ISO 16000-25:2011
(Main)Indoor air — Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products — Micro-chamber method
Indoor air — Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products — Micro-chamber method
ISO 16000-25:2011 specifies a test method for determination of the area specific emission rate of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from newly produced building products or furnishings under defined climate conditions using a micro-chamber. The method can in principle also be applied to aged products. This measurement method is applicable to products and materials, such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their combinations. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are specified in ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of SVOCs are specified in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1. An example of a micro-chamber is described in an annex.
Air intérieur — Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils des produits de construction — Méthode de la micro-chambre
L'ISO 16000-25:2011 spécifie une méthode d'essai pour la détermination du facteur d'émission spécifique par unité de surface des composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) provenant de produits de construction ou d'équipements nouvellement fabriqués dans des conditions climatiques définies, en utilisant une micro-chambre. En principe, la méthode peut également être appliquée aux produits qui ont vieilli. Cette méthode de mesurage s'applique aux produits et matériaux tels que les planches, papiers peints, revêtements pour sols, matériaux d'isolation, colles, peintures et leurs combinaisons. L'échantillonnage, le transport et le stockage des matériaux à analyser, ainsi que la préparation des échantillons pour essai, sont spécifiés dans l'ISO 16000-11. L'échantillonnage de l'air et les méthodes d'analyse pour le dosage des COSV sont spécifiés dans l'ISO 16000-6 et l'ISO 16017-1. Un exemple de micro-chambre est décrit dans une annexe.
Notranji zrak - 25. del: Določevanje emisij polhlapnih organskih spojin iz gradbenih proizvodov - Metoda z mikro komoro
Ta del standarda ISO 16000 določa testne metode za določanje stopnje emisij polhlapnih organskih spojin (SVOC), specifične za neko območje, iz na novo proizvedenih gradbenih proizvodov ali opreme pod določenimi klimatskimi pogoji z uporabo mikrokomore. Ta metoda se načeloma lahko uporabi tudi na starih izdelkih. Ta merilna metoda se lahko uporablja za proizvode in materiale, kot so deske, tapete, talne obloge, izolacijski materiali, lepila, barve in kombinacije le-teh. Vzorčenje, prevoz in skladiščenje materialov, ki se jih bo preskušalo, ter priprava preskušancev so navedeni v standardu ISO 16000-11. Vzorčenje zraka in analizne metode za ugotavljanje prisotnosti polhlapnih organskih spojin so navedeni v standardu ISO 16000-6 in ISO 16017-1. Primer mikrokomore je opisan v dodatku B.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 16000-25:2013
01-december-2013
1RWUDQML]UDNGHO 'RORþHYDQMHHPLVLMSROKODSQLKRUJDQVNLKVSRMLQL]
JUDGEHQLKSURL]YRGRY0HWRGD]PLNURNRPRUR
Indoor air - Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by
building products - Micro-chamber method
Air intérieur - Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils des
produits de construction - Méthode de la micro-chambre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 16000-25:2011
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
SIST ISO 16000-25:2013 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 16000-25:2013
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SIST ISO 16000-25:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-25
First edition
2011-07-01
Indoor air —
Part 25:
Determination of the emission of semi-
volatile organic compounds by building
products — Micro-chamber method
Air intérieur —
Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils
des produits de construction — Méthode de la micro-chambre
Reference number
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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SIST ISO 16000-25:2013
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 16000-25:2013
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Symbols.4
5 Principle.4
6 Micro-chamber system .4
7 Apparatus and materials.8
8 Test conditions .8
9 Verification of test conditions.9
10 Test specimens.10
11 Micro-chamber preparation.10
12 Test method .10
13 Calculation of area specific emission rates and expression of results.11
14 Performance characteristics .11
15 Test report.11
Annex A (normative) System for quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC).13
Annex B (informative) Examples of micro-chambers and procedure .15
Annex C (informative) Example of a method of micro-chamber recovery measurement .19
Annex D (informative) Selection of test specimens .21
Bibliography.23
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-25 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air:
⎯ Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
⎯ Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
⎯ Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber
air — Active sampling method
⎯ Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
⎯ Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
⎯ Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
®
Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID
⎯ Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
⎯ Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions
⎯ Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test chamber method
⎯ Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test cell method
⎯ Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
⎯ Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
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⎯ Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Collection on sorbent-backed filters
⎯ Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Extraction, clean-up and analysis by
high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
⎯ Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO )
2
⎯ Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by filtration
⎯ Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Culture-based method
⎯ Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by impaction
⎯ Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds
⎯ Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive
building materials
⎯ Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compound (except
formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
⎯ Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products —
Micro-chamber method
⎯ Part 26: Sampling strategy for carbon dioxide (CO )
2
⎯ Part 28: Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from materials
⎯ Part 27: Determination of settled fibrous dust on surfaces by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) (direct
method)
⎯ Part 29: Test methods for VOC detectors
⎯ Part 30: Sensory testing of indoor air
⎯ Part 31: Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on organophosphorus compounds —
Phosphoric acid ester
⎯ Part 32: Investigation of constructions on pollutants and other injurious factors — Inspections
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Introduction
The determination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from building products using micro-
chambers in conjunction with standardized sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
aims, for example, to:
⎯ provide manufacturers, builders, and end-users with emission data useful for the evaluation of the impact
of building products on the indoor air quality;
⎯ promote the development of improved products.
The measurement method specified in this part of ISO 16000 is applicable to products used in construction
such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their
combinations.
SVOCs such as phthalic esters are found in many construction materials. If emitted into the indoor
environment they adhere to many surfaces and can become a persistent indoor air contaminant.
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test procedure for measuring SVOC emissions from construction products
and materials. This method can, in principle, be used for most building products used indoors.
[6][7] [1]–[5]
ISO 16017 and ISO 12219 also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements.
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SIST ISO 16000-25:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Indoor air —
Part 25:
Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic
compounds by building products — Micro-chamber method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test method for determination of the area-specific emission rate of semi-
volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from newly produced building products or furnishings under defined
climate conditions using a micro-chamber. The method can in principle also be applied to aged products. This
measurement method is applicable to products and materials, such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring
materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their combinations.
Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are specified in
ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of SVOCs are specified in
ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.
An example of a micro-chamber is described in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air
®
by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air change rate for micro-chamber
n
ratio of the volume of clean air brought into the micro-chamber per hour and the free micro-chamber volume
measured in identical units
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3.2
air flow rate for micro-chamber
q
V,c
air volume entering into the micro-chamber per time
3.3
air velocity
air speed over the surface of the test specimen
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.3]
3.4
area specific air flow rate
q
VA
ratio between the supply air flow rate and the area of the test specimen
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.4]
3.5
area specific emission rate for SVOC
q
mA
building product specific rate describing the mass of a substance emitted from an exposed area per time at a
given time from the start of the test
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this part of ISO 16000, the emission consists of SVOC.
NOTE 2 The term “area specific emission rate” is sometimes used in parallel with the term “emission factor”.
3.6
building product
product produced for incorporation in a permanent manner in construction works
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.5]
3.7
field blank
m
t0
〈SVOC emission from building products〉 mass of SVOC in the sorbent tube when all operations except air
sampling are performed
NOTE Used in order to consider contamination originating from the sorbent tube itself and contamination originating
in opening, closing, and transportation.
3.8
inert gas
gas without active chemical or other properties
NOTE Normally, helium (He) gas or nitrogen (N ) is used as the gas for thermal desorption (TD) of SVOC adsorbed
2
in the micro-chamber (see Reference [8]).
3.9
mass collected in control test
m
0
sum of mass during first and second steps of test without introducing specimen
3.10
mass collected in first step
m
1
mass of SVOC sampled and measured at the micro-chamber outlet, which are emitted and not absorbed in
the micro-chamber
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3.11
mass collected in second step
m
2
mass of SVOC sampled and measured at the micro-chamber outlet when thermal desorption is performed
3.12
micro-chamber
container enabling control of conditions for measurement of SVOC emissions from building materials
NOTE Micro-chambers typically range in volume as described in B.1.
3.13
recovery
measured mass of a target semi-volatile organic compound in the air leaving the micro-chamber during
thermal desorption (second step) divided by the mass of target semi-volatile organic compound added to the
micro-chamber
NOTE 1 Recovery is expressed as a percentage.
NOTE 2 The recovery provides information about the performance of the entire method.
3.14
sample
part or piece of a building product that is representative of the production
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.10]
3.15
sampling period
duration over which a sample is taken
NOTE The sampling period is the time during which air is sampled from the outlet of the micro-chamber using
sorbent tubes or other devices.
3.16
semi-volatile organic compound
SVOC
organic compound whose boiling point is in the range from (240 °C to 260 °C) to (380 °C to 400 °C)
NOTE 1 This classification has been defined by the World Health Organization (Reference [9]).
NOTE 2 Boiling points of some compounds are difficult or impossible to determine because they decompose before
they boil at atmospheric pressure. Vapour pressure is another criterion for classification of compound volatility that can be
−2
used for classification of organic chemicals. SVOCs have vapour pressures between 10 mPa and 10 Pa.
