWI TR before the next ISO TC 184/SC 4 meeting. The purpose of the TR will beof this document is
to bring all current knowledge together about standardization of information ofon nuclear installations
in the nuclear industry.
The tasks of the ad-hoc team will be:
— Define final purpose and scope of the NWI TR for a Nuclear Digital Ecosystem
— Document the state of the art of standardization of information management of nuclear
installations over their life cycle.
— Do a survey among the nuclear stakeholders about their business cases and their interest
to join the NWI TR project for the purpose to create a final standard for digital ecosystem.
— Define the business case with use cases of developing and adopting such information
standards.
— Draft the NWI TR documentation before May 2020. “
The ad-hoc team is identified as ISO/TC 184/SC 4/AHG 02 (AHG 02) and has grown from the initial seven
members to twenty, with representations from China, France, Netherlands, Japan, Republic of Korea,
Sweden and United Kingdom. The team has met every two weeks from 2020-01-08. The information
created in the course of these meeting is recorded in the AHG 02 section of ISO Documents and managed
by the team.
This Technical Reportdocument provides orientations for how the concept of an industrial digital
ecosystem couldcan be realised for the nuclear industry, its installations and practices. These
orientations are based on surveys of the state of the art for the adoption of digital methods and technology
for the nuclear sectors by the participating members of ISO/TC 184/SC 4 that are represented in AHG 02
and a review of the current state of the standards for the digital representation of engineering data that
are the responsibility of ISO/TC 184/SC 4, and international standards from other TCs/SCs from ISO, IEC,
CEN and some de-facto international industry standards.
This report endeavours to make orientationsThe objective is to provide the nuclear industry with a
common framework to address the intertwined aspects to manage digital information based on
standards and related to nuclear facilities and materials.
The nuclear facilities are composed of all the physical structures, systems, and components: mining, fuel
manufacturing, nuclear material transport, nuclear power plants (NPPs), reprocessing plants, waste
management and disposal facilities.
This document aims to support operational processes in a nuclear ecosystem using digital tools to
produce, manage and share information.
It is based on the experience and skills of the AHG 02 experts with generic competencies in standards for
industrial data, developed during the past years in the edition of standards for product modelling, plant
modelling and construction modelling associated with some specific experience of some members in
nuclear facilities lifecycle, the corresponding information and records management in the lifecycle.
This reportdocument will be updated when new technological advances become available, as many
initiatives in the field of the “Industry of the future” are underway –, the most relevant of which is the
development of the digital twin. The experts of the AHG 02 are fully aware of these opportunities and are
open to integrate (DT). The corresponding outcomes can be integrated in a viable roadmap with steps to
effectively guide practicianspractitioners of the nuclear ecosystem in implementing methodologies and
technologies to make effective the benefit of the proposed standards.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v

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ISO/DTR 20123:2023:(E)
This DTRdocument does not bringprovide answers to all of the answersissues but does raise questions
and identifies barriers for successful implementation which will be addressed to create a digital
ecosystem in the nuclear industry. It does provide a simple conceptual framework and a roadmap to
guide the actors of the nuclear ecosystem.
To consolidate this perspective, the reportthis document has been discussed with experts of ISO/TC 85
in taken into account nuclear technology and accordingly revised in order to take into account the
constraints on the nuclear industry. Developing a standardization framework for the nuclear industry
could also be useful alsoin order to face long standing issues met in conventional industries regarding
information management.
Radioactivity structures all of the activities in the nuclear industry and strongly impacts the needs and
the way of modelling facilities and of organising information to support the business processes.
Innovation and standardization will enable a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE), which could be downsized
for conventional industries with specific lighter requirements.
We are confident This methodology offers the best guaranteesguarantee to meet the specific needs of a
nuclear ecosystem and to reuse generic models, relationships, and standards already available or prepare
their adaptation or extension for the future.
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
Automation systems and integration — Industrial data — Nuclear
digital ecosystem specifications
1 Scope
This document provides:
— a review and summary of the adoption of digital methods and technology in the national nuclear
sectors of the participating members represented in ISO/TC 184/SC 4/Ad-Hoc Group 02,;
— a summary of the state of the art of some of the standards from ISO/TC 184/SC 4, from other
standards development and industrial professional organizations that supportsupporting the digital
representation and interoperability of industrial data,;
— orientationsorientation on the use of these standards for model-based systems engineering (MBSE)
in order to achieve a nuclear digital ecosystem, (NDE);
— a high-level roadmap of the stages by which this ecosystem couldcan be achieved, taking into account
the maturity of the actors of the ecosystem, their relationships and the added value of using advanced
standards.
NOTE The complete reports from the participating membersentities are presented in Annexes AAnnexes A to
F.F.

