ISO/TS 24519:2022
(Main)Service activities relating to drinking water supply, wastewater and stormwater systems — Water and wastewater services for temporary settlements for displaced persons
Service activities relating to drinking water supply, wastewater and stormwater systems — Water and wastewater services for temporary settlements for displaced persons
This document provides guidelines for alternative water services (AWS) and alternative wastewater services (AWWS) to temporary settlements for displaced persons e.g. refugee/internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, for drinking, sanitation and hygiene purposes. It addresses AWS and AWWS principles and methods, operational planning and implementation. This document provides guidelines for drinking water supply to temporary settlements, and the disposal of wastewater, by implementation of different methods; it does not deal with the ways of using water inside the temporary settlements. This document deals with drinking water quantity but does not provide methods for quality testing. Water quality test methods are included in the scope of ISO TC 147. The document does make recommendations regarding public safety with respect to the location of distribution and collection points. On-site treatments are not discussed in this document but, depending on circumstances, they can be suitable. In such case, helpful technical guidelines are provided in the bibliography of this document. This document complements ISO 24527, whose scope excludes drinking water supplied to temporary settlements. It also complements other ISO TC 224's documents such as ISO 24518 and ISO/TS 24520. This document is intended to be used by the responsible body for the provision of the water service. It can be used by interested parties such as water utilities, governments and governmental organizations, security bodies, international refugee agencies, related NGOs and relevant industry stakeholders.
Activités de service relatives aux systèmes d'alimentation en eau potable, aux systèmes d'assainissement et aux systèmes de gestion des eaux pluviales — Services d’eau et d’assainissement pour les installations provisoires pour les personnes déplacées
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 24519
First edition
2022-08
Service activities relating to drinking
water supply, wastewater and
stormwater systems — Water and
wastewater services for temporary
settlements for displaced persons
Activités de service relatives aux systèmes d'alimentation en eau
potable, aux systèmes d'assainissement et aux systèmes de gestion
des eaux pluviales — Services d’eau et d’assainissement pour les
installations provisoires pour les personnes déplacées
Reference number
ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles for AWS and AWWS provision for temporary settlements .2
4.1 Responsibility . 2
4.2 Main purposes of the operation . 2
4.3 Temporary settlements categorization . 2
4.4 AWS and AWWS provision to temporary settlements approaches . 3
4.4.1 Using existing drinking water and wastewater networks . 3
4.4.2 Using existing drinking water and wastewater networks but with limited
capacity . 3
4.4.3 Providing drinking water by means of transport . 3
4.4.4 Only drinking water infrastructure available . 4
4.4.5 Water source not adequate for drinking is available . 4
4.4.6 A Natural water source is available . 4
4.4.7 Creating a new water source . 4
4.4.8 Water allocation . 5
4.4.9 Water quality . 5
4.4.10 Grey water . 5
5 Planning for AWS and AWWS provision for temporary settlements .5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Planning . 6
5.2.1 Establishing scenario for individual temporary settlement . 6
5.2.2 Decisions and actions to be taken . 6
5.2.3 Securing resources and planning for their mobilization . 6
6 Implementation of AWS and AWWS provision for temporary settlements .7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Using the existing drinking water and wastewater networks . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Distribution of drinking water by connecting to an existing drinking water
supply system. 7
6.2.3 Connecting to the wastewater infrastructure . 8
6.3 Providing drinking water by means of transport . 8
6.3.1 General . 8
6.3.2 Drinking water source(s) and transporting . 8
6.3.3 Static water tanks connected to multi drinking water taps . 8
6.3.4 Static assets (water tankers, towed bowsers or tanks) . 9
6.3.5 Containerized drinking water . 9
6.3.6 Reservoir . 9
6.3.7 AWWS. 9
6.4 Wastewater infrastructure not available . 9
6.5 Drinking water and wastewater networks are available but with limited capacity . 10
6.6 Water source not for drinking is available . 10
6.7 Natural water source is available . 10
6.8 Creating a water source . 10
7 Internal and external communications .11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 What to communicate . 11
7.2.1 Information to users . 11
7.2.2 Information to other stakeholders . 11
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
7.3 Preparing stakeholders of a temporary settlement involving AWS and AWWS
