ISO 4087:2005
(Main)Micrographics — Microfilming of newspapers for archival purposes on 35 mm microfilm
Micrographics — Microfilming of newspapers for archival purposes on 35 mm microfilm
ISO 4087:2005 establishes general principles for microfilming printed newspapers for preservation and distribution to libraries and other documentation services. It includes requirements for targets to ensure proper bibliographic control and to verify that the film meets the requirements of International Standards applied to archival microfilming. ISO 4087:2005 is applicable only to unperforated silver microfilms that are 35 mm wide, in rolls or strips, whether first-generation (camera negatives), intermediate or distribution copies.
Micrographie — Enregistrement des journaux sur microfilm de 35 mm pour l'archivage
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4087
Third edition
2005-04-15
Micrographics — Microfilming of
newspapers for archival purposes on
35 mm microfilm
Micrographie — Enregistrement des journaux sur microfilm de 35 mm
pour l'archivage
Reference number
ISO 4087:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 4087:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4087:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Rawstock microfilm. 2
5 Reduction ratios and image placement. 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Reduction ratios for smaller pages and sectional filming. 3
5.3 Image positions. 3
5.4 Progression of text . 4
6 Leader and trailer. 5
6.1 Clear leader. 5
6.2 Archival test area. 5
7 Filming conditions. 5
7.1 Show-through. 5
7.2 Illumination. 5
8 Arrangement of the file. 5
8.1 Chronological divisions. 5
8.2 Filming of editions and supplements . 6
9 Film Targets. 6
9.1 Lettering. 6
9.2 Language. 6
9.3 Calendar dates. 6
9.4 Targets. 6
9.5 Graphic symbols. 6
9.6 Sequence and contents of targets . 6
9.7 Additional targets. 11
10 Processing camera negative. 11
11 Quality. 11
12 Correction procedures. 12
12.1 Refilming. 12
12.2 Splices. 12
13 Intermediate copies. 12
14 Distribution copies. 12
14.1 General. 12
14.2 Quality. 12
14.3 Loading. 12
14.4 Leader and trailer. 13
14.5 Splices. 13
14.6 Resolution. 13
15 Storage. 13
16 Packaging. 13
16.1 Securing. 13
16.2 Labelling. 13
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ISO 4087:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4087 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications,
Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4087:1991), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4087:2005(E)
Micrographics — Microfilming of newspapers for archival
purposes on 35 mm microfilm
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes general principles for microfilming printed newspapers for preservation
and distribution to libraries and other documentation services. It includes requirements for targets to ensure
proper bibliographic control and to verify that the film meets the requirements of International Standards
applied to archival microfilming.
This International Standard is applicable only to unperforated silver microfilms that are 35 mm wide, in rolls or
strips, whether first-generation (camera negatives), intermediate or distribution copies.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9:1995, Information and documentation — Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters —
Slavic and non-Slavic languages
ISO 233-2:1993, Information and documentation — Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin
characters — Part 2: Arabic language — Simplified transliteration
ISO 259-2:1994, Information and documentation — Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin
characters — Part 2: Simplified transliteration
ISO 446:1991, Micrographics — ISO character and ISO test chart No.1 — Description and use
ISO 3334:1989, Micrographics — ISO resolution test chart No.2 — Description and use
ISO 3602:1989, Documentation — Romanization of Japanese (kana script)
ISO 6148:2001, Photography — Micrographic films, spools and cores — Dimensions
ISO 6196-1:1993, Micrographics — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms
ISO 6196-2:1993, Micrographics — Vocabulary — Part 2: Image positions and methods of recording
ISO 6196-3:1997, Micrographics — Vocabulary — Part 3: Film processing
ISO 6196-4:1998, Micrographics — Vocabulary — Part 4: Materials and packaging
ISO 6196-5:1987, Micrographics — Vocabulary — Part 5: Quality of images, legibility, inspection
ISO 6196-6:1992, Micrographics — Vocabulary — Part 6: Equipment
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ISO 4087:2005(E)
ISO 6199, Micrographics — Microfilming of documents on 16 mm and 35 mm silver-gelatin type microfilm —
Operating procedures
ISO 6200:1999, Micrographics — First generation silver-gelatin microforms of source documents — Density
specifications and method of measurement
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and
times
ISO 9878:1990, Micrographics — Graphical symbols for use in microfilming
ISO 10550:1994, Micrographics — Planetary camera systems — Test target for checking performance
ISO 18901:2002, Imaging materials — Processed silver-gelatin type black-and-white film — Specifications for
stability
ISO 18905:2002, Imaging materials — Ammonia-processed diazo photographic film — Specifications for
stability
ISO 18906:2000, Imaging materials — Photographic films — Specifications for safety film
ISO 18911:2000, Imaging materials — Processed safety photographic films — Storage practices
ISO 18912:2002, Imaging materials — Processed vesicular photographic film — Specifications for stability
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6196, parts 1 to 6, and the following
apply.
3.1
principal edition
edition of the newspaper which is either identified or recognized as the most important
3.2
target
documents containing bibliographic and technical information, including test charts, pertaining to the filmed
newspaper and intended to be filmed
4 Rawstock microfilm
For the purpose of preservation, only black and white film on polyester base in accordance with ISO 6148 and
ISO 18906 shall be used.
5 Reduction ratios and image placement
5.1 General
Reduction ratios shall be in accordance with ISO 6199.
NOTE The normal reduction ratio for newspapers is in the range 1:14 to 1:24.
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ISO 4087:2005(E)
5.2 Reduction ratios for smaller pages and sectional filming
Pages that are smaller than the normal spread of the newspaper, such as newspaper inserts and foldouts,
shall be filmed at a reduction ratio that is the same as or, if necessary to achieve legibility, lower than the
reduction ratio used for other parts of the newspaper. If inserts or foldouts are too large to be accommodated
in position 1A (see Figure 2) without using a reduction ratio that is too high to provide a legible image, the
material shall be filmed in sections. The sections shall be filmed from left to right and from top to bottom, as
shown in Figure 1 (unless in oriental orientation), and shall provide an overlap with adjacent material on the
original of at least 25 mm. The reduction ratio used shall provide the desired number of sections with the
proper overlap.
A change of reduction ratio target with scale shall be microfilmed on the frame prior to any change of
reduction and when reverting to the original reduction ratio.
Figure 1 — Sectional sequences
5.3 Image positions
The four recommended image positions for 35 mm microfilm on reels or in strips are shown in Figure 2.
Ordinarily, dimension b shall be limited to the image area required by the material being filmed, taking into
account dimension a, which shall not exceed 31,75 mm. Dimension c shall be at least 2 mm, both for images
and for coding information.
The images should be centred between the edges of the film.
Positions 1A and 1B are single-page exposures.
Positions 2A and 2B are double-page exposures.
In positions 1A and 2A, the text is perpendicular to the long axis of the film.
In positions 1B and 2B, the text is parallel to the long axis of the film.
Figure 2 — Image positions on the microfilm
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ISO 4087:2005(E)
5.4 Progression of text
For newspapers in languages that read from right to left and for other variations from the usual occidental
language arrangement, pages shall be positioned to allow for logical reading progression. This is
accomplished by positioning the camera head so that the progression of exposed film shall reflect the
progression of text.
The lines of text shall be parallel with the long axis of the film in positions 1B and 2B or perpendicul
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