The objective is to provide the nuclear industry with a common framework to address the intertwined
aspects to manage digital information based on standards and related to nuclear facilities and materials.
The nuclear facilities are composed of all the physical structures, systems, and components: mining, fuel
manufacturing, nuclear material transport, nuclear power plants, reprocessing plants, waste
management and disposal facilities.
The scopeThis document includes the following:
— the systems composing the nuclear facilities and their input, output, and other products resulting
from interactions in the nuclear system or with its environment. It includes the material accounting
and the corresponding international laws and requirements.;
— the material accounting and the corresponding requirements;
— waste management is included in the scope.: all types of nuclear waste produced during processes
and activities, and their properties will beare considered for a seamless management of information
in the whole value chain of the nuclear ecosystem.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Field Code Changed
— — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
asset
item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to an organization
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101:2019}]
3.1.2
information
knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes (3.1.13),(3.1.13), or ideas, including
concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121271, modified — Field of application and notes to entry have been
removed.]]
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.2.1]

3.1.3
data
reinterpretable representation of information (3.1.2)(3.1.2) in a formalized manner suitable for
communication, interpretation, or processing
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121272, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]]
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.2.2]
3.1.4
data element
member of a data set (3.1.3)(3.1.5)
3.1.5
data set
logically meaningful group of data
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.6
data quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of data fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: Examples of requirements for quality data also include data integrity, data validation (3.22),, data
portability (3.23),, data synchronization and the data provenance record.
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:20182022, 3.8.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been modified.]
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]

3.1.7
digital ecosystem
distributed, adaptive, open, socio-technical system with properties of self-organisation, scalability and
sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.8
digital representation
manner in which information is stored for interpretation by a machine
[SOURCE: ASME Y 14.47 – 2019]
3.1.9
domain
field of special knowledge, which can be further subdivided according to requirements to support a
higher level of specialized detail
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.10
information model
formal model of a bounded set of facts, concepts or instructions to meet a specified requirement
Note 1 to entry: In this context, the description of domain (3.1.7)(3.1.9) entities in a digital ecosystem (3.1.5)(3.1.7)
addressing lifecycle asset (3.1.1)(3.1.1) management.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.11
interoperability
capability of two or more entities to exchange items in accordance with a set of rules and mechanisms
implemented by an interface in each entity, order to perform their specific tasks
Note 1 to entry: Examples of entities include devices, equipment, machines, people, processes, applications,
computer firmware and application software units, data exchange systems (3.1.12)(3.1.17) and enterprises.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of items include services information, material in standards, design documents and
drawings, improvement projects, energy reduction programs, control activities, asset (3.1.1)(3.1.1) description and
ideas.
Note 3 to entry: In this context, entities provide items to, and accept items from, other entities, and they use the
items exchanged in this way to enable them to operate effectively together.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101-1:2019]
3.1.12
nuclear digital ecosystem
NDE
digital ecosystem {3.5](3.1.7) specialised for application to nuclear power facilities and related activities
Note 1 to entry: The objective is to provide principles, methodologies and technologies to enable sharing of shared
resources across nuclear industry and beyond, and their specialization in each specific domain and discipline.
Note 2 to entry: There is a trend to name these shared resources “Commons”
3.1.13
process,noun
set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended result
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.4.1, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.1.1]

3.1.14
property
A Property is a named measurable or observable attribute, quality or characteristic of a systemssystem
[SOURCE: Object Management Group. 2003. "Property." In SE Conceptual Model Semantic Dictionary
(Draft 12_03-27-03). Available at
http://syseng.omg.org/SE_Conceptual%20Model/Draft%2012/Concept%20Model%20Semantic%20Di
ctionary%2012th%20Draft%20Partitioned%203_27_03.xls ] see
https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Property_(glossary)