provision . 12
7.3.1 Tailored messaging .12
7.3.2 Preparing key stakeholders.12
7.4 AWS and AWWS information communication in the temporary settlement .12
7.4.1 Tailored messaging .12
7.4.2 Communicating methods with users .12
7.4.3 Communicating methods with other stakeholders .13
7.4.4 Communication tools and techniques . 13
Annex A (informative) Securing resources and planning for their mobilization .14
Bibliography .17
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 224, Drinking water, wastewater and
stormwater systems and services.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
Introduction
Natural disasters, climate change and wars resulting in the mass migration of populations fleeing
their homes to temporary settlements such as refugee/internally displaced persons (IDP) camps has
become a reality in many parts of the world. Temporary settlements are planned or spontaneous places
where refugees or IDPs can reside and benefit from welfare provision, safety and protection, and other
assistance from host governments and humanitarian actors. Reliable and good quality water supply
for purposes such as drinking, sanitation, hygiene, e.g., WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) is critical
for the survival of the population in temporary settlements. Risks due to natural disasters also require
consideration. For instance, earthquakes can cause damage to electricity and/or transportation
infrastructure, which are relied on for the construction and operation of the drinking water supply
network and wastewater treatment system.
In order to establish a reliable drinking water supply to temporary settlements, it is desirable to have a
regular drinking water supply system based on a water source connection through fixed or temporary
piping. If this is not possible, water tankers can be used to supply the required quantity of drinking
water to the temporary settlement on a regular basis. The water sources used for this purpose should
be suitable for drinking purposes. Where water sources that are suitable for drinking purposes are
limited, water sources of lower quality can be used for sanitation and other non-potable use purposes
only, and cannot be used as drinking water.
Dealing with the adequate disposal of wastewater produced in a temporary settlement is also of
critical importance. Neglecting proper disposal of wastewater can seriously harm public health and
the environment. It is desirable that the wastewater from temporary settlements will be conveyed
by means of fixed or temporary pipeline infrastructure that will enable its removal from the area of
the temporary settlement and treated by adequate installations outside the settlement. If this is not
possible, portable wastewater tankers can be used to transfer the wastewater to another location
outside the temporary settlement for proper treatment.
There are different types of temporary settlements e.g. emergency and/or transition camps. In most
cases, drinking water and wastewater provisions can differ or need to evolve according to spatial and
temporal factors.
An international guideline can provide information on the different possibilities for providing
alternative water services (AWS) and alternative wastewater services (AWWS) to temporary
settlements of displaced persons, the methods that can be used to implement such possibilities and
the technical aspects that have to be accounted for when considering the implementation of different
solutions to resolve the problems of AWS and AWWS that arise in such settlements.
The purpose of this document is to serve as a guideline for planning and setting up appropriate water
and wastewater services for temporary settlements.
A guideline for drinking water service provision to temporary settlements can also facilitate
communication between relevant parties, coordinate activities and contribute to cost saving. It can be
used by relevant industry and stakeholders wishing to be prepared to cope with the issues of drinking
water supply and wastewater disposal in temporary settlements.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
Service activities relating to drinking water supply,
wastewater and stormwater systems — Water and
wastewater services for temporary settlements for
displaced persons
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines for alternative water services (AWS) and alternative wastewater
services (AWWS) to temporary settlements for displaced persons e.g. refugee/internally displaced
persons (IDP) camps, for drinking, sanitation and hygiene purposes. It addresses AWS and AWWS
principles and methods, operational planning and implementation.
This document provides guidelines for drinking water supply to temporary settlements, and the
disposal of wastewater, by implementation of different methods; it does not deal with the ways of using
water inside the temporary settlements. This document deals with drinking water quantity but does
not provide methods for quality testing. Water quality test methods are included in the scope of ISO TC
147.