3.17
sorbent tube blank
value of SVOC in the sorbent tube itself before air sampling
3.18
target semi-volatile organic compound
product specific semi-volatile organic compound
3.19
test specimen
〈SVOC emission from building products〉 part of the sample specially prepared for emission testing in a micro-
chamber cell in order to simulate the emission behaviour of the material or product that is tested
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3.20
test start
time of placing the test specimen in the micro-chamber
3.21
total mass collected in first and second step
sum of mass collected during first and second steps of test
4 Symbols
Symbol Meaning Unit
A surface area of test specimen square metres
A inner surface area of the micro-chamber square metres
c
S surface area ratio (equal to A /A) square metres per square metre
L c
m mass collected in control test micrograms
0
m mass collected in first step micrograms
1
m mass collected in second step micrograms
2
m mass collected in first and second steps micrograms
1+2
m field blank micrograms
t0
n air change rate for micro-chamber changes per hour
q area specific emission rate micrograms per square metre hour
mA
q area specific air flow rate (equal to q /A) cubic metres per square metre hour
VA V,c
q air flow rate for micro-chamber cubic metres per hour
V,c
t duration of first phase hours
V air volume of micro-chamber cubic metres
5 Principle
The principle of the test is to determine the area specific emission rates of SVOCs emitted from the surface of
a product test specimen. Although SVOCs are emitted in the micro-chamber, the greater part of these
emissions are adsorbed in the chamber at temperatures of 40 °C or below. Therefore, in this test, the area
specific emission rate of SVOC for a building material which is the object of a test is determined from the
mass collected in the first and second steps. The outcome of the test is the mean rate of emission of SVOCs
from the product over a 24 h period. For specific purposes, the emission rate over a different period of time
could be determined using the same procedure, but varying the duration of the first step.
6 Micro-chamber system
6.1 General
A micro-chamber system designed and operated to determine area specific emission rates of SVOCs from
building products shall contain the following: micro-chamber, clean air generation and humidification system,
and monitoring and control systems to ensure that the test is carried out according to specified conditions.
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The design of the micro-chamber may allow solid products with a smooth surface to be placed in or on (or
under) the micro-chamber such that the sample itself forms a wall of the micro-chamber. This is analogous to
the approach used in ISO 16000-9 and ISO 16000-10. In this case, it is important that the sample surface be
sealed against the micro-chamber so that emissions from the edges and rear of the test specimen are excluded.
To secure airtightness, other products shall be placed in specially constructed test specimen holders.
General specifications and requirements that apply to all types of micro-chambers in this part of ISO 16000
are given in 6.2 to 6.7.
Quality assurance and quality control activities shall be carried out as specified in Annex A.
6.2 Micro-chamber
An appropriate volume size and an appropriate size ratio of the dimension has been tested and is given in
Table B.1. The micro-chamber and the parts of the sampling system coming into contact with the emitted
SVOCs (all tubings and couplings) are normally made of glass or inert non-outgassing materials, such as
inert-coated stainless steel and polished stainless steel. However, in all cases, the requirements specified in
6.3 and 6.7 shall be fulfilled. Depending on the material of micro-chamber construction (e.g. some types of
glass), surface treatment may be required to aid thermal desorption.
NOTE Polished stainless steel can catalyse degradation of some SVOCs.
The sealing material housing the test specimen shall be low emitting and low adsorbing, and shall not
contribute to the micro-chamber background concentration. Schematic diagrams of the micro-chamber
apparatus are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
576
b
4
a
12 3
Key
1 clean air supply
2 air flow regulator
3 air flow meter
4 micro-chamber
5 test specimen
6 sealing material
7 manifold air sampling (sorbent tube)
a
Air inlet.
b
Exhaust outlet.
Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of a type of micro-chamber apparatus as used in step 1 of the test
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1 2 3
4
5
b
a
Key
1 transfer line
2 sorbent tube
3 sampling pump
4 micro-chamber
5 chamber heating device
a
Vent line.
b
Inert gas inlet.
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of a type of micro-chamber apparatus as used in step 2 of the test
6.3 Surface area ratio
The ratio of the surface area of the test specimen to the inner surface area of the micro-chamber shall be
0,15 ± 0,007 5.
NOTE A surface area ratio outside this range can give different measurement results.
6.4 Airtightness
The micro-chamber shall have an airtight condition, in which exchange of air with uncontrolled external air is
minimal.
The emission test chamber shall be operated slightly above atmospheric pressure to avoid influence from the
laboratory atmosphere.
NOTE One method of minimizing ingress of laboratory air during the test is to ensure a slightly positive pressure
within the micro-chamber. One way this can be achieved is to supply air to the micro-chamber at a rate that is ∼50 %
faster than the pumped sampling rate leaving the micro-chamber. If this approach is followed, a vent line can be
conveniently installed immediately before the air inlet to the micro-chamber, allowing excess air to be discharged away
from the immediate testing location.
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6.5 Air supply devices
The micro-chamber shall be provided with a device, such as a flow control device, which makes it possible to
control the ventilation rate continuously to a set numerical value.
6.6 Sealing of test specimen
The edges and rear surface of the test specimen shall be sealed. A low emission, low adsorption material
shall be used as the seal.
6.7 Recovery and sink effects
A standard solution of target SVOC within an accuracy of ±10 % shall be prepared and a known mass of the
solution shall be injected into the micro-chamber. The micro-chamber shall be heated to 200 °C to 220 °C and
the desorbed compounds shall be sampled in a sorbent tube in a procedure analogous to step 2 of this test.
The same mass of the standard solution shall be directly injected into another sorbent tube. The target
compounds adsorbed into the sorbent tubes shall be determined by thermal desorption and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). The ratio of the result obtained from the standard addition
into the micro-chamber to that from the direct injection shall be treated as the recovery. The recovery ratio
shall be greater than 80 %. The results of this recovery test shall be reported in the test report as expected
concentration versus measured concentration.
NOTE Sink effects, leaks or poor calibration can cause difficulties in meeting the minimum requirements. Sink and
adsorption characteristics are very much dependent on the type of compound emitted. Additional recovery tests using
target SVOCs with different molecular masses and polarity can be used to increase understanding of these effects.
6.8 Air purification device
Clean air shall be provided using an air purification device or from a clean air cylinder, so that the air supplied
to the micro-chamber is as pure as possible. The contaminant level is specified in 8.3.
6.9 Temperature and humidity control device
For temperature control, the micro-chamber shall be placed in a test location, such as a thermostatic oven,
which can maintain the micro-chamber at the necessary temperature.
Relative humidity should be controlled by mixing dry air and air at the required humidity during the first step of
the test. Temperature and relative humidity shall be monitored independently from the temperature and
humidity control system, and dew condensation shall be prevented in the micro-chamber. Water for
humidification should be pure without SVOCs. The contaminant level is specified in 8.3.
6.10 Flow meter
The correct ventilation rate in the micro-chamber shall be measured by using a flow meter installed at the
outlet of the micro-chamber.
6.11 Thermostatic oven
The temperature range should be between 23 °C and 250 °C.
The temperature of the thermostatic oven should be controlled within an accuracy of ±0,5 °C and a
temperature distribution accuracy of ±2 °C.
6.12 Sampling pump
The pump should be controlled within an accuracy of ±10 %. When a transfer line is used, the length shall be
as short as possible, in order to maintain the same temperature as in the micro-chamber. A low adsorptive
material shall be used for the transfer line (outlet-line).
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6.13 Oven to heat micro-chamber
In order to prevent oxidization of SVOC, inert gas should be used. The heating device shall be capable of
maintaining the micro-chamber temperature at approximately 250 °C.
The gas supply line shall also be maintained at the specified temperature.
NOTE If it can be demonstrated that the SVOC compound of interest does not oxidize during thermal desorption in
air, pure dry air can be used instead of inert gas.
7 Apparatus and materials
The equipment necessary for carrying out an emission test are listed below.
7.1 Micro-chamber (6.2).
7.2 Air supply device (6.5).
7.3 Material for sealing (6.6) rear and edges of test specimen.
7.4 Air purification device (6.8).
7.5 Flow meter (6.10).
7.6 Temperature and humidity device (6.9).
7.7 Means of heating micro-chamber (6.13).
7.8 Sorbent and sample tube.
7.9 Analytical instrument. SVOC retained on the sorbent tube shall be analysed using TD and gas
chromatography (GC) (flame ionization or mass spectrometry detection) as specified in ISO 16000-6 and
ISO 16017-1.
8 Test conditions
8.1 Temperature and relative humidity in first step test
Products for use in Europe and North America shall be tested at temperature and relative air humidity
(23 ± 2) °C, (50 ± 5) % RH during the emission test (ISO 554).
For products with applications under other climatic conditions, alternative temperature and air humidity
conditions may be used, preferably as specified in ISO 554.
8.2 Temperature conditions in second step test
After completely replacing the air in the micro-chamber with inert gas ventilation under room temperature
conditions, the micro-chamber temperature shall be increased from room temperature to between 200 °C and
220 °C, and then kept at 200 °C to 220 °C for around 40 min.
The test specimen should be removed from the micro-chamber before this part of the test. It is necessary to
take the maximum heating temperature in the second step test into account according to both the
physicochemical properties of the target SVOC and recovery rate.
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8.3 Supply air quality and background concentration
Supply air shall not contain any SVOCs at levels greater than the micro-chamber background requirements.