3.1.15
reference data library
RDL
managed collection of reference data
[SOURCE: ISO 15926-1:2004]
3.1.16
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.4, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.1.2]17

3.1.13
system
combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes
Note 1 to entry: A system is sometimes considered as a product or as the services it provides.
Note 2 to entry: In practice, the interpretation of its meaning is frequently clarified by the use of an associative noun,
e.g.,. aircraft system. Alternatively, the word “system” is substituted simply by a context-dependent synonym, e.g.,.
aircraft, though this potentially obscures a system principles perspective.
Note 3 to entry: A complete system includes all of the associated equipment, facilities, material, computer programs,
firmware, technical documentation, services and personnel required for operations and support to the degree
necessary for self-sufficient use in its intended environment.
Note 4 to entry: A system is also interacting with its environment.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015]

3.1.1418
system element
member of the combination of elements that constitutes a system (3.1.12)(3.1.17)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AI
artificial intelligence

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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
ALARA
As Low As Reasonably Achievable

BIM
Building Information Model (ISO 16739:2013)

CAD
Computer Aided Design

CAE
Computer Aided Engineering

CFIHOS
Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification

CNS
Convention on Nuclear Safety

DMS
Document Management System

EAM
enterprise asset management

EPC
engineering, procurement and construction

ERP
enterprise resource planning

ESPN
Equipment Sous Pression Nucléaire, Nuclear Pressure Equipment

FMEA
failure mode effects and criticality analysis

HVAC
heating, ventilation and air conditioning

IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency

IFC
Industry Foundation Classes (ISO 16739:2013)

IIoT
Industrial Internet of Things

IVV
Integration, Verification and Validation

LOTAR
Long Term Archiving

LTKR
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
Long Term Knowledge Retention

