ISO/TR 23975:2019

Traditional Chinese medicine - Priority list of single herbal medicines for developing standards

This document provides a reference of single herbal medicines in order of their priority in the development of international standards.

Médecine traditionnelle chinoise — Liste prioritaire de médicaments à base de plantes pour les normes en cours de développement

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Nov-2019
• ICS: 01.120 - Standardization. General rules
• ICS: 11.120.10 - Medicaments
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 249 - Traditional Chinese medicine
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 249/WG 1 - Quality and safety of raw materials and traditional processing
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 08-Jan-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO/TR 23975:2025 - Traditional Chinese medicine - Priority list of single herbal medicines for developing standards
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2023

Overview

ISO/TR 23975:2019 - Traditional Chinese medicine - Priority list of single herbal medicines for developing standards - is a Technical Report published by ISO in 2019. It provides a ranked reference list of single herbal medicines to guide the systematic development of international standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) single herbs. Prepared by ISO/TC 249 (Traditional Chinese medicine), the report is informational (no normative references) and is intended as a planning tool for standards bodies, regulators and industry.

Key topics

• Purpose and scope
  • Presents a priority list of single herbal medicines for standard development.
  • Supports globally harmonized standards to improve consumer safety and trade.
• Principles used to set priorities
  • International trade volume (example top exporters: ginseng, goji/lycium, rehmannia).
  • Inclusion in pharmacopoeias (PRC, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Europe, USP, Thailand).
  • Safety concerns, including herbs reported to cause adverse drug reactions (ADR).
  • Existing ISO standards and standards under development.
  • Conservation status - herbs listed under CITES are given lower priority.
  • Expert consultation and statistical data analysis.
• Technical indexes and data processing
  • Sections cover international trading data, pharmacopoeial occurrence, safety records, current standards status, endangered-species listings, and methods for expert consultation and data statistics.
• Deliverables
  • A ranked list (main list and Annex A covering ranks 101–366) to help plan standard development timelines.

Applications

• Standards development organizations - prioritize resources to develop monograph-like standards for high-impact herbs.
• Regulators and public health agencies - identify herbs requiring urgent quality/safety standards due to ADR reports or high trade volume.
• Pharmacopoeia committees and laboratories - align testing methods and monographs internationally.
• Herbal manufacturers, exporters and importers - focus compliance and quality assurance efforts on high-priority single herbs.
• Researchers and NGOs - use the priority list for risk assessment, conservation and safety studies.

Related standards and references

• Prepared by ISO/TC 249, and cross-references multiple national and regional pharmacopoeias (PRC, HKS, JP, KP, EUP, USP, THP).
• Useful alongside WHO and national TCM guidance when harmonizing monographs, quality control methods and safety assessments.

Keywords: ISO/TR 23975:2019, Traditional Chinese medicine, single herbal medicines, priority list, international standards, pharmacopoeia, adverse drug reactions, CITES, ISO/TC 249.