Background concentrations shall be low enough not to interfere with the emission determinations beyond
quality assurance limits.
3
The background concentration of any single target SVOC shall be lower than 50 ng/m .
The water used for humidification shall not contain SVOCs at levels which could interfere with the analysis or
compromise backgroun
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-25
First edition
2011-07-01
Indoor air —
Part 25:
Determination of the emission of semi-
volatile organic compounds by building
products — Micro-chamber method
Air intérieur —
Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils
des produits de construction — Méthode de la micro-chambre
Reference number
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Symbols.4
5 Principle.4
6 Micro-chamber system .4
7 Apparatus and materials.8
8 Test conditions .8
9 Verification of test conditions.9
10 Test specimens.10
11 Micro-chamber preparation.10
12 Test method .10
13 Calculation of area specific emission rates and expression of results.11
14 Performance characteristics .11
15 Test report.11
Annex A (normative) System for quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC).13
Annex B (informative) Examples of micro-chambers and procedure .15
Annex C (informative) Example of a method of micro-chamber recovery measurement .19
Annex D (informative) Selection of test specimens .21
Bibliography.23
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-25 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air:
⎯ Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
⎯ Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
⎯ Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber
air — Active sampling method
⎯ Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
⎯ Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
⎯ Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
®
Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID
⎯ Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
⎯ Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions
⎯ Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test chamber method
⎯ Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test cell method
⎯ Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
⎯ Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
⎯ Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Collection on sorbent-backed filters
⎯ Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Extraction, clean-up and analysis by
high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
⎯ Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO )
2
⎯ Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by filtration
⎯ Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Culture-based method
⎯ Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by impaction
⎯ Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds
⎯ Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive
building materials
⎯ Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compound (except
formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
⎯ Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products —
Micro-chamber method
⎯ Part 26: Sampling strategy for carbon dioxide (CO )
2
⎯ Part 28: Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from materials
⎯ Part 27: Determination of settled fibrous dust on surfaces by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) (direct
method)
⎯ Part 29: Test methods for VOC detectors
⎯ Part 30: Sensory testing of indoor air
⎯ Part 31: Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on organophosphorus compounds —
Phosphoric acid ester
⎯ Part 32: Investigation of constructions on pollutants and other injurious factors — Inspections
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Introduction
The determination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from building products using micro-
chambers in conjunction with standardized sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
aims, for example, to:
⎯ provide manufacturers, builders, and end-users with emission data useful for the evaluation of the impact
of building products on the indoor air quality;
⎯ promote the development of improved products.
The measurement method specified in this part of ISO 16000 is applicable to products used in construction
such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their
combinations.
SVOCs such as phthalic esters are found in many construction materials. If emitted into the indoor
environment they adhere to many surfaces and can become a persistent indoor air contaminant.
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test procedure for measuring SVOC emissions from construction products
and materials. This method can, in principle, be used for most building products used indoors.
[6][7] [1]–[5]
ISO 16017 and ISO 12219 also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Indoor air —
Part 25:
Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic
compounds by building products — Micro-chamber method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test method for determination of the area-specific emission rate of semi-
volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from newly produced building products or furnishings under defined
climate conditions using a micro-chamber. The method can in principle also be applied to aged products. This
measurement method is applicable to products and materials, such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring
materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their combinations.
Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are specified in
ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of SVOCs are specified in
ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.
An example of a micro-chamber is described in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air
®
by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air change rate for micro-chamber
n
ratio of the volume of clean air brought into the micro-chamber per hour and the free micro-chamber volume
measured in identical units
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
3.2
air flow rate for micro-chamber
q
V,c
air volume entering into the micro-chamber per time
3.3
air velocity
air speed over the surface of the test specimen
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.3]
3.4
area specific air flow rate
q
VA
ratio between the supply air flow rate and the area of the test specimen
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.4]
3.5
area specific emission rate for SVOC
q
mA
building product specific rate describing the mass of a substance emitted from an exposed area per time at a
given time from the start of the test
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this part of ISO 16000, the emission consists of SVOC.
NOTE 2 The term “area specific emission rate” is sometimes used in parallel with the term “emission factor”.
3.6
building product
product produced for incorporation in a permanent manner in construction works
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.5]
3.7
field blank
m
t0
〈SVOC emission from building products〉 mass of SVOC in the sorbent tube when all operations except air
sampling are performed
NOTE Used in order to consider contamination originating from the sorbent tube itself and contamination originating
in opening, closing, and transportation.
3.8
inert gas
gas without active chemical or other properties
NOTE Normally, helium (He) gas or nitrogen (N ) is used as the gas for thermal desorption (TD) of SVOC adsorbed
2
in the micro-chamber (see Reference [8]).
3.9
mass collected in control test
m
0
sum of mass during first and second steps of test without introducing specimen
3.10
mass collected in first step
m
1
mass of SVOC sampled and measured at the micro-chamber outlet, which are emitted and not absorbed in
the micro-chamber
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
3.11
mass collected in second step
m
2
mass of SVOC sampled and measured at the micro-chamber outlet when thermal desorption is performed
3.12
micro-chamber
container enabling control of conditions for measurement of SVOC emissions from building materials
NOTE Micro-chambers typically range in volume as described in B.1.
3.13
recovery
measured mass of a target semi-volatile organic compound in the air leaving the micro-chamber during
thermal desorption (second step) divided by the mass of target semi-volatile organic compound added to the
micro-chamber
NOTE 1 Recovery is expressed as a percentage.
NOTE 2 The recovery provides information about the performance of the entire method.
3.14
sample
part or piece of a building product that is representative of the production
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.10]
3.15
sampling period
duration over which a sample is taken
NOTE The sampling period is the time during which air is sampled from the outlet of the micro-chamber using
sorbent tubes or other devices.
3.16
semi-volatile organic compound
SVOC
organic compound whose boiling point is in the range from (240 °C to 260 °C) to (380 °C to 400 °C)
NOTE 1 This classification has been defined by the World Health Organization (Reference [9]).
NOTE 2 Boiling points of some compounds are difficult or impossible to determine because they decompose before
they boil at atmospheric pressure. Vapour pressure is another criterion for classification of compound volatility that can be
−2
used for classification of organic chemicals. SVOCs have vapour pressures between 10 mPa and 10 Pa.
3.17
sorbent tube blank
value of SVOC in the sorbent tube itself before air sampling
3.18
target semi-volatile organic compound
product specific semi-volatile organic compound
3.19
test specimen
〈SVOC emission from building products〉 part of the sample specially prepared for emission testing in a micro-
chamber cell in order to simulate the emission behaviour of the material or product that is tested
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
3.20
test start
time of placing the test specimen in the micro-chamber
3.21
total mass collected in first and second step
sum of mass collected during first and second steps of test
4 Symbols
Symbol Meaning Unit
A surface area of test specimen square metres
A inner surface area of the micro-chamber square metres
c
S surface area ratio (equal to A /A) square metres per square metre
L c
m mass collected in control test micrograms
0
m mass collected in first step micrograms
1
m mass collected in second step micrograms
2
m mass collected in first and second steps micrograms
1+2
m field blank micrograms
t0
n air change rate for micro-chamber changes per hour
q area specific emission rate micrograms per square metre hour
mA
q area specific air flow rate (equal to q /A) cubic metres per square metre hour
VA V,c
q air flow rate for micro-chamber cubic metres per hour
V,c
t duration of first phase hours
V air volume of micro-chamber cubic metres
5 Principle
The principle of the test is to determine the area specific emission rates of SVOCs emitted from the surface of
a product test specimen. Although SVOCs are emitted in the micro-chamber, the greater part of these
emissions are adsorbed in the chamber at temperatures of 40 °C or below. Therefore, in this test, the area
specific emission rate of SVOC for a building material which is the object of a test is determined from the
mass collected in the first and second steps. The outcome of the test is the mean rate of emission of SVOCs
from the product over a 24 h period. For specific purposes, the emission rate over a different period of time
could be determined using the same procedure, but varying the duration of the first step.
6 Micro-chamber system
6.1 General
A micro-chamber system designed and operated to determine area specific emission rates of SVOCs from
building products shall contain the following: micro-chamber, clean air generation and humidification system,
and monitoring and control systems to ensure that the test is carried out according to specified conditions.
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
The design of the micro-chamber may allow solid products with a smooth surface to be placed in or on (or
under) the micro-chamber such that the sample itself forms a wall of the micro-chamber. This is analogous to
the approach used in ISO 16000-9 and ISO 16000-10. In this case, it is important that the sample surface be
sealed against the micro-chamber so that emissions from the edges and rear of the test specimen are excluded.
To secure airtightness, other products shall be placed in specially constructed test specimen holders.
General specifications and requirements that apply to all types of micro-chambers in this part of ISO 16000
are given in 6.2 to 6.7.
Quality assurance and quality control activities shall be carried out as specified in Annex A.
6.2 Micro-chamber
An appropriate volume size and an appropriate size ratio of the dimension has been tested and is given in
Table B.1. The micro-chamber and the parts of the sampling system coming into contact with the emitted
SVOCs (all tubings and couplings) are normally made of glass or inert non-outgassing materials, such as
inert-coated stainless steel and polished stainless steel. However, in all cases, the requirements specified in
6.3 and 6.7 shall be fulfilled. Depending on the material of micro-chamber construction (e.g. some types of
glass), surface treatment may be required to aid thermal desorption.