MR
Micro Reactor

NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

NPP
Nuclear Power Plant

O&M
Operation and Maintenance

OO
Owner and Operator

PLM
Product Lifecycle Management
plant lifecycle management

PWR
Pressurized Water Reactor

RDL
Reference Data Library

SMR
Small Modular Reactor

SOP
Standard Operating Procedures

SSC
Structure System Component

SSoT
Single Source of Truth

WANO
World Association of Nuclear Operators
4 About the nuclear industry
The
AI artificial intelligence
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
ANN artificial neural network
APR advanced pattern recognition
BIM building information model (see ISO 16739-1)
BWR boiling water reactor
CAD computer aided design
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
CAE computer aided engineering
CDE common data environment
CDF core damage frequency
CFIHOS Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification
CM configuration management
CNS Convention on Nuclear Safety
DMS document management system
DT digital twin
EAM enterprise asset management
EPC engineering, procurement and construction
ERP enterprise resource planning
eSOMS electronic shift operations management system
ESPN nuclear pressure equipment (equipement sous pression nucléaire)
FAIR findable, accessible, interoperable end reusable
HLW high-level waste
HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
ISDC International Structure for Decommissioning Costs (ISDC) of the OECD
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IFC industry foundation classes (see ISO 16739-1)
IIoT industrial internet of things
IVV integration, verification and validation
K-PIM knowledge-centric plant information model
LD linked data
LLW low-level waste
LOTAR long term archiving
LTKR long term knowledge retention
MBSE model-based systems engineering
MR micro reactor
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA)
NLP natural language processing
NPP nuclear power plant
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USA)
O&M operation and maintenance
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OO owner and operator
O&M operations and maintenance
PIM plant information model
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
PLM product lifecycle management
plant lifecycle management
PWR pressurized water reactor
RDF resource description framework
RDL reference data library
SMR small modular reactor
SNF spent nuclear fuel
SSC structure system component
SSoT single source of truth
SW semantic web
WANO World Association of Nuclear Operators
WBS work breakdown structure
4 Overview of the nuclear industry
4.1 Nuclear fuel cycle
[1]
The nuclear industry can be analyzedanalysed starting with the fuel cycle [1],, and includes all activities
from the uranium mining, fuel fabrication, construction of the nuclear installations, operation and
maintenanceO&M of the nuclear installations, decommissioning, fuel reprocessing, waste management
and waste disposal.
Whilst reprocessing of nuclear fuel is possible, with facilities to manage the valuable material and the
waste produced during the whole fuel cycle, which prefigures a circular economy, it is currently not
regularly practiced in a large fraction of the world’s nuclear power plantNPP fleet.
An integrated management of the data produced during all the fuel cycle and in all the facilities involved
in this cycle will bring a clear added value.
The lack of interoperability of data along this cycle is conservatively estimated from 1 % to 3 % of the
[2]
cost of investment of all of these facilities [2]. At an international level, this represents tens of billions
of Euros. Data interoperability and traceability is moreover a regulatory requirement for the nuclear
industry.
With the extended use of digital tools at every step of the cycle, it is of the utmost importance that
standards support the interoperability of data which must be accessible for reuse for time spans of more
than 100 years.
Sharing a global understanding of the situation of the nuclear industry as a system of systems is key.
Systems engineering combined with Model Based Systems EngineeringMBSE in a digital environment
offer the best available framework of a global understanding.
Standards to support interoperability of the nuclear ecosystem are numerous and various and concern
plants, products, buildings, material, fuel, waste and the environment. The governance of these standards
is mademanaged locally by subject matter experts to support specific needs of the actors.
4.2 Nuclear power plant (NPP) safety leadership and management
Safety is a critical issue in the nuclear industry, and the prime public concern asof the 1986 Chernobyl
accident and the 2011 Fukushima I accident would confirm their worst fears. confirmed the concerns.
This is reflected in IAEA CNS (Convention on Nuclear Safety, 9th Feb 2015):[73]:
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
— New nuclear power plantsNPPs are to be designed, sited, and constructed, consistent with the
