IWA 44:2025

Global Media Identifier (GMI) for distribution channels and brands

This document provides requirements and recommendations for the structure and associated metadata to be included and the governance of the Global Media Identifier (GMI) that can be assigned to all media outlets that publish content online. The identification of material or physical objects is out of scope of this document. This document also considers the GMI’s technical infrastructure and its practical implementation. It is a neutral, non-judgemental numbering or naming convention, not a certification scheme. This document does not include any provisions for the assessment of online content, e.g. as regards its trustworthiness, quality, or an outlet’s conformance with journalistic standards.

Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 13-Jul-2025
• ICS: 35.240.30 - IT applications in information, documentation and publishing
• ICS: 35.240.95 - Internet applications
• Technical Committee: ISO/TMBG - Technical Management Board - groups
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TMBG - Technical Management Board - groups
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 14-Jul-2025
• Completion Date: 14-Jul-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Workshop
Agreement
IWA 44
First edition
Global Media Identifier (GMI) for
2025-07
distribution channels and brands
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Construction of a GMI . 4
4.1 General characteristics .4
4.2 Representation of the GMI . .4
5 GMI Check Digit . 5
5.1 General characteristics .5
5.2 Procedure for calculating the check digit unit .5
5.3 EXAMPLE . .5
6 GMI kernel metadata elements . 6
7 GMI extended metadata elements . 6
8 GMI assignment . 7
9 GMI interoperability with other IDs . 7
9.1 Interoperability with DOI .7
9.2 Interoperability with QR Codes .7
Annex A (normative) Metadata elements . . 8
Annex B (informative) Governing and operating the GMI .12
Annex C (informative) Integrity, transparency and security of GMI .18
Annex D (informative) Guidelines and best practices for potential usage of the GMI by external
parties .21
Annex E (informative) Media data taxonomy .23
Annex F (informative) Workshop participants .27
Bibliography .28

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
International Workshop Agreement IWA 44 was approved at a workshop hosted by the German Institute
for Standardization (DIN), in association with the Global Media Registry (GMR), held in Berlin, Germany, in
January 2025.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
In July 2023, the Global Media Registry (GMR) and the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) submitted
a proposal to the Secretariat of the ISO Technical Management Board (TMB) for the development of an ISO
International Workshop Agreement (IWA).
The foundation of this IWA workshop was approved by the ISO members in November 2023. To ensure
that the broadest range of interested parties worldwide participated in the workshop, an invitation letter
was circulated to all ISO members and other potential stakeholders on 2023-11-16 and registration to the
workshop was possible until 2024-02-23.
This document was discussed and approved at a series of workshops held between February 2024 and
January 2025. This included an internal commenting phase as well as a public consultation phase.
Global Media Identifiers (GMI), as covered by this document, are a tool to enhance the integrity of the online
news ecosystem. Among other things, it helps to harmonise and improve the effectiveness of respective
signalling along the distribution chain to facilitate content indexation and recommendation by online
platforms (e.g. search, streaming and social media). In addition, the deliverables of this document can be used
by all other stakeholders that engage with mass media and content distribution online, such as providers/
operators of advertising technology, and public sector actors (e.g. regulatory authorities).
The aim of the GMI is to establish source identity, for example, between channels operated by the same
editorial unit across platforms, news media websites and their social media presence. Such an interoperable
system of GMIs is crucial to safeguarding the integrity of news and information ecosystems, which is relevant
when publishing, accessing, and managing content online. Additional parties engaged in this information
ecosystem such as individuals (influencers, bloggers, or independent journalists), as well as third-party
aggregators and other distributors, can be considered for GMI assignment.
GMIs are part of an open and scalable infrastructure of identifier systems and indicators that aim to
safeguard the transparency, responsibility and accountability of online content and its sources. The
purpose of this document is not to replace existing standards and indicators, but to add a holistic and global
framework with a view of harmonising them.
The functioning of our shared information space depends on digital infrastructure and platforms. Their
protocols and algorithmic-driven recommender systems determine how content can be accessed by users
online. In order to function properly, these recommender systems require up-to-date criteria by which
content is included, promoted or even excluded based upon inclusion lists of trustworthy sources of content,
or exclusion lists of bad actors.
The unique key of the GMI is designed to provide signal transparency and integrity in a neutral way and
is assigned to media outlets (which means all distribution channels and brands of a content provider), so
that the industry, regulators, audiences and other stakeholders can unambiguously identify the respective
source of information, for example, in order to trace back and identify its ultimate beneficial owner.
Identifiers of media are not a new idea. Most, if not all, major stakeholders concerned (such as social media
platforms and search engines, the advertising sector and public actors, such as national regulators, and
academic researchers) already use their own identifiers to index media companies, their outlets, brands and
channels, but those lists are often incomplete and not harmonized. The GMI is an effective and transparent
alternative or complement to these diffuse attempts. It mitigates related risks by facilitating harmonization
both vertically (e.g. between platforms and signal providers) and horizontally (e.g. amongst platforms and
ad-tech). This reduces errors, speeds up the processes, and prevents the mismatches and mix-ups that are
common in this space.
Many countries and transnational entities are currently in the process of updating their regulatory
frameworks to better reflect the realities of the online environment, safeguard transparency and protect the
rights of users. Assigning news sources with GMIs can enable key players to more effectively comply with
this kind of regulation. Some examples from the European Union (EU) context are the Digital Services Act
that requires online services to take effective mitigation measures against online risks, and the Copyright
Directive which obliges online platforms to pay rights holders for their content. The European Media
Freedom Act foresees a protected status for news media publishers and their accounts on social media.