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 23975
First edition
2019-11
Traditional Chinese medicine —
Priority list of single herbal medicines
for developing standards
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles . 1
5 Technical indexes . 1
5.1 International trading . 1
5.2 Single herbal medicines recorded in pharmacopoeias . 3
5.3 Safety concerns .36
5.4 Single herbal medicine standards published or under development .43
5.5 Endangered species .43
6 Data processing .44
6.1 Expert consultation .44
6.2 Data statistics .44
7 Single herbal medicines in order of priority .44
Annex A (informative) Priority list of single herbal medicines ranked from 101 to 366 .50
Bibliography .62
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicine.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Being a significant part of traditional medicine systems and general health services, traditional Chinese
medicine is estimated to be used in over 180 countries and regions around the world. This is reflected
by the statistics cited from the WHO report that there are 4 billion people in the world using herbal
medicines, accounting for 80 % of the total world population. Asia, North America, and Europe are
regarded as the major markets for herbal medicines. Moreover, incomplete Chinese customs statistics
show that the import and export of herbal medicine products in China was worth over 4,7 billion USD in
2015. Therefore, it is very important to develop globally harmonized standards in order to ensure the
safety of consumers. In particular, those herbal medicines which have been reported to cause adverse
drug reactions (ADR) are drawing much attention from national health administrations.
There are a great number of single herbs on the market; for instance, 618 kinds of herbs have been
included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Currently, organizations, regions and
countries including ISO, WHO, the European Union, China, Japan, Korea, the USA, the UK and Thailand
are making valuable contributions by developing standards for single herbs. This document presents
a list of single herbal medicines in order of priority for the purposes of developing standards on single
herbs in a scientific and orderly manner. This document can be used as a reference by any organization
wishing to develop standards on single herbal medicines.
The following factors have been considered in setting the priorities:
— the trade volume of each single herbal medicine in the global market;
— whether the herbal medicine is recorded by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, Hong
Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the Korean Pharmacopoeia, the
European Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopoeia or the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia;
— whether there are potential risks from its use;
— whether the herbal medicine is listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
[27]
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) ;
— opinions from experts.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 23975:2019(E)
Traditional Chinese medicine — Priority list of single
herbal medicines for developing standards
1 Scope
This document provides a reference of single herbal medicines in order of their priority in the
development of international standards.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principles
4.1 Herbal medicines which have a large international trading value are listed as high priority.
4.2 Standards of common herbal medicines recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic
of China, Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the Korean
Pharmacopoeia, the European Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopoeia and the Thai Herbal
Pharmacopoeia are listed as high priority.
4.3 Herbal medicines that have safety concerns, such as those widely reported to cause ADR, are listed
as high priority.
4.4 Single herbal medicines for which there are existing ISO standards are listed as high priority.
4.5 Herbal medicines which are included in CITES are listed as low priority.
5 Technical indexes
5.1 International trading
Table 1 provides information on single herbal medicines which had a large international trading value
in China from 2012 to 2016 (sorted by export value).
Table 1 — The top 30 average export values of single herbal medicines in China from 2012 to 2016
Rank Herbal name Pharmaceu- Chinese English name Average
tical name name export value
(RMB)
1 Panax ginseng root ginseng radix ginseng 126 734 151,80
人参
et rhizoma
2 Lycium barbarum fruit lycii fructus 枸杞子 barbary wolfberry 94 077 843,40
fruit
3 Rehmannia glutinosa root rehmanniae 地黄 rehmannia root 44 922 908,20
radix
4 Codonopsis pilosula root/Co- codonopsis 党参 tangshen 41 610 730,40
donopsis pilosula var. modesta radix
root/Codonopsis tangshen root
5 Atractylodes macrocephala atractylo- 白术 largehead atracty- 38 199 927
rhizome dis macro- lodes rhizome
cephalae
rhizoma
6 Poria cocos sclerotium poria 茯苓 Indian bread 36 716 994,40
7 Chrysanthemum morifolium chrysan- 菊花 chrysanthemum flower 34 606 367
capitulum themi flos
8 Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome chuanxiong 川芎 Szechwan lovage 31 187 826,60
rhizoma rhizome
9 Paeonia lactiflora root paeoniae 白芍 white peony root 27 389 650,20
radix alba
10 Panax notoginseng root and notoginseng 三七 sanchi 25 725 161,60
rhizome radix et rhi-
zoma
11 Pinellia ternata tuber pinelliae 半夏 pinellia tuber 24 263 936,40
rhizoma
12 Astragalus membranaceus var. astragli radix milkvetch root 22 314 041,40
黄芪
mongholicus root/Astragalus
membranaceus root
13 Glycyrrhiza glabra root and glycyrrhizae 甘草 licorice root 21 464 347,60
rhizome/Glycyrrhiza inflata radix et rhi-
root and rhizome/Glycyrrhiza zoma
glabra root and rhizome
14 Angelica sinensis root angelicae sin-当归 Chinese angelica 21 158 784,20
ensis radix
15 Eucommia ulmoides stem bark eucommiae 杜仲 eucommia bark 18 636 687
cortex
16 Panax quinquefolium root panacis 西洋参 American ginseng 15 863 902
quinquefolii
radix
17 Cordyceps sinensis stroma cordyceps Chinese caterpillar 13 309 846,20
冬虫夏草
fungus
18 Cervus nippon antler/Cervus cervi cornu 鹿茸 deer horn 12 191 913
elaphus antler pantotri-
chum
19 Scutellaria baicalensis root scutellariae 黄芩 baical skullcap root 9 314 610,60
radix
NOTE 1  Data from China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Medicines and Health Products (CCCMHPIE).
NOTE 2  Deer horn is a kind of animal material and opium poppy seed is not recorded by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's
Republic of China, therefore these data will not be counted in the final result.
NOTE 3  Export value of herbal medicine from other countries, if any, will be complemented.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Table 1 (continued)
Rank Herbal name Pharmaceu- Chinese English name Average
tical name name export value
(RMB)
20 Rheum palmatum root and rhi- rhei radix et rhubarb 7 318 400,40
大黄
zome/Rheum tanguticum root rhizoma
and rhizome/Rheum officinale
root and rhizome
21 Papaver somniferum seed papaveris 罂粟子 opium poppy seed 6 819 266,80
semen
22 Sophora japonica flower and sophorae flos 槐花 pagodatree flower 5 297 235,80
flower bud
23 Fritillaria cirrhosa bulb/Fri- fritillariae 川贝母/浙 tendrilleaf fritillary 4 263 230,20
tillaria unibracteata bulb/ cirrhosae 贝母 bulb/thunberg fritil-
Fritillaria przewalskii bulb/Fri- bulbus/ lary bulb
tillaria delavayi bulb/Fritillaria fritillariae
taipaiensis bulb/Fritillaria uni- thunbergii
bracteata var. wabuensis bulb/ bulbus
Fritillaria thunbergii bulb
24 Coptis chinensis rhizome/Cop- coptidis 黄连 golden thread 4 172 511,20
tis deltoidea rhizome/Coptis rhizoma
teeta rhizome
25 Adenophora tetraphylla root/ adenophorae 南/北沙参 fourleaf ladybell root/ 3 240 574,80
Glehnia littoralis root radix/glehni- coastal glehnia root
ae radix
26 Ephedra sinica stem/Ephedra ephedrae ephedra 2 995 217,80
麻黄
intermedia stem/Ephedra equi- herba
setina stem
27 Curcuma longa rhizome curcumae 姜黄 turmeric 2 667 216,40
longae rhi-
zoma
28 Gastrodia elata tuber gastrodiae 天麻 tall gastrodia tuber 2 239 951,60
rhizoma
29 Sterculia lychnophora seed sterculiae 胖大海 boat-fruited sterculia 1 922 922,20
lychnopho- seed
rae semen
30 Crocus sativus stigma croci stigma 西红花 saffron 1 864 890,40
NOTE 1  Data from China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Medicines and Health Products (CCCMHPIE).
NOTE 2  Deer horn is a kind of animal material and opium poppy seed is not recorded by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's
Republic of China, therefore these data will not be counted in the final result.
NOTE 3  Export value of herbal medicine from other countries, if any, will be complemented.
5.2 Single herbal medicines recorded in pharmacopoeias
In total there are 301 kinds of single herbal medicines recorded at least twice among the Pharmacopoeia of
the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia,
the Korean Pharmacopoeia, the European Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopoeia and the Thai
Herbal Pharmacopoeia (see Table 2). There are 253 kinds of single herbal medicines that are recorded
both in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica
Standards, 92 recorded both in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the Japanese
Pharmacopoeia, 104 recorded both in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the
Korean Pharmacopoeia, 64 recorded both in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the
European Pharmacopoeia, 20 recorded both in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and
the United States Pharmacopoeia and 18 recorded both in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of
China and the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 — Single herbal medicines recorded in seven pharmacopoeias or standards
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
6 Atractylodes chinense atractylodis rhizoma 苍术 atractylodes rhizome x x x x x x
rhizome/Atractylodes
lancea rhizome
6 Curcuma longa rhi- curcumae longae rhi- turmeric x x x x x x Curcuma domestica
姜黄
zome zoma rhizome
6 Polygonum multi- polygoni multiflori fleeceflower root x x x x x x
何首乌
florum root tuber radix
6 Salvia miltiorrhiza salviae miltiorrhizae 丹参 danshen root x x x x x x
root and rhizome radix et rhizoma
6 Schisandra chinensis schisandrae chinensis 五味子 Chinese magnoliavine x x x x x x
fruit fructus fruit
6 Zingiber officinale zingiberis rhizoma 干姜 zingiber (dried ginger) x x x x x x
rhizome
5 Anemarrhena aspho- anemarrhenae rhizoma知母 common anemarrhe- x x x x x
deloides rhizome na rhizome
5 Angelica dahurica angelicae dahuricae dahurian angelica root x x x x x
白芷
root/angelica dahu- radix
rica root
5 Areca catechu seed arecae semen 槟榔 areca seed x x x x x
5 Astragalus membran- astragli radix 黄芪 milkvetch root x x x x x
aceus var. mongholi-
cus root/Astragalus
membranaceus root
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
5 Capsicum annuum capsici fructus 辣椒 hot pepper x x x x x Capsicum annuum
fruit var. minimum fruit/
Capsium frutescens
fruit/Capsicum mini-
mum fruit/Capsicum
fastigiatum fruit
5 Carthamus tinctorius carthami flos 红花 safflower x x x x x
flower
5 Cassia angustifolia sennae folium senna leaf x x x x x Cassia senna dried
番泻叶
leaf/Cassia acutifolia leaflet
leaf
5 Cassia obtusifolia cassiae semen 决明子 cassia seed x x x x x
seed/cassia tora seed
5 Cinnamomum cassia cinnamomi cortex 肉桂 cassia bark x x x x x Cinnamomum verum
bark bark
5 Codonopsis pilosula codonopsis radix 党参 tangshen x x x x x
root/Codonopsis
pilosula var. modes-
ta root/Codonopsis
tangshen root
5 Coix lacrymajobi var. coicis semen 薏苡仁 coix seed x x x x x Coix lacrymajobi ssp.
mayuen kernel mayuen kernel
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
5 Dioscorea opposita dioscoreae rhizoma 山药 common yam rhizome x x x x x Dioscorea japonica
rhizome rhizome/Dioscorea
batatas rhizome/Di-
oscorea polystachya
rhizome
5 Ephedra sinica stem/ ephedrae herba 麻黄 ephedra x x x x x
Ephedra intermedia
stem/Ephedra equi-
setina stem
5 Eucommia ulmoides eucommiae cortex eucommia bark x x x x x
杜仲
bark
5 Foeniculum vulgare foeniculi fructus 小茴香 fennel x x x x x Foeniculum vulgare
fruit ssp. vulgare fruit
5 Lycium barbarum fruit lycii fructus 枸杞子 barbary wolfberry x x x x x Lycium chinense fruit
fruit
5 Panax ginseng root ginseng radix et rhi- 人参 ginseng x x x x x
zoma
5 Prunella vulgaris prunellae spica 夏枯草 common selfheal x x x x x Prunella vulgaris var.
fruit-spike fruit-spike lilacina spike
5 Pueraria lobata root puerariae lobatae radix葛根 kudzuvine root x x x x x
5 Rehmannia glutinosa rehmanniae radix 地黄 rehmannia root x x x x x Rehmannia glutinosa
root var. purpurea root
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
5 Rheum palmatum rhei radix et rhizoma 大黄 rhurbarb x x x x x Rheum palmatum
root and rhizome/ rhizome/Rheum
Rheum tanguticum tanguticum rhizome/
root and rhizome/ Rheum officinale
Rheum officinale root rhizome/rheum
and rhizome coreanum rhizome
4 Achyranthes bidenta- achyranthis bidenta- 牛膝 twotoothed achyran- x x x x
ta root tae radix thes root
4 Akebia quinata stem/ akebiae caulis akebia stem x x x x
木通
akebia trifoliata stem/
akebia trifoliata var.
australis stem
4 Alisma orientale tuber alismatis rhizoma 泽泻 oriental waterplan- x x x x
tain rhizome
4 Amomum villosum amomi fructus 砂仁 villous amomum fruit x x x x Amomum xanthi-
fruit/Amomum villo- oides seed
sum var. xanthioides
fruit/Amomum long-
gigulare fruit
4 Andrographis panicu- andrographidis herba 穿心莲 common androgra- x x x x
lata herb phis herb
4 Angelica sinensis root angelicae sinensis radix Chinese angelica x x x x Angelica archangeli-
ca root
4 Atractylodes macro- atractylodis macro- largehead atracty- x x x x Atractylodes japoni-
白术
cephala rhizome cephalae rhizoma lodes rhizome ca rhizome
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
4 Aucklandia lappa root aucklandiae radix 木香 common aucklandia x x x x
root
4 Bupleurum chinense bupleuri radix 柴胡 Chinese thorowrax x x x x Bulpleurum falcatum
root/Bupleurum scor- root root
zonerifolium root
4 Centella asiatica herb centellae herba asiatic pennywort herb x x x x Centella coriacea
积雪草
herb/Hydrocoty-
le asiatica herb/
Hydrocotyle lunata
herb/Trisanthus
cochinchinensis herb
4 Cimicifuga hera- cimicifugae rhizoma 升麻 largetrifoliolious bug- x x x x Cimicifuga simplex
cleifolia rhizome/ bane rhizome rhizome
Cimicifuga dahurica
rhizome/Cimicifuga
foetida rhizome
4 Coptis chinensis coptidis rhizoma 黄连 golden thread x x x x Coptis japonica rhi-
rhizome/Coptis del- zome
toidea rhizome/Cop-
tis teeta rhizome
4 Cornus officinalis corni fructus 山茱萸 asiatic cornelian cher- x x x x
sarcocarp ry fruit
4 Crocus sativus stigma croci stigma 西红花 saffron x x x x
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
4 Curcuma phaeocaulis curcumae rhizoma 莪术 zedoray rhizome x x x x Curcuma zedoaria
rhizome/Curcu- rhizome
ma kwangsiensis
rhizome/Curcuma
wenyujin rhizome
4 Cyperus rotundus cyperi rhizoma 香附 nutgrass galingale x x x x
rhizome rhizome
4 Drynaria fortunei drynariae rhizoma fortune's drynaria x x x x
骨碎补
rhizome rhizome
4 Euodia rutaecarpa euodiae fructus 吴茱萸 medicinal euodia fruit x x x x Euodia officinalis
fruit/Euodia rutae- fruit/Euodia bodinie-
carpa var. officinalis ri fruit
fruit/Euodia rutaecar-
pa var. bodinieri fruit
4 Epimedium brevicor- epimedii folium 淫羊藿 epimedium leaf x x x x Epimedium wushan-
num leaf/Epimedium ense leaf/Epimedium
sagittatum leaf/ grandiflorum var.
Epimedium pubes- thunbergianum leaf/
ceens leaf/Epimedium Epimedium semper-
koreanum leaf virens leaf
4 Forsythia suspensa forsythiae fructus 连翘 weeping forsythia x x x x Forsythia virdissima
fruit capsule fruit
4 Gardenia jasminoides gardeniae fructus 栀子 cape jasmine fruit x x x x
fruit
4 Ginkgo biloba leaf ginkgo folium ginkgo leaf x x x x
银杏叶
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