objective of preventing accidents in the commissioning and operation and, should an accident occur,
mitigating possible releases of radionuclides causing long-term off-site contamination and avoiding
early radioactive releases or radioactive releases large enough to require long-term protective
measures and actions.
— Comprehensive and systematic safety assessments are to be carried out periodically and regularly for
existing installations throughout their lifetime to identify safety improvements that are oriented to
meet the above objective. Reasonably practicable or achievable safety improvements are to be
implemented in a timely manner.
— National requirements and regulations for addressing this objective throughout the lifetime of
nuclear power plantsNPPs are to consider the relevant IAEA Safety Standards and, as appropriate,
other good practices as identified inter alia in the Review Meetings of the CNS.
Safety in this clause focuses on key radiation-related aspects of NPP O&M safety, namely nuclear safety,
radiation protection and radioactive waste management. Safety data is essential for safety management.
When considering safety in relation to nuclear facilities there are a number of different domains to be
considered (both nuclear industry specific and general) including: nuclear safety supervision according
to regulations and operation license documents, change management of safety justification basis for the
license extension (e.g. change of safety related SSCs, change of operating limits and conditions, etc.).).
Nuclear safety inspection requires the recording data of NPP operation LCO (Limiting Condition for
Operation (LCO), periodic test data related to safety, parameters of safety system and the defect reporting
data, etc.
Radiation protection -: the goal of NPP radiation protection is to ensure that O&M personnel are exposed
to doses below the limits, and to maintain the radiation at reasonable and feasible levels, and to protect
the public people and the environment. The main work of radiation protection includes radiation work
management, radiation dose control, radiation pollution control, radioactive material control, radiation
monitoring and so on, all of which require data of RWP (Radiation Work Permit), (RWP) data, ALARA,
radiographic testing permit, individual dose record, personnel RP (radiation protection) certificate, etc.
Radioactive waste management -: The principles of radioactive waste management are radioactive waste
minimization and radioactive effluentseffluent optimization. Radioactive waste management requires
continuous monitoring data of the effluents, and the sampling analysis data, etc.
‘Safety leadership and Management’management requires the involvement and active participation of all
parties and will take benefit ofbenefits from a system engineering approach. The ISO 8000 Data
Qualityseries is an important standard to helpwhich helps to improve NPP safety data quality.
IAEA has provided a series of safety standards as well as international cooperation to ensure that high
safety performance would beis attained -. All countries with operating NPP toNPPs report on the
implementation of their obligations under CNS for international peer review. WANO also has programs
to help improve safety.
Digital technology has been implemented to help improve NPP safety, as NPP safety management is still
largely paper-based now. In China, blockchain technology is used for personal exposure data
management. In France, a unique collaborative ‘ESPN digital’ platform centralizes safety
requirementsrequirement management for all stakeholders. In the Pallas project in the Netherlands
blockchain principles are adopted by means of attaching a digital signature to each digital statement in
the project repository (Common Data Environment)[common data environment (CDE)] which defines
meta data likesuch as provenance, access rights, confidentiality, and when applicable, the replace chain
(history) of each statement (as per ISO/TS 15926-11 ed2). ).
A few data interoperability barriers are hinderinghinder NPP safety, for example, the lack of an
international standard for the safety classification of equipment, as shown in the following tableTable 1.
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ISO/DTR 20123:(E)
Table 1 – — Illustration of the framework for safety management –— Source: Safety
Classification for I&C Systems in Nuclear Power Plants – Current Status and Difficulties, World
Nuclear Association, March 2020 [74]:
Organizations or
Safety classification of I&C functions and systems in nuclear plants
countries
Main international standardstandards organizations
Items important to safety
IAEA safety glossary Safety-related items
Inserted Cells
Safety
systems
 Safety features (for DEC) Items not important to
safety
Safety Safety category
Function Safety category 2
IAEA
category 1 3
SSG-30
System Safety class 1 Safety class 2 Safety class 3
Systems not Important to
  Systems important to safety
Inserted C
...

FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 20123
ISO/TC 184/SC 4
Automation systems and
Secretariat: ANSI
integration — Industrial data
Voting begins on:
2023-04-12 — Nuclear digital ecosystem
specifications
Voting terminates on:
2023-06-07
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 20123
ISO/TC 184/SC 4
Automation systems and
Secretariat: ANSI
integration — Industrial data
Voting begins on:
— Nuclear digital ecosystem
specifications
Voting terminates on:
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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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ii
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023

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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 4
4 Overview of the nuclear industry .6
4.1 Nuclear fuel cycle . 6
4.2 Nuclear power plant (NPP) safety leadership and management . 6
4.3 Differences between nuclear industry and other industries . 8
5 Review of national reports . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 New build . 10
5.3 Operations and maintenance (O&M) . 10
5.4 Decommissioning . 11
5.5 Summary of national reports . 11
5.6 High level requirements and some generic use cases .12
5.7 Business case based on the adoption of industrial data standards .12
6 Framework for enterprise interoperability .13
6.1 General .13
6.2 Generic barriers to interoperability . 14
6.2.1 General . 14
6.2.2 Organizational . 14
6.2.3 Methodology and technology . 15
6.2.4 Semantics . 15
6.3 Nuclear industry specific barriers to interoperability . 15
6.4 Cybersecurity . 16
6.4.1 General . 16
6.4.2 Main cybersecurity challenges . 16
6.4.3 Main applicable security regulations, norms and standards . 17
6.5 Maturity roadmap . 17
7 Fundamental pillars of a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE) .17
7.1 General . 17
7.2 Configuration management (CM) . 18
7.3 Requirements management . 19
7.4 Breakdown structure management . 20
7.5 Reference data management . 23
8 Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and standardized industrial models .24
8.1 Systems engineering and model-based systems engineering (MBSE). 24
8.2 Standardized industrial models. 25
8.2.1 General . 25
8.2.2 ISO 15926 series .26
8.2.3 ISO 10303 series . .28
8.2.4 BIM standards for the build environment .30
9 Advanced methodologies and technologies for model-based systems engineering
(MBSE) .31
9.1 General . 31
9.2 Property modelling . 31
9.3 Process modelling . 33
9.4 Semantic modelling of reference data .34
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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
9.5 Knowledge representation .34
9.6 Data quality .34
9.7 3-D geometry and topology. 35
9.8 Digital twin (DT) . 35
9.9 Long term archiving (LOTAR) . 37
9.10 Alternative methods, standards and tools to be explored .38
10 Proposed strategy and high-level road map .38
10.1 General .38
10.2 Proposed strategy . 39
10.3 Strategic structured roadmap for future standards development .40
10.3.1 General .40
10.3.2 Strong, simple, shared framework . 41
10.3.3 Methodology of application . 42
10.3.4 Technical guidelines . 42
10.3.5 Future work items . . . 42
10.4 Orientation for managers and practitioners of the nuclear industry . 43
10.4.1 General . 43
10.4.2 Systems engineering . 43
10.4.3 Methods and knowledge representation .44
10.4.4 Impact of digital technology on standards for the nuclear ecosystem .44
Annex A (informative) Nuclear power in China .45
Annex B (Informative) Nuclear power in France .52
Annex C (informative) Nuclear power in Japan .57
Annex D (informative) Nuclear power in the Netherlands .61
Annex E (informative) Nuclear power in the Republic of Korea .69
Annex F (informative) Nuclear power in the United Kingdom .71
Annex G (informative) Nuclear power in the United States of America (USA).74
Bibliography .82
iv
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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at  www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 04 Industrial data.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to bring all current knowledge together about standardization of
information on nuclear installations in the nuclear industry.
This document provides orientations for how the concept of an industrial digital ecosystem can
be realised for the nuclear industry, its installations and practices. These orientations are based on
surveys of the state of the art for the adoption of digital methods and technology for the nuclear sectors
by the participating members of ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and a review of the current state of the standards
for the digital representation of engineering data that are the responsibility of ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and
international standards from other TCs/SCs from ISO, IEC, CEN and some de­facto international
industry standards.
The objective is to provide the nuclear industry with a common framework to address the intertwined
aspects to manage digital information based on standards and related to nuclear facilities and materials.
The nuclear facilities are composed of all the physical structures, systems, and components: mining,
fuel manufacturing, nuclear material transport, nuclear power plants (NPPs), reprocessing plants,
waste management and disposal facilities.
This document aims to support operational processes in a nuclear ecosystem using digital tools to
produce, manage and share information.
It is based on the experience and skills of experts with generic competencies in standards for industrial
data, developed during the past years in the edition of standards for product modelling, plant modelling
and construction modelling associated with some specific experience of some members in nuclear
facilities lifecycle, the corresponding information and records management in the lifecycle.
This document will be updated when new technological advances become available, as many initiatives
in the field of the “Industry of the future” are underway, the most relevant of which is the development
of the digital twin (DT). The corresponding outcomes can be integrated in a viable roadmap with
steps to effectively guide practitioners of the nuclear ecosystem in implementing methodologies and
technologies to make effective the benefit of the proposed standards.
This document does not provide answers to all of the issues but does raise questions and identifies
barriers for successful implementation which will be addressed to create a digital ecosystem in the
nuclear industry. It does provide a simple conceptual framework and a roadmap to guide the actors of
the nuclear ecosystem.
To consolidate this perspective, this document has taken into account nuclear technology and the
constraints on the nuclear industry. Developing a standardization framework for the nuclear industry
could also be useful in order to face long standing issues met in conventional industries regarding
information management.
Radioactivity structures all of the activities in the nuclear industry and strongly impacts the needs and
the way of modelling facilities and of organising information to support the business processes.