NOTE Polished stainless steel can catalyse degradation of some SVOCs.
The sealing material housing the test specimen shall be low emitting and low adsorbing, and shall not
contribute to the micro-chamber background concentration. Schematic diagrams of the micro-chamber
apparatus are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
576
b
4
a
12 3
Key
1 clean air supply
2 air flow regulator
3 air flow meter
4 micro-chamber
5 test specimen
6 sealing material
7 manifold air sampling (sorbent tube)
a
Air inlet.
b
Exhaust outlet.
Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of a type of micro-chamber apparatus as used in step 1 of the test
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
1 2 3
4
5
b
a
Key
1 transfer line
2 sorbent tube
3 sampling pump
4 micro-chamber
5 chamber heating device
a
Vent line.
b
Inert gas inlet.
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of a type of micro-chamber apparatus as used in step 2 of the test
6.3 Surface area ratio
The ratio of the surface area of the test specimen to the inner surface area of the micro-chamber shall be
0,15 ± 0,007 5.
NOTE A surface area ratio outside this range can give different measurement results.
6.4 Airtightness
The micro-chamber shall have an airtight condition, in which exchange of air with uncontrolled external air is
minimal.
The emission test chamber shall be operated slightly above atmospheric pressure to avoid influence from the
laboratory atmosphere.
NOTE One method of minimizing ingress of laboratory air during the test is to ensure a slightly positive pressure
within the micro-chamber. One way this can be achieved is to supply air to the micro-chamber at a rate that is ∼50 %
faster than the pumped sampling rate leaving the micro-chamber. If this approach is followed, a vent line can be
conveniently installed immediately before the air inlet to the micro-chamber, allowing excess air to be discharged away
from the immediate testing location.
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
6.5 Air supply devices
The micro-chamber shall be provided with a device, such as a flow control device, which makes it possible to
control the ventilation rate continuously to a set numerical value.
6.6 Sealing of test specimen
The edges and rear surface of the test specimen shall be sealed. A low emission, low adsorption material
shall be used as the seal.
6.7 Recovery and sink effects
A standard solution of target SVOC within an accuracy of ±10 % shall be prepared and a known mass of the
solution shall be injected into the micro-chamber. The micro-chamber shall be heated to 200 °C to 220 °C and
the desorbed compounds shall be sampled in a sorbent tube in a procedure analogous to step 2 of this test.
The same mass of the standard solution shall be directly injected into another sorbent tube. The target
compounds adsorbed into the sorbent tubes shall be determined by thermal desorption and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). The ratio of the result obtained from the standard addition
into the micro-chamber to that from the direct injection shall be treated as the recovery. The recovery ratio
shall be greater than 80 %. The results of this recovery test shall be reported in the test report as expected
concentration versus measured concentration.
NOTE Sink effects, leaks or poor calibration can cause difficulties in meeting the minimum requirements. Sink and
adsorption characteristics are very much dependent on the type of compound emitted. Additional recovery tests using
target SVOCs with different molecular masses and polarity can be used to increase understanding of these effects.
6.8 Air purification device
Clean air shall be provided using an air purification device or from a clean air cylinder, so that the air supplied
to the micro-chamber is as pure as possible. The contaminant level is specified in 8.3.
6.9 Temperature and humidity control device
For temperature control, the micro-chamber shall be placed in a test location, such as a thermostatic oven,
which can maintain the micro-chamber at the necessary temperature.
Relative humidity should be controlled by mixing dry air and air at the required humidity during the first step of
the test. Temperature and relative humidity shall be monitored independently from the temperature and
humidity control system, and dew condensation shall be prevented in the micro-chamber. Water for
humidification should be pure without SVOCs. The contaminant level is specified in 8.3.
6.10 Flow meter
The correct ventilation rate in the micro-chamber shall be measured by using a flow meter installed at the
outlet of the micro-chamber.
6.11 Thermostatic oven
The temperature range should be between 23 °C and 250 °C.
The temperature of the thermostatic oven should be controlled within an accuracy of ±0,5 °C and a
temperature distribution accuracy of ±2 °C.
6.12 Sampling pump
The pump should be controlled within an accuracy of ±10 %. When a transfer line is used, the length shall be
as short as possible, in order to maintain the same temperature as in the micro-chamber. A low adsorptive
material shall be used for the transfer line (outlet-line).
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
6.13 Oven to heat micro-chamber
In order to prevent oxidization of SVOC, inert gas should be used. The heating device shall be capable of
maintaining the micro-chamber temperature at approximately 250 °C.
The gas supply line shall also be maintained at the specified temperature.
NOTE If it can be demonstrated that the SVOC compound of interest does not oxidize during thermal desorption in
air, pure dry air can be used instead of inert gas.
7 Apparatus and materials
The equipment necessary for carrying out an emission test are listed below.
7.1 Micro-chamber (6.2).
7.2 Air supply device (6.5).
7.3 Material for sealing (6.6) rear and edges of test specimen.
7.4 Air purification device (6.8).
7.5 Flow meter (6.10).
7.6 Temperature and humidity device (6.9).
7.7 Means of heating micro-chamber (6.13).
7.8 Sorbent and sample tube.
7.9 Analytical instrument. SVOC retained on the sorbent tube shall be analysed using TD and gas
chromatography (GC) (flame ionization or mass spectrometry detection) as specified in ISO 16000-6 and
ISO 16017-1.
8 Test conditions
8.1 Temperature and relative humidity in first step test
Products for use in Europe and North America shall be tested at temperature and relative air humidity
(23 ± 2) °C, (50 ± 5) % RH during the emission test (ISO 554).
For products with applications under other climatic conditions, alternative temperature and air humidity
conditions may be used, preferably as specified in ISO 554.
8.2 Temperature conditions in second step test
After completely replacing the air in the micro-chamber with inert gas ventilation under room temperature
conditions, the micro-chamber temperature shall be increased from room temperature to between 200 °C and
220 °C, and then kept at 200 °C to 220 °C for around 40 min.
The test specimen should be removed from the micro-chamber before this part of the test. It is necessary to
take the maximum heating temperature in the second step test into account according to both the
physicochemical properties of the target SVOC and recovery rate.
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ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
8.3 Supply air quality and background concentration
Supply air shall not contain any SVOCs at levels greater than the micro-chamber background requirements.
Background concentrations shall be low enough not to interfere with the emission determinations beyond
quality assurance limits.
3
The background concentration of any single target SVOC shall be lower than 50 ng/m .
The water used for humidification shall not contain SVOCs at levels which could interfere with the analysis or
compromise background concentrations.
8.4 Area specific air flow rate
Tests on different types of micro-chamber (see Annexes B and C) have shown that area specific air flow rate
is not critical. However, this parameter should not be set below 0,15 m/h in order to maintain relevance to real
world situations.
9 Verification of test conditions
9.1 General
All control measures shall be traceable to a certified standard according to the quality assurance and quality
control schemes (see Annex A).
9.2 Temperature and relative humidity control systems
Control of temperature can be made by placing the micro-chamber within a location controlled to the required
temperature.
Control of relative air humidity and temperature can be made by various systems with, for example, built-in
humidity control of the supply air.
9.3 Test conditions in the micro-chamber
Temperature, relative humidity, and air flow rate shall be measured with instruments meeting the following
accuracy:
⎯ temperature ±0,5 °C
⎯ relative air humidity ±5 %
⎯ air flow rate ±3 %
9.4 Air flow rate in the micro-chamber for the first step test
The air flow rate shall be checked and readjusted prior to air sampling using a calibrated gas flow meter. The
air flo
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 16000-25
Première édition
2011-07-01
Air intérieur —
Partie 25:
Dosage de l'émission de composés
organiques semi-volatils des produits
de construction — Méthode de la
micro-chambre
Indoor air —
Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic
compounds by building products — Micro-chamber method
Numéro de référence
ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
©
ISO 2011
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2011
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.vi
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives.1
3 Termes et définitions .2
4 Symboles.4
5 Principe.5
6 Système de micro-chambre .5
7 Appareillage et matériaux.9
8 Conditions d'essai.9
9 Vérification des conditions d'essai .10
10 Éprouvettes.11
11 Préparation de la micro-chambre .11
12 Méthode d'essai.11
13 Calcul des facteurs d'émission spécifiques par unité de surface et expression des
résultats.12
14 Caractéristiques de performance .12
15 Rapport d'essai.13
Annexe A (normative) Système d'assurance qualité et contrôle qualité (AQ/CQ).14
Annexe B (informative) Exemples de micro-chambres et mode opératoire .16
Annexe C (informative) Exemple de méthode de mesurage de récupération dans la micro-
chambre.20
Annexe D (informative) Sélection des éprouvettes .23
Bibliographie.25
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 16000-25 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 146, Qualité de l'air, sous-comité SC 6, Air
intérieur.