v
Additionally, the co-regulatory Code of Practice on Disinformation prescribes indicators of trustworthiness
of online sources, to better inform users, guide content recommendation and to make advertising placement
more transparent. At the same time, compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation can affect the
assigning and managing of the GMI.
As highlighted above, current efforts to assign identifiers to online media have some shortcomings. A
problem occurs when different lists categorise accounts according to different criteria. This might be the
case with brands of the same name (e.g. there are several dozen media outlets called "Phoenix"), or with
affiliates, syndicated channels or sister-brands of the same origin, that might follow different editorial lines
(e.g. Al Jazeera, Phoenix or Fox). Even when a web-domain or social media account is always distinct, it might
not be immediately clear to wh
...

International
Workshop
Agreement
IWA 44
First edition
Global Media Identifier (GMI) for
distribution channels and brands
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Construction of a GMI . 4
4.1 General characteristics .4
4.2 Representation of the GMI . .4
5 GMI Check Digit . 5
5.1 General characteristics .5
5.2 Procedure for calculating the check digit unit .5
5.3 EXAMPLE . .5
6 GMI kernel metadata elements . 6
7 GMI extended metadata elements . 6
8 GMI assignment . 7
9 GMI interoperability with other IDs . 7
9.1 Interoperability with DOI .7
9.2 Interoperability with QR Codes .7
Annex A (normative) Metadata elements . . 8
Annex B (informative) Governing and operating the GMI .12
Annex C (informative) Integrity, transparency and security of GMI .18
Annex D (informative) Guidelines and best practices for potential usage of the GMI by external
parties .21
Annex E (informative) Media data taxonomy .23
Annex F (informative) Workshop participants .27
Bibliography .28
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
International Workshop Agreement IWA 44 was approved at a workshop hosted by the German Institute
for Standardization (DIN), in association with the Global Media Registry (GMR), held in Berlin, Germany, in
January 2025.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iv
Introduction
In July 2023, the Global Media Registry (GMR) and the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) submitted
a proposal to the Secretariat of the ISO Technical Management Board (TMB) for the development of an ISO
International Workshop Agreement (IWA).
The foundation of this IWA workshop was approved by the ISO members in November 2023. To ensure
that the broadest range of interested parties worldwide participated in the workshop, an invitation letter
was circulated to all ISO members and other potential stakeholders on 2023-11-16 and registration to the
workshop was possible until 2024-02-23.
This document was discussed and approved at a series of workshops held between February 2024 and
January 2025. This included an internal commenting phase as well as a public consultation phase.
Global Media Identifiers (GMI), as covered by this document, are a tool to enhance the integrity of the online
news ecosystem. Among other things, it helps to harmonise and improve the effectiveness of respective
signalling along the distribution chain to facilitate content indexation and recommendation by online
platforms (e.g. search, streaming and social media). In addition, the deliverables of this document can be used
by all other stakeholders that engage with mass media and content distribution online, such as providers/
operators of advertising technology, and public sector actors (e.g. regulatory authorities).
The aim of the GMI is to establish source identity, for example, between channels operated by the same
editorial unit across platforms, news media websites and their social media presence. Such an interoperable
system of GMIs is crucial to safeguarding the integrity of news and information ecosystems, which is relevant