10 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
4 Glehnia littoralis root glehniae radix 北沙参 coastal glehnia root x x x x
4 Glycyrrhiza uralensis glycyrrhizae radix et licorice root x x x x
甘草
root and rhizome/ rhizoma
Glycyrrhiza inflata
root and rhizome/
Glycyrrhiza glabra
root and rhizome
4 Leonurum japonicus leonuri herba 益母草 motherwort herb x x x x Leonurus sibiricus
herb herb
4 Lindera aggregata linderae radix 乌药 combined spicebush x x x x Lindera strychnifolia
root tuber root root
4 Lonicera japonica lonicerae japonicae flos金银花 Japanese honeysuckle x x x x
flower flower
4 Lycopus lucidus var. lycopi herba 泽兰 hirsute shiny bugle- x x x x Lycopus lucidus herb
hirtus herb weed herb
4 Magnolia officinalis magnoliae officinalis 厚朴 officinal magnolia bark x x x x Magnolia obovata
bark/magnolia offici- cortex bark
nalis var. biloba bark
4 Myristica fragrans myristicae semen nutmeg x x x x
肉豆蔻
kernel
4 processed Aconitum aconiti lateralis radix 附子 prepared common x x x x
carmichaelii daugh- monkshood daughter
ter root root
4 Paeonia suffruticosa moutan cortex 牡丹皮 tree peony bark x x x x
root bark
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
4 Panax ginseng ginseng radix rubra 红参 red ginseng x x x x
steamed root
4 Panax notoginseng notoginseng radix et 三七 sanchi x x x x Panax pseudoginseng
root and rhizome rhizoma var. notoginseng root
4 Phellodendron phellodendri amuren- amur cork-tree x x x x Phellodendron chin-
关黄柏
amurense bark sis cortex ense bark
4 Picrorhiza scrophu- picrorhizae rhizoma 胡黄连 figwortflower picro- x x x x Picrorhiza kurrooa
lariiflora rhizome hiza rhizome root and rhizome
4 Platycodon grandif- platycodonis radix 桔梗 platycodon root x x x x
lorum root
4 Polygala sibirica root polygalae radix 远志 thinleaf milkwort root x x x x Polygala tenuifolia
root
4 Poria cocos sclerotium poria 茯苓 Indian bread x x x x
4 Prunus persica seed/ persicae semen 桃仁 peach seed x x x x Prunus persica var.
prunus davidiana seed davidiana seed
4 Saposhnikovia divari- saposhnikoviae radix 防风 divaricate saposhniko- x x x x Saposhnikovia
cata root via root divaricata root and
rhizome
4 Sesamum tenuifolia schizonepetae spica 荆芥穗 fineleaf schizonepeta x x x x schizonepeta tenuifo-
fruit-spike spike lia spike
4 Scutellaria baicalen- scutellariae radix 黄芩 baical skullcap root x x x x
sis root
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