Innovation and standardization will enable a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE), which could be
downsized for conventional industries with specific lighter requirements.
This methodology offers the best guarantee to meet the specific needs of a nuclear ecosystem and to
reuse generic models, relationships, and standards already available or prepare their adaptation or
extension for the future.
vi
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
Automation systems and integration — Industrial data —
Nuclear digital ecosystem specifications
1 Scope
This document provides:
— a review and summary of the adoption of digital methods and technology in the national nuclear
sectors;
— a summary of the state of the art of some of the standards supporting the digital representation and
interoperability of industrial data;
— orientation on the use of these standards for model-based systems engineering (MBSE) in order to
achieve a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE);
— a high-level roadmap of the stages by which this ecosystem can be achieved, taking into account the
maturity of the actors of the ecosystem, their relationships and the added value of using advanced
standards.
NOTE The complete reports from the participating entities are presented in Annexes A to F.
This document includes the following:
— the systems composing the nuclear facilities and their input, output, and other products resulting
from interactions in the nuclear system or with its environment;
— the material accounting and the corresponding requirements;
— waste management: all types of nuclear waste produced during processes and activities, and their
properties are considered for a seamless management of information in the whole value chain of the
nuclear ecosystem.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
asset
item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to an organization
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101:2019]
1
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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
3.1.2
information
knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes (3.1.13), or ideas, including
concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121271, modified — Field of application and notes to entry have been
removed]
3.1.3
data
reinterpretable representation of information (3.1.2) in a formalized manner suitable for communication,
interpretation, or processing
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121272, modified — Notes to entry have been removed]
3.1.4
data element
member of a data set (3.1.5)
3.1.5
data set
logically meaningful group of data
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101­1:2019]
3.1.6
data quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of data fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: Examples of requirements for quality data also include data integrity, data validation, data
portability, data synchronization and the data provenance record.
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.8.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been modified.]
3.1.7
digital ecosystem
distributed, adaptive, open, socio-technical system with properties of self-organisation, scalability and
sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101­1:2019]
3.1.8
digital representation
manner in which information is stored for interpretation by a machine
[SOURCE: ASME Y 14.47 – 2019]
3.1.9
domain
field of special knowledge, which can be further subdivided according to requirements to support a
higher level of specialized detail
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101­1:2019]
3.1.10
information model
formal model of a bounded set of facts, concepts or instructions to meet a specified requirement
Note 1 to entry: In this context, the description of domain (3.1.9) entities in a digital ecosystem (3.1.7) addressing
lifecycle asset (3.1.1) management.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101­1:2019]
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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
3.1.11
interoperability
capability of two or more entities to exchange items in accordance with a set of rules and mechanisms
implemented by an interface in each entity, order to perform their specific tasks
Note 1 to entry: Examples of entities include devices, equipment, machines, people, processes, applications,
computer firmware and application software units, data exchange systems (3.1.17) and enterprises.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of items include services information, material in standards, design documents and
drawings, improvement projects, energy reduction programs, control activities, asset (3.1.1) description and
ideas.
Note 3 to entry: In this context, entities provide items to, and accept items from, other entities, and they use the
items exchanged in this way to enable them to operate effectively together.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 18101­1:2019]
3.1.12
nuclear digital ecosystem
NDE
digital ecosystem (3.1.7) specialised for application to nuclear power facilities and related activities
Note 1 to entry: The objective is to provide principles, methodologies and technologies to enable sharing of shared
resources across nuclear industry and beyond, and their specialization in each specific domain and discipline.
Note 2 to entry: There is a trend to name these shared resources “Commons”
3.1.13
process, noun
set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended result
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.4.1, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.14
property
named measurable or observable attribute, quality or characteristic of a system
3.1.15
reference data library
RDL
managed collection of reference data
[SOURCE: ISO 15926­1:2004]
3.1.16
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.4, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.17
system
combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes
Note 1 to entry: A system is sometimes considered as a product or as the services it provides.
Note 2 to entry: In practice, the interpretation of its meaning is frequently clarified by the use of an associative
noun, e.g. aircraft system. Alternatively, the word “system” is substituted simply by a context-dependent
synonym, e.g. aircraft, though this potentially obscures a system principles perspective.
Note 3 to entry: A complete system includes all of the associated equipment, facilities, material, computer
programs, firmware, technical documentation, services and personnel required for operations and support to
the degree necessary for self-sufficient use in its intended environment.
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ISO/DTR 20123:2023(E)
Note 4 to entry: A system is also interacting with its environment.
3.1.18
system element
member of the combination of elements that constitutes a system (3.1.17)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AI artificial intelligence
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
ANN artificial neural network
APR advanced pattern recognition
BIM building information model (see ISO 16739­1)
BWR boiling water reactor
CAD computer aided design
CAE computer aided engineering
CDE common dat
...