The document does make recommendations regarding public safety with respect to the location of
distribution and collection points. On-site treatments are not discussed in this document but, depending
on circumstances, they can be suitable. In such case, helpful technical guidelines are provided in the
bibliography of this document.
This document complements ISO 24527, whose scope excludes drinking water supplied to temporary
settlements. It also complements other ISO TC 224's documents such as ISO 24518 and ISO/TS 24520.
This document is intended to be used by the responsible body for the provision of the water service. It
can be used by interested parties such as water utilities, governments and governmental organizations,
security bodies, international refugee agencies, related NGOs and relevant industry stakeholders.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 24513:2019, Service activities relating to drinking water supply, wastewater and stormwater systems
— Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 24513:2019 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
displaced person
a person who is forced to leave without their will their home or country
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
3.2
wastewater
water arising from any combination of domestic, institutional, commercial or industrial activities,
surface runoff and any accidental sewer inflow/infiltration water and which can include collected
stormwater, discharged to the environment or sewer
Note 1 to entry: Wastewater can flow in separate or combined sewer systems.
3.3
grey water
greywater
wastewater (3.2) from bathtubs and showers, hand basins, kitchen sinks, clothes washing and laundry
tubes but excluding excreta and trade effluent
Note 1 to entry: It excludes used water from urinals or toilet bowls.
Note 2 to entry: Wastewater from kitchen sinks, food waste grinders or dishwashers can be excluded, subject to
local requirements.
4 Principles for AWS and AWWS provision for temporary settlements
4.1 Responsibility
The authority which authorized the establishment of the temporary settlement should ensure that a
consultation process is initiated among the entities concerned by the water services. This should allow
for the designation of the responsible body to be in charge of the operation.
The first task of the responsible body in charge of the operation should be to establish an operational
team.
The following are possible examples of responsible bodies: a local water utility, municipal authority,
governmental bodies, military units, international bodies (e.g. UN WASH), NGO's, private companies
(e.g. transport companies, containerized water companies).
A planning and operational team should be appointed of representatives of these relevant bodies, to
allow a coordinated operation and determine the necessary decisions. The inclusion of representatives
of the displaced persons in the temporary settlement should also be considered.
4.2 Main purposes of the operation
The main purposes of the operation should include the following.
a) Bring to the temporary settlement enough water, in accordance with the AWS and AWWS plans
which determine water allocation per capita per day, drinking water, and water for sanitation and
hygiene purposes, considering the need for personal and public safety.
b) Dispose of wastewater from the temporary settlement area to a dedicated site.
4.3 Temporary settlements categorization
For the purpose of this guideline, temporary settlements should be categorized as follows.
a) Temporary settlements that can be connected to existing drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure.
b) Temporary settlements that can be connected to existing drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure, but with limited capacity.
c) Temporary settlements that cannot be connected to existing drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure.
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
These three types of temporary settlements require different AWS and AWWS approaches.
The categorization of the temporary settlements may include a combination between these three types,
e.g. drinking water infrastructure is available, but no wastewater infrastructure is available, or vice
versa.
Temporary settlements may also be categorized by the availability of a water source which may not be
adequate for drinking purposes but can be used for sanitation purposes, e.g. on-site treated wastewater,
grey water.
In such case of a combination of the three types of settlements, AWS and AWWS provision should be
based on a combination between the approaches described in 4.4.
4.4 AWS and AWWS provision to temporary settlements approaches
4.4.1 Using existing drinking water and wastewater networks
The use of existing drinking water and wastewater networks is based on the condition that drinking
water and wastewater infrastructure is available, i.e., water or wastewater infrastructure that is:
— physically present;
— has the capacity to supply additional population;
— has political and administrative approval to be used for the additional population.