12 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
4 Sinomenium acuturn sinomenii caulis 青风藤 orientvine stem x x x x
stem/sinamenium
acutum var. cinereum
stem
4 Sophora flavescens sophorae flavescentis 苦参 lightyellow sophora x x x x
root radix root
4 Strychnos nux-vomica strychni semen nux vomica x x x x
马钱子
seed
4 Styrax tonkinensis benzoinum 安息香 benzoin x x x x
resin
4 Tribulus terrestris tribuli fructus 蒺藜 puncturevine caltrop x x x x
fruit fruit
4 Ziziphus jujube fruit jujubae fructus 大枣 Chinese date x x x x Ziziphus jujube
var. inermis fruit/
ziziphus jujube var.
hoonensis fruit
3 Acanthopanax gracili- acanthopanacis cortex 五加皮 slenderstyle acantho- x x x
stylus root and bark panax bark
3 Actium lappa fruit arctii fructus 牛蒡子 great burdock achene x x x
3 Aloe barbadensis aloe 芦荟 aloes x x x Aloe jafricana juice/
juice/aloe ferox juice Aloe spicata juice
3 Alpinia katsumadai alpiniae katsumadai 草豆蔻 katsumada galangal x x x
seed semen seed
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Angelica pubescens f. angelicae pubescentis 独活 doubleteeth pubescent x x x
biserrata root radix angelica root
3 Areca catechu peri- arecae pericarpium 大腹皮 areca peel x x x
carp
3 Artemisia annua herb artemisiae annuae sweet wormwood herb x x x
青蒿
herba
3 Artemisia scoparia artemisiae scopariae 茵陈 virgate wormwood x x x
herb/artemisia capil- herba herb
laris flower
3 Aster tataricus root asteris radix et rhizoma紫菀 tatarian aster root x x x
and rhizome
3 Atropa belladonna belladonnae herba 颠茄草 belladonna herb x x x
herb
3 Belamcanda chinen- belamcandae rhizoma 射干 blackberrylily rhizome x x x
sis rhizome
3 Cibotium barometz cibotii rhizoma cibot rhizome x x x
狗脊
rhizome
3 Cinnamomum cassia cinnamomi ramulus 桂枝 cassia twig x x x
branch
3 Cistanche deserti- cistanches herba 肉苁蓉 desertliving cistanche x x x Cistanche salsa herb
cola fleshy stem /
Cistanche tubulosa
fleshy stem
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