L'ISO 16000 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Air intérieur:
⎯ Partie 1: Aspects généraux de la stratégie d'échantillonnage
⎯ Partie 2: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du formaldéhyde
⎯ Partie 3: Dosage du formaldéhyde et d'autres composés carbonylés dans l'air intérieur et dans l'air des
chambres d'essai — Méthode par échantillonnage actif
⎯ Partie 4: Dosage du formaldéhyde — Méthode par échantillonnage diffusif
⎯ Partie 5: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour les composés organiques volatils (COV)
⎯ Partie 6: Dosage des composés organiques volatils dans l'air intérieur des locaux et chambres d'essai
®
par échantillonnage actif sur le sorbant Tenax TA , désorption thermique et chromatographie en phase
gazeuse utilisant MS ou MS-FID
⎯ Partie 7: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la détermination des concentrations en fibres d'amiante en
suspension dans l'air
⎯ Partie 8: Détermination des âges moyens locaux de l'air dans des bâtiments pour caractériser les
conditions de ventilation
⎯ Partie 9: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits de construction et d'objets
d'équipement — Méthode de la chambre d'essai d'émission
⎯ Partie 10: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits de construction et d'objets
d'équipement — Méthode de la cellule d'essai d'émission
iv © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
⎯ Partie 11: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits de construction et d'objets
d'équipement — Échantillonnage, conservation des échantillons et préparation d'échantillons pour essai
⎯ Partie 12: Stratégie d'échantillonnage des polychlorobiphényles (PCB), des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines
(PCDD), des polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) et des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)
⎯ Partie 13: Dosage des polychlorobiphényles (PCB) de type dioxine et des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines
(PCDD)/polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) totaux (en phase gazeuse et en phase particulaire) —
Collecte sur des filtres adsorbants
⎯ Partie 14: Dosage des polychlorobiphényles (PCB) de type dioxine et des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines
(PCDD)/polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) totaux (en phase gazeuse et en phase particulaire) —
Extraction, purification et analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse haute résolution et
spectrométrie de masse
⎯ Partie 15: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du dioxyde d'azote (NO )
2
⎯ Partie 16: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Échantillonnage par filtration
⎯ Partie 17: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Méthode par culture
⎯ Partie 18: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Échantillonnage par impaction
⎯ Partie 19: Stratégie d'échantillonnage des moisissures
⎯ Partie 23: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des concentrations en formaldéhyde
par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
⎯ Partie 24: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des concentrations en composés
organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
⎯ Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils des produits de construction —
Méthode de la micro-chambre
⎯ Partie 26: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du dioxyde de carbone (CO )
2
⎯ Partie 28: Détermination des émissions d'odeurs des produits de construction au moyen de chambres
d'essai
Les parties suivantes sont en cours d'élaboration:
⎯ Partie 21: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Échantillonnage à partir de matériaux
⎯ Partie 27: Détermination de la poussière fibreuse déposée sur les surfaces par microscopie électronique
à balayage (MEB) (méthode directe)
⎯ Partie 29: Méthodes d'essai pour détecteurs de composés organiques volatils (COV)
⎯ Partie 30: Essai sensoriel de l'air intérieur
⎯ Partie 31: Mesurage des ignifugeants basés sur des composés organophosphorés — Ester d'acide
phosphorique
⎯ Partie 32: Investigation de polluants et autres facteurs nocifs dans les constructions — Inspections
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés v
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
Introduction
Le dosage des composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) émis par les produits de construction effectué à
l'aide de micro-chambres, en procédant à un échantillonnage, un stockage d'échantillons et une préparation
d'éprouvettes normalisées, vise par exemple à:
⎯ fournir aux fabricants, entrepreneurs et utilisateurs finaux des données utiles sur les émissions,
permettant d'évaluer l'incidence des produits de construction sur la qualité de l'air intérieur;
⎯ promouvoir le développement de produits améliorés.
La méthode de mesurage spécifiée dans la présente partie de l'ISO 16000 s'applique aux produits utilisés
dans la construction tels que les planches, papiers peints, revêtements pour sols, matériaux d'isolation, colles,
peintures et leurs combinaisons.
Les COSV, comme les esters de phtalate par exemple, sont présents dans de nombreux matériaux de
construction. S'ils sont émis dans l'environnement intérieur, ils adhèrent à de nombreuses surfaces et peuvent
devenir un contaminant permanent de l'air intérieur.
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 spécifie un mode opératoire d'essai pour le mesurage des émissions de
COSV provenant des produits et matériaux de construction. En principe, la méthode peut être utilisée pour la
plupart des produits de construction utilisés à l'intérieur des bâtiments.
[6][7] [1]–[5]
L'ISO 16017 et l'ISO 12219 portent également sur les mesurages relatifs aux composés organiques
volatils (COV).
vi © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
Air intérieur —
Partie 25:
Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils
des produits de construction — Méthode de la micro-chambre
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 spécifie une méthode d'essai pour la détermination du facteur d'émission
spécifique par unité de surface des composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) provenant de produits de
construction ou d'équipements nouvellement fabriqués dans des conditions climatiques définies, en utilisant
une micro-chambre. En principe, la méthode peut également être appliquée aux produits qui ont vieilli. Cette
méthode de mesurage s'applique aux produits et matériaux tels que les planches, papiers peints, revêtements
pour sols, matériaux d'isolation, colles, peintures et leurs combinaisons.
L'échantillonnage, le transport et le stockage des matériaux à analyser, ainsi que la préparation des
échantillons pour essai, sont spécifiés dans l'ISO 16000-11. L'échantillonnage de l'air et les méthodes
d'analyse pour le dosage des COSV sont spécifiés dans l'ISO 16000-6 et l'ISO 16017-1.
Un exemple de micro-chambre est décrit dans l'Annexe B.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 554, Atmosphères normales de conditionnement et/ou d'essai — Spécifications
ISO 16000-6, Air intérieur — Partie 6: Dosage des composés organiques volatils dans l'air intérieur des
®
locaux et chambres d'essai par échantillonnage actif sur le sorbant Tenax TA , désorption thermique et
chromatographie en phase gazeuse utilisant MS ou MS-FID
ISO 16000-11, Air intérieur — Partie 11: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits
de construction et d'objets d'équipement — Échantillonnage, conservation des échantillons et préparation
d'échantillons pour essai
ISO 16017-1, Air intérieur, air ambiant et air des lieux de travail — Échantillonnage et analyse des composés
organiques volatils par tube à adsorption/désorption thermique/chromatographie en phase gazeuse sur
capillaire — Partie 1: Échantillonnage par pompage
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
taux de renouvellement d'air de la micro-chambre
n
rapport du volume d'air propre entrant dans la micro-chambre par heure sur le volume libre de la
micro-chambre mesuré en unités identiques
3.2
débit d'air de la micro-chambre
q
V,c
volume d'air entrant dans la micro-chambre par unité de temps
3.3
vitesse de l'air
vitesse de l'air à la surface de l'éprouvette d'essai
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.3]
3.4
débit d'air spécifique par unité de surface
q
VA
rapport entre le débit d'air et la surface de l'éprouvette d'essai
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.4]
3.5
facteur d'émission spécifique par unité de surface des COSV
q
mA
taux spécifique au produit de construction représentant la masse d'une substance émise par unité de surface
exposée et par unité de temps à un temps donné après le début de l'essai
NOTE 1 Pour les besoins de la présente partie de l'ISO 16000, les émissions sont composées de COSV.
NOTE 2 Le terme «facteur d'émission spécifique par unité de surface» est parfois utilisé en parallèle avec le terme
«coefficient d'émission».
3.6
produit de construction
produit destiné à être incorporé de manière permanente dans des ouvrages de construction
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.5]
3.7
blanc de prélèvement
m
t0
〈émission de COSV émanant des produits de construction〉 masse de COSV dans le tube d'adsorption quand
toutes les opérations ont été effectuées sauf le prélèvement d'air
NOTE Utilisé pour évaluer la contamination provenant du tube d'absorption lui-même et la contamination possible
lors de l'ouverture, la fermeture et le transport.
3.8
gaz inerte
gaz n'ayant aucune propriété chimique active ou autre
NOTE Normalement, on utilise de l'hélium (He) ou de l'azote (N ) comme gaz pour la désorption thermique (DT) des
2
COSV adsorbés dans la micro-chambre (voir Référence [8]).
2 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
3.9
masse prélevée dans l'essai de contrôle
m
0
somme des masses des première et deuxième étapes de l'essai en l'absence de contenu de l'éprouvette
3.10
masse prélevée lors de la première étape
m
1
masse des COSV échantillonnés et mesurés à la sortie de la micro-chambre, émis mais non absorbés par la
micro-chambre
3.11
masse prélevée lors de la deuxième étape
m
2
masse des COSV échantillonnés et mesurés à la sortie de la micro-chambre lors de la désorption thermique
3.12
micro-chambre
récipient permettant de contrôler les conditions de mesurage des émissions de COSV en provenance des
matériaux de construction
NOTE La gamme type des volumes des micro-chambres est décrite en B.1.
3.13
récupération
masse mesurée d'un composé organique semi-volatil cible contenu dans l'air, qui quitte la micro-chambre
pendant la désorption thermique (deuxième étape), divisée par la masse du composé organique semi-volatil
cible introduit dans la micro-chambre
NOTE 1 La récupération est exprimée en pourcentage.
NOTE 2 La récupération fournit des informations sur les performances de la méthode complète.
