ISO/TR 23846:2022
(Main)Biomimetics — Image search engine
Biomimetics — Image search engine
This document describes prototypes of the image search engine (ISE). It focuses on the use and value of ISE, but also describes its design principles.
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General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 23846
First edition
2022-07
Biomimetics — Image search engine
Reference number
ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
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ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Biomimetics idea creation methods using informatics . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Ontology-enhanced thesaurus (OET) . 2
4.3 Bio-TRIZ . 2
4.4 Biomimetics similarity-based image retrieval system . 2
5 Background and concept of biomimetics similarity-based image retrieval system .4
6 Similarity-based image retrieval system . 4
6.1 Retrieval from a large amount of image data . 4
6.2 Data retrieval without using keywords . 5
6.3 Data retrieval for awareness . 6
Annex A (informative) Bio-inspired gloves for improving the quality of life of cancer
patients . 7
Bibliography . 9
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ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 266, Biomimetics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
Introduction
Biomimetics is the science and technology that develops new technologies by using ideas learned from
observation and analysis of structures, functions, and production processes of living organisms or
utilizes them in manufacturing. The term “biomimetics” was first used in the 1950s by the American
neurophysiologist, Otto Schmitt.
From ancient times, humans have manufactured mimicking forms and structures that living organisms
have and functions expressed by them. It is a well-known story that Leonardo da Vinci conceptualized
flying machines through precise observation of birds in the Renaissance period. In the early eighteenth
century, the French engineer Marc Brunel designed shield tunnelling, inspired by the observation that
a shipworm uses its secretion to bore through timber and push the sawdust out behind it. Recently,
shark skin-patterned high-speed swimwear has been developed, inspired by the skin texture of a
shark to reduce water resistance. A mosquito inspired Seiji Aoyagi of the Faculty of Engineering
Science, Kansai University, Japan, to develop a “microneedle” that reduces pain during a vaccination.
These are all examples of biomimetics and how living organisms successfully resolve the challenges of
manufacturing products or technologies. However, the relations between biology and engineering in
these successful examples owe much to the abilities of the people behind the research. In recent years,
informatics represented by big data or artificial intelligence has made remarkable progress and allows
a large amount of texts or images to be analysed, was more difficult before due to the performance
of computers. Therefore, the use of informatics will allow us to consider possibilities of various
combinations beyond the abilities of humans. This also greatly enhances the possibility of biomimetics
(see Figure 1).
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
Biomimetics — Image search engine
1 Scope
This document describes prototypes of the image search engine (ISE). It focuses on the use and value of
ISE, but also describes its design principles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TR 23845, Biomimetics — Ontology-Enhanced Thesaurus (OET) for biomimetics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 23845 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
data
minimum piece of information that is meaningful for its potential reader or user
Note 1 to entry: In many cases, data is a component of a larger entity, a data set or a database. Data can be text,
e.g. research papers, simulation models, algorithms, numbers, pictures, figures, voice and video recordings.
3.2
database
set of almost any digital objects, e.g. text, picture, sound, video
3.3
image retrieval system
computer system used for browsing, searching and retrieving images from a large database of digital
images
3.4
data retrieval
action of obtaining data from a Database Management System (DBMS) such as an Operational Database
Management System (ODBMS)
3.5
ontology
formal, structured, and explicit description of concepts in a domain of discourse and the relations
between them in the fields of knowledge management and artificial intelligence
Note 1 to entry: An ontology together with a set of individual instances of classes constitutes a knowledge base.
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ISO/TR 23846:2022(E)
3.6
thesaurus
list of words arranged in groups based on similarity of meaning
4 Biomimetics idea creation methods using informatics
4.1 General
[2]
Both an ontology-enhanced thesaurus (OET) and bio-theory of inventive problem solving (Bio-TRIZ,
[3][4][5]
described in 4.3) have been proposed as biomimetics idea creation methods using informatics.
In an OET, a basis for collaboration among different fields, the language gap between biology and
engineering is solved by ontology. This enables the association of things that have never been connected
because of the difference of the words as these words have the same meaning. Bio-TRIZ is a database
that supports the creation of ideas for patents mimicking living organisms by using TRIZ. While these
methods focus on text analysis in informatics, this document focuses on image analysis. This clause
discusses a biomimetics similarity-based image retrieval system subject to a scanning electron
microscope (SEM) image database and the outlines these methods.
4.2 Ontology-enhanced thesaurus (OET)
In order to develop knowledge infrastructure as a basis for collaboration among different fields,
consensus to tie knowledge of different fields needs to be standardized. More concretely, terms that
tie knowledge of biology and engineering need to be defined in a thesaurus. To this end, an ontology
to define, organize, and describe hierarchical structures and relations of concepts and languages
of biology and engineering on biomimetics needs to be created. Japan’s proposal of a "knowledge
infrastructure of biomimetics" for international standardization aims to standardize processes to build
a dictionary that can be shared in different fields by combining a method of ontology, which is developed
by Riichiro Mizoguchi and his team at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, as well
[2]
as a thesaurus. This allows the association of things that have never been connected because of the
difference of words as they have the same meaning. ISO/TR 23845 describes prototypes of OET and the
keyword explorer interface to OET.
4.3 Bio-TRIZ
TRIZ is a Russian acronym for Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch (“Theory of solving
inventive problems” or “Theory of inventive problems solving”). The TRIZ method is a category of a
problem-solving method using a trade-off. Organisms evolve in response to changes in the environment
by repeating trade-offs and acquiring new functions. Bio-TRIZ is a new concept created by Olga and
Nikolaj Bogatyrev, designed to solve technical problems to bring high efficiency bio-functions found
in nature into TRIZ's 40 problem-solving principles. Bio-TRIZ is being developed by Takeshi Yamauchi,
from Niigata University and Hidetoshi Kobayashi, Osaka University. The creation of new technologies
[3][4][5]
adapted for a lifestyle in a sustainable society has been under consideration by using Bio-TRIZ .
This is the database that supports the patent invention mimicking living organisms by using a theory of
solving inventive problems. ISO/TR 23847 describes the application of TRIZ.
4.4 Biomimetics similarity-based image retrieval system
An image is information that directly drives ins
...
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