14 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Citrus reticulata citri reticulatae peri- 陈皮 dried tangerine peel x x x
pericarp carpium
3 Citurs aurantium aurantii fructus im- 枳实 immature orange fruit x x x Citurs aurantium var.
fruit/Citurs sinensis maturus daidai fruit/Citurs
fruit natsu-daidai fruit
3 Clematis armandii clematidis armandii armand clematis stem x x x
川木通
stem/Clematis mon- caulis
tana stem
3 Commiphora molmol myrrha 没药 myrrh x x x
resin/Commiphora
myrrha resin
3 Cynomorium songari- cynomorii herba 锁阳 songaria cynomorium x x x
cum stem herb
3 Dictamnus dasycar- dictamni cortex 白鲜皮 densefruit pittany x x x
pus root bark root-bark
3 Dioscorea nipponica dioscoreae nipponicae 穿山龙 nippon yam rhizome x x x
rhizome rhizoma
3 Eclipta prostrata herb ecliptae herba 墨旱莲 yerbadetajo herb x x x
3 Equisetum hyemale equiseti hiemalis herba木贼 common scouring x x x Equisetum arvense
herb rush herb herb
3 Eribotrya japonica eribotryae folium 枇杷叶 loquat leaf x x x
leaf
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Erodium stepha-nia- erodii herba/geranii 老鹳草 common heron's bill x x x Geranium thunbergii
num herb/geranium herba herb/wilford granes- herb
wilfordii herb/gera- bill herb
nium carolinianum
herb/
3 Fritillaria cirrho- fritillariae cirrhosae 川贝母 tendrilleaf fritillary x x x
sa bulb/Fritillaria bulbus bulb
unibracteata bulb/
Fritillaria przewal-
skii bulb/Fritillaria
delavayi bulb/Fritil-
laria taipaiensis bulb/
Fritillaria unibractea-
ta var. wabuensis bulb
3 Gastrodia elata tuber gastrodiae rhizoma tall gastrodia tuber x x x
天麻
3 Gentiana manshurica gentianae radix et 龙胆 Chinese gentian x x x gentiana manshurica
root and rhizome/ rhizoma root and rhizome
Gentiana scabra root
and rhizome/Genti-
ana triflora root and
rhizome/Gentiana
rigescens root and
rhizome
3 Gleditsia sinensis spine gleditsiae spina 皂角刺 Chinese honeylocust x x x Gleditsia japonica
spine var. koraiensis thorn
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