when publishing, accessing, and managing content online. Additional parties engaged in this information
ecosystem such as individuals (influencers, bloggers, or independent journalists), as well as third-party
aggregators and other distributors, can be considered for GMI assignment.
GMIs are part of an open and scalable infrastructure of identifier systems and indicators that aim to
safeguard the transparency, responsibility and accountability of online content and its sources. The
purpose of this document is not to replace existing standards and indicators, but to add a holistic and global
framework with a view of harmonising them.
The functioning of our shared information space depends on digital infrastructure and platforms. Their
protocols and algorithmic-driven recommender systems determine how content can be accessed by users
online. In order to function properly, these recommender systems require up-to-date criteria by which
content is included, promoted or even excluded based upon inclusion lists of trustworthy sources of content,
or exclusion lists of bad actors.
The unique key of the GMI is designed to provide signal transparency and integrity in a neutral way and
is assigned to media outlets (which means all distribution channels and brands of a content provider), so
that the industry, regulators, audiences and other stakeholders can unambiguously identify the respective
source of information, for example, in order to trace back and identify its ultimate beneficial owner.
Identifiers of media are not a new idea. Most, if not all, major stakeholders concerned (such as social media
platforms and search engines, the advertising sector and public actors, such as national regulators, and
academic researchers) already use their own identifiers to index media companies, their outlets, brands and
channels, but those lists are often incomplete and not harmonized. The GMI is an effective and transparent
alternative or complement to these diffuse attempts. It mitigates related risks by facilitating harmonization
both vertically (e.g. between platforms and signal providers) and horizontally (e.g. amongst platforms and
ad-tech). This reduces errors, speeds up the processes, and prevents the mismatches and mix-ups that are
common in this space.
Many countries and transnational entities are currently in the process of updating their regulatory
frameworks to better reflect the realities of the online environment, safeguard transparency and protect the
rights of users. Assigning news sources with GMIs can enable key players to more effectively comply with
this kind of regulation. Some examples from the European Union (EU) context are the Digital Services Act
that requires online services to take effective mitigation measures against online risks, and the Copyright
Directive which obliges online platforms to pay rights holders for their content. The European Media
Freedom Act foresees a protected status for news media publishers and their accounts on social media.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
v
Additionally, the co-regulatory Code of Practice on Disinformation prescribes indicators of trustworthiness
of online sources, to better inform users, guide content recommendation and to make advertising placement
more transparent. At the same time, compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation can affect the
assigning and managing of the GMI.
As highlighted above, current efforts to assign identifiers to online media have some shortcomings. A
problem occurs when different lists categorise accounts according to different criteria. This might be the
case with brands of the same name (e.g. there are several dozen media outlets called "Phoenix"), or with
affiliates, syndicated channels or sister-brands of the same origin, that might follow different editorial lines
(e.g. Al Jazeera, Phoenix or Fox). Even when a web-domain or social media account is alw
...