3.14
échantillon
partie ou élément d'un produit de construction qui est représentatif de la production
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.10]
3.15
période d'échantillonnage
durée de prélèvement d'un échantillon
NOTE La période d'échantillonnage est la durée pendant laquelle l'air est prélevé à la sortie de la micro-chambre, au
moyen de tubes d'adsorption ou d'autres appareils.
3.16
composé organique semi-volatil
COSV
composé organique dont le point d'ébullition se situe entre (240 °C à 260 °C) et (380 °C à 400 °C)
NOTE 1 Cette classification a été définie par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (Référence [9]).
NOTE 2 Les points d'ébullition de certains composés sont difficiles, voire impossibles à déterminer puisque leur
décomposition intervient avant l'ébullition à pression atmosphérique. La pression de vapeur constitue un autre critère de
classification de la volatilité des composés pouvant servir dans le cadre de la classification de produits chimiques
−2
organiques. Les pressions de vapeur des COSV se situent entre 10 mPa et 10 Pa.
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
3.17
blanc du tube d'adsorption
valeur des COSV dans le tube d'adsorption lui-même avant échantillonnage de l'air
3.18
composé organique semi-volatil cible
composé organique semi-volatil spécifique au produit
3.19
éprouvette
〈émission de COSV émanant des produits de construction〉 partie de l'échantillon spécialement préparée pour
l'essai d'émission dans une cellule de micro-chambre afin de simuler le comportement d'émission du matériau
ou du produit soumis à essai
3.20
début de l'essai
moment où l'éprouvette est placée dans la micro-chambre
3.21
masse totale prélevée lors des première et deuxième étapes
somme des masses prélevées durant les première et deuxième étapes de l'essai
4 Symboles
Symbole Signification Unité
A aire de la surface de l'éprouvette mètres carrés
A aire de la surface intérieure de la micro-chambre mètres carrés
c
S rapport des aires de surface (égal à A /A) mètres carrés par mètre carré
L c
m masse prélevée dans l'essai de contrôle microgrammes
0
m masse prélevée lors de la première étape microgrammes
1
m masse prélevée lors de la deuxième étape microgrammes
2
m masse prélevée lors des première et deuxième étapes microgrammes
1+2
m blanc de prélèvement microgrammes
t0
n taux de renouvellement d'air de la micro-chambre renouvellements par heure
q facteur d'émission spécifique par unité de surface microgrammes par mètre carré
mA
par heure
q débit d'air spécifique par unité de surface (égal à q /A) mètres cubes par mètre carré
VA V,c
par heure
q débit d'air de la micro-chambre mètres cubes par heure
V,c
t durée de la première phase heures
V volume d'air de la micro-chambre mètres cubes
4 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
5 Principe
Le principe de l'essai consiste à déterminer les facteurs d'émission spécifiques, par unité de surface, des
COSV émis à partir de la surface d'un échantillon de produit. Bien que les COSV soient émis dans la micro-
chambre, la majeure partie d'entre eux est adsorbée dans la chambre à des températures inférieures ou
égales à 40 °C. Par conséquent, dans cet essai, le facteur d'émission spécifique par unité de surface des
COSV pour un matériau de construction faisant l'objet d'un essai est déterminé à partir de la masse prélevée
lors des première et deuxième étapes. L'essai permet d'obtenir le facteur moyen d'émission de COSV du
produit sur une période de 24 h. Pour des demandes spécifiques, le facteur d'émission sur une durée
différente peut être déterminé en suivant le même mode opératoire, mais en modifiant la durée de la première
étape.
6 Système de micro-chambre
6.1 Généralités
Un système de micro-chambre conçu et utilisé pour déterminer les facteurs d'émission spécifiques des COSV
provenant des produits de construction doit comporter les équipements suivants: micro-chambre, système
d'humidification et de production d'air propre, systèmes de contrôle et de surveillance pour garantir que l'essai
est réalisé selon les conditions spécifiées.
La conception de la micro-chambre est telle qu'elle peut permettre le positionnement de produits solides dotés
d'une surface lisse dans ou sur (ou sous) la micro-chambre, de manière que l'échantillon lui-même forme une
paroi de la micro-chambre. Cette approche est analogue à celles de l'ISO 16000-9 et de l'ISO 16000-10. Dans
ce cas, il est important que la surface de l'échantillon soit hermétiquement scellée contre la micro-chambre,
afin que les émissions en provenance des bords et de l'arrière de l'éprouvette soient exclues. Pour garantir
l'étanchéité à l'air, les autres produits doivent être placés dans des supports d'éprouvette fabriqués
spécialement.
Les spécifications et exigences générales qui s'appliquent à tous les types de micro-chambres traités dans la
présente partie de l'ISO 16000 sont indiquées en 6.2 à 6.7.
Les activités d'assurance qualité et de contrôle qualité doivent être menées comme spécifié dans l'Annexe A.
6.2 Micro-chambre
Un volume approprié et un rapport de dimension approprié ont été soumis à essai et sont fournis dans le
Tableau B.1. La micro-chambre et les parties du système d'échantillonnage entrant en contact avec les COSV
émis (tous les raccords et tuyauteries) sont généralement constituées de verre ou de matériaux inertes non
dégazant tels que l'acier inoxydable à revêtement inerte et l'acier inoxydable poli. Cependant, dans tous les
cas, les exigences spécifiées en 6.3 et 6.7 doivent être satisfaites. En fonction du matériau de construction de
la micro-chambre (certains types de verre, par exemple), un traitement de surface peut être requis pour
faciliter la désorption thermique.
NOTE L'acier inoxydable poli peut catalyser la dégradation de certains COSV.
Le matériau d'étanchéité qui renferme l'éprouvette doit avoir une faible émission et une faible absorption et ne
doit pas contribuer à la concentration de fond de la micro-chambre. La Figure 1 et la Figure 2 montrent un
diagramme schématique de l'appareillage de la micro-chambre.
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 5
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
576
b
4
a
12 3
Légende
1 entrée d'air propre
2 régulateur de débit d'air
3 débitmètre d'air
4 micro-chambre
5 éprouvette
6 matériau d'étanchéité
7 collecteur d'échantillonnage d'air (tube à adsorption)
a
Alimentation en air.
b
Sortie d'air.
Figure 1 — Diagramme schématique d'un exemple d'appareillage de micro-chambre
tel qu'utilisé dans l'étape 1 de l'essai
6 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
1 2 3
4
5
b
a
Légende
1 conduit de transfert
2 tube à adsorption
3 pompe d'échantillonnage
4 micro-chambre
5 dispositif de chauffage de la chambre
a
Conduit de ventilation.
b
Entrée de gaz inerte.
Figure 2 — Diagramme schématique d'un exemple d'appareillage de micro-chambre
tel qu'utilisé dans l'étape 2 de l'essai
6.3 Rapport de l'aire de la surface
Le rapport de l'aire de la surface de l'éprouvette à l'aire de la surface intérieure de la micro-chambre doit être
de 0,15 ± 0,007 5.
NOTE Un rapport de l'aire de la surface situé en dehors de cette plage peut donner des résultats de mesurage
différents.
6.4 Étanchéité à l'air
La micro-chambre doit être étanche à l'air de sorte que l'échange d'air avec un air extérieur non contrôlé soit
minimal.
La chambre d'essai d'émission doit fonctionner à une pression légèrement supérieure à la pression
atmosphérique pour éviter toute influence de l'atmosphère du laboratoire.
NOTE Une méthode pour limiter le plus possible la pénétration d'air du laboratoire pendant l'essai consiste à
maintenir une légère pression positive à l'intérieur de la micro-chambre. Une façon d'y parvenir consiste à introduire de
l'air dans la micro-chambre avec un débit environ 50 % plus rapide que celui de la pompe d'échantillonnage installée à la
sortie de la micro-chambre. Si cette approche est adoptée, un conduit de ventilation peut être installé juste avant l'entrée
d'air de la micro-chambre, ce qui permet au trop plein d'air d'être évacué hors du périmètre d'essai.
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 7
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
6.5 Dispositifs d'alimentation en air
La micro-chambre doit être équipée d'un dispositif, tel qu'un dispositif de contrôle du débit, permettant de
contrôler en continu le débit de renouvellement d'air à une valeur numérique donnée.
6.6 Étanchéité de l'éprouvette
Les bords et la surface arrière de l'éprouvette doivent être obturés. Le matériau d'étanchéité utilisé doit
présenter une faible émission et une faible adsorption.
6.7 Récupération et effets de puits
Une solution étalon du COSV cible d'une précision de ±10 % doit être préparée et une masse connue de la
solution doit être injectée à l'intérieur de la micro-chambre. La micro-chambre doit être chauffée entre 200 °C
et 220 °C et les composés désorbés doivent être prélevés avec un tube à adsorption lors d'une opération
analogue à l'étape 2 de cet essai. La même masse de solution étalon doit être directement injectée dans un
autre tube à adsorption. Les composés cibles adsorbés dans les tubes à adsorption doivent être dosés par
désorption thermique et chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse (DT-CG/SM). Le rapport
du résultat obtenu avec l'ajout de la solution étalon dans la micro-chambre au résultat obtenu avec l'injection
directe doit être considéré comme la récupération. Le rapport de récupération doit être supérieur à 80 %. Les
résultats de cet essai de récupération doivent être consignés dans le rapport d'essai comme étant la
concentration attendue par rapport à la concentration mesurée.