16 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Houttuynia cordata houttuyniae herba 鱼腥草 heartleaf houttuynia x x x
herb herb
3 Isatis indigotica root isatidis radix 板蓝根 isatis root x x x Isatis tinctoria root
3 Juncum effusus stem junci medulla 灯心草 common rush x x x
pith
3 Kochia scoparia fruit kochiae fructus 地肤子 belvedere fruit x x x
3 Ligusticum chuanx- chuanxiong rhizoma 川芎 Szechwan lovage x x x
iong rhizome rhizome
3 Lycium chinense root lycii cortex 地骨皮 Chinese wolfberry x x x
bark/lycium barbar- root-bark
um root bark
3 Magnolia biondii magnoliae flos biond magnolia flower x x x Magnolia salicifolia
辛夷
flower bud /Magnolia flower/Magnolia
denudata flower bud kobus flower/Magno-
/Magnolia sprengeri lia heptapeta flower
flower bud
3 Mentha haplocalyx menthae haplocalycis 薄荷 peppermint x x x Mentha arvensis var.
herb herb piperascens herb
3 Nardostachys nardostachyos radix 甘松 nardostachys root x x x
jatamansi root and et rhizome
rhizome
3 Nelumbo nucifera seed nelumbinis semen 莲子 lotus seed x x x
3 Nelumbo nucifera nelumbinis stamen lotus stamen x x x Nelumbium specio-
莲须
stamen sum stamen
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Ophiopogon japonicus ophiopogonis radix 麦冬 dwarf lilyturf tuber x x x
root tuber
3 Paeonia lactiflora root paeoniae radix alba 白芍 white peony root x x x
3 Paeonia lactiflora paeoniae radix rubra 赤芍 red peony root x x x
root/paeonia vei-
tchii root
3 Panax japonicus panacis japonici rhi- 竹节参 Japanese ginseng x x x
rhizome zoma
3 Peucedanum praerup- peucedani radix 前胡 hogfennel root x x x Angelica decursiva
torum root root
3 Pharbitis nil seed/ pharbitidis semen 牵牛子 pharbitis seed x x x
pharbitis pupurea
seed
3 Phellodendron chinen- phellodendri chinen- Chinese cork-tree x x x Phellodendron
黄柏
sis bark sis cortex amurense cortex
3 Phyllanthus emblica phyllanthi fructus 余甘子 emblic leafflower fruit x x x
fruit
3 Pinellia ternata tuber pinelliae rhizoma 半夏 pinellia tuber x x x
3 Piper nigrum fruit piperis fructus 胡椒 pepper fruit x x x
3 Plantago asiatica plantaginis herba plantain herb x x x
车前草
herb/plantago de-
pressa herb
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