To be able to use existing drinking water and wastewater networks, the planning and operational
team should connect the temporary settlement to the existing infrastructure by erecting temporary
standpipes connected to the networks. Inside the temporary settlement, the planning and operational
team should connect the temporary standpipes to users (e.g. multi drinking water taps, toilets, showers,
etc.) and connect the toilets and showers to the wastewater infrastructure.
The use of existing drinking water and wastewater networks is the preferred approach as it provides
users with the most reliable AWS and AWWS services, as well as the highest level of WASH.
See more on the operational aspects of this approach in Clause 6.
4.4.2 Using existing drinking water and wastewater networks but with limited capacity
When existing drinking water and wastewater networks are available but with limited capacity, the
largest available quantity of water should be supplied from the infrastructure, while the rest of the
water should be supplied as described in 4.4.3.
The largest possible quantity of wastewater should be disposed of through the infrastructure, while
the rest of the wastewater should be disposed of by means of transportation, or by on-site wastewater
treatment (for more information about on-site wastewater treatment, see ISO 23056 and ISO 24521).
4.4.3 Providing drinking water by means of transport
This approach of provision of drinking water by means of transport assumes that limited or no drinking
water and wastewater infrastructure are available. To implement this approach the planning and
operational team should use various means of transport for the drinking water (e.g., mobile tankers,
trains, air crafts) in order to provide it to the temporary settlement and to dispose of its wastewater.
While using these various means of transport, the quality of the distributed water should always be
clear / well marked for everyone in the supply chain.
Inside the temporary settlement, temporary points of distribution (TPDs) should be established. Such
TPDs should be the interface for users to receive drinking water and water for hygiene purposes.
Containerized drinking water may also be used in this approach.
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ISO/TS 24519:2022(E)
In this approach, sanitation should not be based on water. The planning and operational team should
use different types of toilets (e.g. chemical toilets, latrines) and make the necessary arrangements to
dispose of the wastewater by means of transport (e.g. mobile wastewater tanker) out of the temporary
settlement to a dedicated site.
The planning and operational team should communicate to users instructions:
— about the establishment of TPDs to supply drinking water according to a determined water
allocation;
— about the use of provisional toilets/latrines;
— regarding hygiene practices;
— about the quality of the distributed water.
See more on the operational aspects in Clause 6.
4.4.4 Only drinking water infrastructure available
If only drinking water infrastructure is available, drinking water should be supplied as described in
4.4.1.
In the absence of wastewater network, an assessment should be completed to decide the best approach
to wastewater. The planning and operational team can build a provisional wastewater lagoon for the
temporary settlement, to dispose of – or disinfect – the wastewater according to the requirements of
the responsible body, as described in 4.4.3.
4.4.5 Water source not adequate for drinking is available
When a water source that is not adequate for drinking is available, if it can be connected to the
temporary settlements by temporary standpipes, it should be connected only to toilets and showers.
Drinking water should be supplied as described in 4.4.2. If wastewater infrastructure is available, it
should be connected as described in 4.4.1. If not, wastewater should be addressed as described in 4.4.4.
This approach, of using a water source that is not adequate for drinking, can be difficult to manage and
lead to health issues so it should only be selected when other solutions cannot be implemented.
If a water source not adequate for drinking is available and used, the responsible body should
communicate to the camp management that the water cannot be used for drinking purposes, so that the
camp management can communicate this to the users.
4.4.6 A Natural water source is available
Where a natural water source such as a river or a lake is available near the temporary settlement, it
may be used for hygiene purposes (e.g., shower, laundry), pending approval by the relevant authority
for this use.
AWS and AWWS should be supplied according the circumstances, as described in 4.4.1 to 4.4.5.
The planning and operational team should inform users about the permitted uses (e.g. washing,
laundry) and uses that are not permitted (e.g. drinking) and why they are not permitted, see also 6.7.
4.4.7 Creating a new water source
If there is no water source available near the temporary settlement, the planning and operational team
should consider, according to geological conditions, the drilling of a new w
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