NOTE Des effets de puits, des fuites ou un mauvais étalonnage peuvent poser des problèmes pour répondre aux
exigences minimales. Les caractéristiques d'adsorption et d'effet de puits dépendent considérablement du type de
composé émis. Des essais de récupération complémentaires avec des COSV cibles de masse moléculaire et de polarité
différentes peuvent être utilisés pour mieux comprendre ces effets.
6.8 Dispositif de purification d'air
De l'air propre doit être fourni à l'aide d'un dispositif de purification d'air ou à partir d'une bouteille d'air propre
reconstitué, de sorte que l'air fourni dans la micro-chambre soit aussi pur que possible. Le niveau de
contamination est spécifié en 8.3.
6.9 Dispositif de régulation de la température et de l'humidité
Pour réguler la température, la micro-chambre doit être placée dans un lieu d'essai, comme par exemple une
étuve thermostatée, apte à maintenir la micro-chambre à la température nécessaire.
Il convient de réguler l'humidité relative en mélangeant air sec et air humide de manière à obtenir l'humidité
requise lors de la première étape de l'essai. La température et l'humidité relative doivent être contrôlées
indépendamment du système de régulation de la température et de l'humidité, et toute condensation doit être
évitée à l'intérieur de la micro-chambre. Il convient que l'eau utilisée pour l'humidification soit exempte de
COSV. Le niveau de contamination est spécifié en 8.3.
6.10 Débitmètre
Le débit exact de renouvellement d'air à l'intérieur de la micro-chambre doit être mesuré avec un débitmètre
installé à la sortie de la micro-chambre.
6.11 Étuve thermostatée
Il convient que la température soit comprise entre 23 °C et 250 °C.
Il convient de réguler la température de l'étuve thermostatée avec une précision de ±0,5 °C et la répartition de
la température avec une précision de ±2 °C.
8 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-25:2011(F)
6.12 Pompe d'échantillonnage
Il convient qu'une pompe soit réglée avec une précision de ±10 %. Lorsqu'un conduit de transfert est utilisé,
sa longueur doit être minimale afin de conserver la température existant à l'intérieur de la micro-chambre.
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
01-april-2013
1RWUDQML]UDNGHO 'RORþHYDQMHHPLVLMSROKODSQLKRUJDQVNLKVSRMLQL]
JUDGEHQLKSURL]YRGRY0HWRGD]PLNURNRPRUR
Indoor air - Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by
building products - Micro-chamber method
Air intérieur - Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils des
produits de construction - Méthode de la micro-chambre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 16000-25:2011
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
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oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-25
First edition
2011-07-01
Indoor air —
Part 25:
Determination of the emission of semi-
volatile organic compounds by building
products — Micro-chamber method
Air intérieur —
Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils
des produits de construction — Méthode de la micro-chambre
Reference number
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
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Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Symbols.4
5 Principle.4
6 Micro-chamber system .4
7 Apparatus and materials.8
8 Test conditions .8
9 Verification of test conditions.9
10 Test specimens.10
11 Micro-chamber preparation.10
12 Test method .10
13 Calculation of area specific emission rates and expression of results.11
14 Performance characteristics .11
15 Test report.11
Annex A (normative) System for quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC).13
Annex B (informative) Examples of micro-chambers and procedure .15
Annex C (informative) Example of a method of micro-chamber recovery measurement .19
Annex D (informative) Selection of test specimens .21
Bibliography.23
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oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-25 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air:
⎯ Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
⎯ Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
⎯ Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber
air — Active sampling method
⎯ Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
⎯ Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
⎯ Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
®
Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID
⎯ Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
⎯ Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions
⎯ Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test chamber method
⎯ Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test cell method
⎯ Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
⎯ Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
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⎯ Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Collection on sorbent-backed filters
⎯ Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Extraction, clean-up and analysis by
high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
⎯ Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO )
2
⎯ Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by filtration
⎯ Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Culture-based method
⎯ Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by impaction
⎯ Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds
⎯ Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive
building materials
⎯ Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compound (except
formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
⎯ Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products —
Micro-chamber method
⎯ Part 26: Sampling strategy for carbon dioxide (CO )
2
⎯ Part 28: Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from materials
⎯ Part 27: Determination of settled fibrous dust on surfaces by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) (direct
method)
⎯ Part 29: Test methods for VOC detectors
⎯ Part 30: Sensory testing of indoor air
⎯ Part 31: Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on organophosphorus compounds —
Phosphoric acid ester
⎯ Part 32: Investigation of constructions on pollutants and other injurious factors — Inspections
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Introduction
The determination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from building products using micro-
chambers in conjunction with standardized sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
aims, for example, to:
⎯ provide manufacturers, builders, and end-users with emission data useful for the evaluation of the impact
of building products on the indoor air quality;
⎯ promote the development of improved products.
The measurement method specified in this part of ISO 16000 is applicable to products used in construction
such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their
combinations.
SVOCs such as phthalic esters are found in many construction materials. If emitted into the indoor
environment they adhere to many surfaces and can become a persistent indoor air contaminant.
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test procedure for measuring SVOC emissions from construction products
and materials. This method can, in principle, be used for most building products used indoors.
[6][7] [1]–[5]
ISO 16017 and ISO 12219 also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements.
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oSIST ISO 16000-25:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-25:2011(E)
Indoor air —
Part 25:
Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic
compounds by building products — Micro-chamber method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test method for determination of the area-specific emission rate of semi-
volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from newly produced building products or furnishings under defined
climate conditions using a micro-chamber. The method can in principle also be applied to aged products. This
measurement method is applicable to products and materials, such as board materials, wallpapers, flooring
materials, insulation materials, adhesives, paints, and their combinations.
Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are specified in
ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of SVOCs are specified in
ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.
An example of a micro-chamber is described in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air
®
by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air change rate for micro-chamber
n
ratio of the volume of clean air brought into the micro-chamber per hour and the free micro-chamber volume
measured in identical units
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3.2
air flow rate for micro-chamber
q
V,c
air volume entering into the micro-chamber per time
3.3
air velocity
air speed over the surface of the test specimen
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.3]
3.4
area specific air flow rate
q
VA
ratio between the supply air flow rate and the area of the test specimen
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.4]
3.5
area specific emission rate for SVOC
q
mA
building product specific rate describing the mass of a substance emitted from an exposed area per time at a
given time from the start of the test
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this part of ISO 16000, the emission consists of SVOC.
NOTE 2 The term “area specific emission rate” is sometimes used in parallel with the term “emission factor”.
3.6
building product
product produced for incorporation in a permanent manner in construction works
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.5]
3.7
field blank
m
t0
〈SVOC emission from building products〉 mass of SVOC in the sorbent tube when all operations except air
sampling are performed
NOTE Used in order to consider contamination originating from the sorbent tube itself and contamination originating
in opening, closing, and transportation.
3.8
inert gas
gas without active chemical or other properties
NOTE Normally, helium (He) gas or nitrogen (N ) is used as the gas for thermal desorption (TD) of SVOC adsorbed
2
in the micro-chamber (see Reference [8]).
3.9
mass collected in control test
m
0
sum of mass during first and second steps of test without introducing specimen
3.10
mass collected in first step
m
1
mass of SVOC sampled and measured at the micro-chamber outlet, which are emitted and not absorbed in
the micro-chamber
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3.11
mass collected in second step
m
2
mass of SVOC sampled and measured at the micro-chamber outlet when thermal desorption is performed
3.12
micro-chamber
container enabling control of conditions for measurement of SVOC emissions from building materials
NOTE Micro-chambers typically range in volume as described in B.1.
3.13
recovery
measured mass of a target semi-volatile organic compound in the air leaving the micro-chamber during
thermal desorption (second step) divided by the mass of target semi-volatile organic compound added to the
micro-chamber
NOTE 1 Recovery is expressed as a percentage.
NOTE 2 The recovery provides information about the performance of the entire method.
3.14
sample
part or piece of a building product that is representative of the production
[ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.10]
3.15
sampling period
duration over which a sample is taken
NOTE The sampling period is the time during which air is sampled from the outlet of the micro-chamber using
sorbent tubes or other devices.
3.16
semi-volatile organic compound
SVOC
organic compound whose boiling point is in the range from (240 °C to 260 °C) to (380 °C to 400 °C)
NOTE 1 This classification has been defined by the World Health Organization (Reference [9]).
NOTE 2 Boiling points of some compounds are difficult or impossible to determine because they decompose before
they boil at atmospheric pressure. Vapour pressure is another criterion for classification of compound volatility that can be
−2
used for classification of organic chemicals. SVOCs have vapour pressures between 10 mPa and 10 Pa.