18 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Plantago asiatica plantaginis semen 车前子 plantain seed x x x
seed/plantago de-
pressa seed
3 Pogostemon cablin pogostemonis herba 广藿香 cablin patchouli herb x x x
herb
3 Polygonatum kingi- polygonati rhizoma solomonseal rhizome x x x Polygonatum falca-
黄精
anum rhizome/po- tum rhizome
lygonatum sibiricum
rhizome/polygo-
natum cyrtonema
rhizome/
3 Polygonum bistorta bistortae rhizoma 拳参 bistort rhizome x x x Percicaria bistorta
rhizome rhizome
3 Polygonum cuspida- polygoni cuspidati 虎杖 giant knotweed rhi- x x x Reynoutria japonica
tum rhizome and root rhizoma et radix zome rhizome and root
3 Polygonum orientale polygoni orientalis 水红花子 prince's-feather fruit x x x
fruit fructus
3 Polygonum tinctorium polygoni tinctorii 蓼大青叶 indigoplant leaf x x x Persicaria tinctorium
leaf folium leaf
3 Polyporus umbellatus polyporus 猪苓 chuling x x x
sclerotium
3 Pueraria thomsonii puerariae thomsonii thomson kudzuvine x x x
粉葛
root radix root
3 Rhodiola crenulata rhodiolae crenulatae 红景天 bigflower rhodiola root x x x
root and rhizome radix et rhizome
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Rubus chingii fruit rubi fructus 覆盆子 palmleaf raspberry x x x
fruit
3 Schisandra sphenan- schisandrae sphenan- 南五味子 southern magnolia- x x x
thera fruit therae fructus vine fruit
3 Scrophularia ning- scrophulariae radix figwort root x x x Scrophularia buer-
玄参
poensis root geriana root
3 Smilax glabra rhizome smilacis glabrae rhi- 土茯苓 glabrous greenbrier x x x
zoma rhizome
3 Sophora japonica sophorae flos 槐花 pagodatree flower x x x Styphnolobium
flower and flower bud japonicum flower
bud and flower
3 Stephania tetrandra stephaniae tetrandae 防己 fourstamen stephania x x x
root radix root
3 Swertia pseudochin- swertiae herba 当药 false Chinese swertia x x x Swertia japonica herb
ensis herb herb
3 Terminalia chebula chebulae fructus medicine terminalia x x x
诃子
fruit/Terminalia fruit
chebula var. tomentel-
la fruit
3 Trichosanthes kirilow- trichosanthis radix 天花粉 snakegourd root x x x Trichosanthes
ii root/Trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica
rosthornii root root/Trichosanthes
bracteata root
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