3.17
sorbent tube blank
value of SVOC in the sorbent tube itself before air sampling
3.18
target semi-volatile organic compound
product specific semi-volatile organic compound
3.19
test specimen
〈SVOC emission from building products〉 part of the sample specially prepared for emission testing in a micro-
chamber cell in order to simulate the emission behaviour of the material or product that is tested
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3.20
test start
time of placing the test specimen in the micro-chamber
3.21
total mass collected in first and second step
sum of mass collected during first and second steps of test
4 Symbols
Symbol Meaning Unit
A surface area of test specimen square metres
A inner surface area of the micro-chamber square metres
c
S surface area ratio (equal to A /A) square metres per square metre
L c
m mass collected in control test micrograms
0
m mass collected in first step micrograms
1
m mass collected in second step micrograms
2
m mass collected in first and second steps micrograms
1+2
m field blank micrograms
t0
n air change rate for micro-chamber changes per hour
q area specific emission rate micrograms per square metre hour
mA
q area specific air flow rate (equal to q /A) cubic metres per square metre hour
VA V,c
q air flow rate for micro-chamber cubic metres per hour
V,c
t duration of first phase hours
V air volume of micro-chamber cubic metres
5 Principle
The principle of the test is to determine the area specific emission rates of SVOCs emitted from the surface of
a product test specimen. Although SVOCs are emitted in the micro-chamber, the greater part of these
emissions are adsorbed in the chamber at temperatures of 40 °C or below. Therefore, in this test, the area
specific emission rate of SVOC for a building material which is the object of a test is determined from the
mass collected in the first and second steps. The outcome of the test is the mean rate of emission of SVOCs
from the product over a 24 h period. For specific purposes, the emission rate over a different period of time
could be determined using the same procedure, but varying the duration of the first step.
6 Micro-chamber system
6.1 General
A micro-chamber system designed and operated to determine area specific emission rates of SVOCs from
building products shall contain the following: micro-chamber, clean air generation and humidification system,
and monitoring and control systems to ensure that the test is carried out according to specified conditions.
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The design of the micro-chamber may allow solid products with a smooth surface to be placed in or on (or
under) the micro-chamber such that the sample itself forms a wall of the micro-chamber. This is analogous to
the approach used in ISO 16000-9 and ISO 16000-10. In this case, it is important that the sample surface be
sealed against the micro-chamber so that emissions from the edges and rear of the test specimen are excluded.
To secure airtightness, other products shall be placed in specially constructed test specimen holders.
General specifications and requirements that apply to all types of micro-chambers in this part of ISO 16000
are given in 6.2 to 6.7.
Quality assurance and quality control activities shall be carried out as specified in Annex A.
6.2 Micro-chamber
An appropriate volume size and an appropriate size ratio of the dimension has been tested and is given in
Table B.1. The micro-chamber and the parts of the sampling system coming into contact with the emitted
SVOCs (all tubings and couplings) are normally made of glass or inert non-outgassing materials, such as
inert-coated stainless steel and polished stainless steel. However, in all cases, the requirements specified in
6.3 and 6.7 shall be fulfilled. Depending on the material of micro-chamber construction (e.g. some types of
glass), surface treatment may be required to aid thermal desorption.
NOTE Polished stainless steel can catalyse degradation of some SVOCs.
The sealing material housing the test specimen shall be low emitting and low adsorbing, and shall not
contribute to the micro-chamber background concentration. Schematic diagrams of the micro-chamber
apparatus are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
576
b
4
a
12 3
Key
1 clean air supply
2 air flow regulator
3 air flow meter
4 micro-chamber
5 test specimen
6 sealing material
7 manifold air sampling (sorbent tube)
a
Air inlet.
b
Exhaust outlet.
Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of a type of micro-chamber apparatus as used in step 1 of the test
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1 2 3
4
5
b
a
Key
1 transfer line
2 sorbent tube
3 sampling pump
4 micro-chamber
5 chamber heating device
a
Vent line.
b
Inert gas inlet.
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of a type of micro-chamber apparatus as used in step 2 of the test
6.3 Surface area ratio
The ratio of the surface area of the test specimen to the inner surface area of the micro-chamber shall be
0,15 ± 0,007 5.
NOTE A surface area ratio outside this range can give different measurement results.
6.4 Airtightness
The micro-chamber shall have an airtight condition, in which exchange of air with uncontrolled external air is
minimal.
The emission test chamber shall be operated slightly above atmospheric pressure to avoid influence from the
laboratory atmosphere.
NOTE One method of minimizing ingress of laboratory air during the test is to ensure a slightly positive pressure
within the micro-chamber. One way this can be achieved is to supply air to the micro-chamber at a rate that is ∼50 %
faster than the pumped sampling rate leaving the micro-chamber. If this approach is followed, a vent line can be
conveniently installed immediately before the air inlet to the micro-chamber, allowing excess air to be discharged away
from the immediate testing location.
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6.5 Air supply devices
The micro-chamber shall be provided with a device, such as a flow control device, which makes it possible to
control the ventilation rate continuously to a set numerical value.
6.6 Sealing of test specimen
The edges and rear surface of the test specimen shall be sealed. A low emission, low adsorption material
shall be used as the seal.
6.7 Recovery and sink effects
A standard solution of target SVOC within an accuracy of ±10 % shall be prepared and a known mass of the
solution shall be injected into the micro-chamber. The micro-chamber shall be heated to 200 °C to 220 °C and
the desorbed compounds shall be sampled in a sorbent tube in a procedure analogous to step 2 of this test.
The same mass of the standard solution shall be directly injected into another sorbent tube. The target
compounds adsorbed into the sorbent tubes shall be determined by thermal desorption and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). The ratio of the result obtained from the standard addition
into the micro-chamber to that from the direct injection shall be treated as the recovery. The recovery ratio
shall be greater than 80 %. The results of this recovery test shall be reported in the test report as expected
concentration versus measured concentration.
NOTE Sink effects, leaks or poor calibration can cause difficulties in meeting the minimum requirements. Sink and
adsorption characteristics are very much dependent on the type of compound emitted. Additional recovery tests using
target SVOCs with different molecular masses and polarity can be used to increase understanding of these effects.
6.8 Air purification device
Clean air shall be provided using an air purification device or from a clean air cylinder, so that the air supplied
to the micro-chamber is as pure as possible. The contaminant level is specified in 8.3.
6.9 Temperature and humidity control device
For temperature control, the micro-chamber shall be placed in a test location, such as a thermostatic oven,
which can maintain the micro-chamber at the necessary temperature.
Relative humidity should be controlled by mixing dry air and air at the required humidity during the first step of
the test. Temperature and relative humidity shall be monitored independently from the temperature and
humidity control system, and dew condensation shall be prevented in the micro-chamber. Water for
humidification should be pure without SVOCs. The contaminant level is specified in 8.3.
6.10 Flow meter
The correct ventilation rate in the micro-chamber shall be measured by using a flow meter installed at the
outlet of the micro-chamber.
6.11 Thermostatic oven
The temperature range should be between 23 °C and 250 °C.
The temperature of the thermostatic oven should be controlled within an accuracy of ±0,5 °C and a
temperature distribution accuracy of ±2 °C.
6.12 Sampling pump
The pump should be controlled within an accuracy of ±10 %. When a transfer line is used, the length shall be
as short as possible, in order to maintain the same temperature as in the micro-chamber. A low adsorptive
material shall be used for the transfer line (outlet-line).
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6.13 Oven to heat micro-chamber
In order to prevent oxidization of SVOC, inert gas should be used. The heating device shall be capable of
maintaining the micro-chamber temperature at approximately 250 °C.
The gas supply line shall also be maintained at the specified temperature.
NOTE If it can be demonstrated that the SVOC compound of interest does not oxidize during thermal desorption in
air, pure dry air can be used instead of inert gas.
7 Apparatus and materials
The equipment necessary for carrying out an emission test are listed below.
7.1 Micro-chamber (6.2).
7.2 Air supply device (6.5).
7.3 Material for sealing (6.6) rear and edges of test specimen.
7.4 Air purification device (6.8).
7.5 Flow meter (6.10).
7.6 Temperature and humidity device (6.9).
7.7 Means of heating micro-chamber (6.13).
7.8 Sorbent and sample tube.
7.9 Analytical instrument. SVOC retained on the sorbent tube shall be analysed using TD and gas
chromatography (GC) (flame ionization or mass spectrometry detection) as specified in ISO 16000-6 and
ISO 16017-1.
8 Test conditions
8.1 Temperature and relative humidity in first step test
Products for use in Europe and North America shall be tested at temperature and relative air humidity
(23 ± 2) °C, (50 ± 5) % RH during the emission test (ISO 554).
For products with applications under other climatic conditions, alternative temperature and air humidity
conditions may be used, preferably as specified in ISO 554.
8.2 Temperature conditions in second step test
After completely replacing the air in the micro-chamber with inert gas ventilation under room temperature
conditions, the micro-chamber temperature shall be increased from room temperature to between 200 °C and
220 °C, and then kept at 200 °C to 220 °C for around 40 min.
The test specimen should be removed from the micro-chamber before this part of the test. It is necessary to
take the maximum heating temperature in the second step test into account according to both the
physicochemical properties of the target SVOC and recovery rate.
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8.3 Supply air quality and background concentration
Supply air shall not contain any SVOCs at levels greater than the micro-chamber background requirements.
Background concentrations shall be low enough not to interfere with the emission determinations beyond
quality assurance limits.
3
The background concentration of any single target SVOC shall be lower than 50 ng/m .
The water used for humidification shall not contain SVOCs at levels which could interfere with the analysis or
compromise background concentrations.
...
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