20 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
3 Trichosanthes kirilow- trichosanthis semen 瓜蒌子 snakegound seed x x x
ii seed/trichosanthes
rosthornii seed
3 Trigonella foe- trigonellae semen 胡芦巴 common fenugreek x x x
num-graecum seed seed
3 Tussilago farfara farfarae flos common coltsfoot x x x
款冬花
flower bud flower
3 Verbena officinalis verbenae herba 马鞭草 European verbena herb x x x
herb
3 Xanthium sibiricum xanthii fructus 苍耳子 Siberian cocklebur x x x Xanthium strumari-
fruit fruit um fruit
3 Zanthoxylum schini- zanthoxyli pericarpium花椒 pricklyash peel x x x Zanthoxylum piperi-
folium pericarp/Zan- tum pericarp
thoxylum bungeanum
pericarp
2 Abrus cantoniensis abri herba 鸡骨草 canton love-pea vine x x
herb
2 Acanthopanax acanthopanacis senti- 刺五加 manyprickle acantho- x x
senticosus root and cosi radix et rhizoma panax
rhizome or stem seu caulis
2 processed Aconitum aconiti radix cocta prepared common x x
制川乌
carmichaelii parent monkshood mother
root tuber root
2 Aconitum carmichaelii aconiti radix 川乌 common monkshood x x
parent root tuber mother root
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
2 Aconitum kusnezoffii aconiti kusnezoffii 草乌 kusnezoff monkshood x x
root tuber radix root
2 Acori tatarinowii acorus tatarinowii 石菖蒲 grassleaf sweetflag x x
rhizome rhizoma rhizome
2 Acorus calamus rhi- acori calami rhizoma tibet sweetflag rhi- x x
藏菖蒲
zome zome
2 Agrimonia pilosa herb agrimoniae herba 仙鹤草 hairyvein agrimonia x x
herb
2 Albizia julibrissin albiziae flos 合欢花 albizia flower x x
inflorescence or
flower bud
2 Albizia julibrissin albiziae cortex 合欢皮 silktree albizia bark x x
stem bark
2 Allium sativum bulb allii sativi bulbus 大蒜 garlic buib x x
2 Allium tuberosum allii tuberosi semen 韭菜子 tuber onion seed x x
seed
2 Alpina officinarum alpinae officinarum 高良姜 lesser galangal rhi- x x
rhizome rhizoma zome
2 Alpinia oxyphylla fruit alpiniae oxyphyllae 益智 sharpleaf glangal fruit x x
fructus
2 Amomum compactum amomi fructus rotun- 豆蔻 round cardamon fruit x x
fruit/amomum kra- dus
vanh fruit
2 Amomum tsao-ko fruit tsaoko fructus 草果 caoguo x x
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

22 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
Occur- Herbal name Pharmaceutical name Chinese English name CHP HKS JP KP EUP USP THP Note
rences name
2 Ampelopsis japonica ampelopsis radix 白蔹 Japanese ampelopsis x x
root tuber root
2 Anemone raddeana anemones raddeanae 两头尖 radde anemone rhi- x x
rhizome rhizoma zome
2 Apocynum venetum apocyni veneti folium dogbane leaf x x
罗布麻叶
leaf
2 Ardisia crenata root ardisiae crenatae radix 朱砂根 coral ardisia root x x
2 Arisaema erubes- arisaematis rhizoma 天南星 jackinthepulpit tuber x x
cens tuber/Arisaema
heterophyllum tuber/
Arisaema amurense
tuber
2 Arnebia euchroma arnebiae radix 紫草 arnebia root x x
root/Arnebia guttata
root
2 Artemisia argyi leaf artemisiae argyi folium艾叶 argy wormwood leaf x x
2 Asparagus cochinchin- asparagi radix 天冬 cochinchinese aspara- x x
ensis root tuber gus root
2 Astragalus complana- astragali complanati 沙苑子 flatstem milkvetch x x
tus seed semen seed
2 Baphicacanthus cusia baphicacanthis cusiae 南板蓝根 baphicacanthus root x x
rhizome and root rhizoma et radix
2 Bolbostemma panicu- bolbostemmatis rhi- 土贝母 paniculate bol- x x
latum tuber zoma bostemma
Key
CHP  Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
HKS  Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards
JP  Japanese Pharmacopoeia
KP  Korean Pharmacopoeia
EUP  European Pharmacopoeia
USP  United States Pharmacopoeia
THP  Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia
...