PRF IWA 44
INTERNATIONAL
ISO/TMBG
WORKSHOP
Secretariat: ISO
AGREEMENT
Date: 2025-03-1805-20
Global Media Identifier (GMI) for distribution channels and brands

Reference number
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission
can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Contents
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Construction of a GMI . 4
4.1 General characteristics . 4
4.2 Representation of the GMI . 6
5 GMI Check Digit . 6
5.1 General characteristics . 6
5.2 Procedure for calculating the check digit unit . 7
5.3 EXAMPLE . 7
6 GMI kernel metadata elements . 8
7 GMI extended metadata elements . 9
8 GMI assignment . 9
9 GMI interoperability with other IDs . 9
9.1 Interoperability with DOI . 9
9.2 Interoperability with QR Codes. 10
Annex A (normative) Metadata elements . 2
Annex B (informative) Governing and operating the GMI . 6
Annex C (informative) Integrity, transparency and security of GMI . 13
Annex D (informative) Guidelines and best practices for potential usage of the GMI by
external parties . 17
Annex E (informative) Media data taxonomy . 19
Annex F (informative) Workshop participants . 25
Bibliography . 26

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of
this document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the
evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of
publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to
implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest
information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
International Workshop Agreement IWA 44 was approved at a workshop hosted by DIN,the German
Institute for Standardization (DIN), in association with the Global Media Registry (GMR), held in Berlin,
Germany, in January 2025.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction
In July 2023, the Global Media Registry (GMR) and the German Institute for
StandardisationStandardization (DIN) submitted a proposal to the Secretariat of the ISO Technical
Management Board (TMB) for the development of an ISO International Workshop Agreement (IWA).
The foundation of this IWA workshop has beenwas approved by the ISO members in November 2023.
To ensure that the broadest range of interested parties worldwide will participateparticipated in the
workshop, an invitation letter has beenwas circulated to all ISO members and other potential
stakeholders on 2023-11-16 and registration to the workshop was possible until 2024-02-23.
The International Workshop Agreement IWA 44This document was discussed and approved at a series
of workshops held between February 2024 and January 2025. This included an internal commenting
phase as well as a public consultation phase.
Global Media Identifiers (GMI), as covered by this IWAdocument, are a tool to enhance the integrity of
the online news ecosystem –. Among other things, by harmonisingit helps to harmonise and
improvingimprove the effectiveness of respective signalling along the distribution chain to facilitate
content indexation and recommendation by online platforms (e.g. search, streaming and social media).
In addition, the deliverables of the IWAthis document can be used by all other stakeholders that engage
with mass media and content distribution online, such as providers/operators of advertising
technology, and public sector actors (e.g. regulatory authorities).
The aim of the GMI is to establish source identity, for example, between channels operated by the same
editorial unit across platforms, news media websites and their social media presence. Such an
interoperable system of GMIs is crucial to safeguarding the integrity of news and information
ecosystems, which is relevant when publishing, accessing, and managing content online. Additional
parties engaged in this information ecosystem such as individuals (influencers, bloggers, or independent
journalists), as well as third-party aggregators and other distributors, can be considered for GMI
assignment.
GMIs are part of an open and scalable infrastructure of identifier systems and indicators that aim to
safeguard the transparency, responsibility and accountability of online content and its sources. The
purpose of this document is not to replace existing standards and indicators, but to add a holistic and
global framework with a view of harmonising them.
The functioning of our shared information space depends on digital infrastructure and platforms. Their
protocols and algorithmic-driven recommender systems determine how content can be accessed by
users online. In order to workfunction properly, these recommender systems require up-to-date criteria
by which content is included, promoted or even excluded based upon inclusion lists of trustworthy
sources of content, or exclusion lists of bad actors.
The unique key of the GMI is designed to provide signal transparency and integrity in a neutral way and
is assigned to media outlets (which means all distribution channels and brands of a content provider),
so that the industry, regulators, audiences and other stakeholders can unambiguously identify the
respective source of information, for example, in order to trace back and identify its ultimate beneficial
owner.
Identifiers of media are not a new idea per se. Most, if not all, major stakeholders concerned (such as
social media platforms and search engines, the advertising sector and public actors, such as national
regulators, and academic researchers) already use their own identifiers to index media companies, their
outlets, brands and channels, but those lists are often incomplete and not harmonized. The GMI is an
effective and transparent alternative or complement to these diffuse attempts, that mitigate. It mitigates
related risks by facilitating harmonization – both vertically (e.g. between platforms and signal
providers) as well asand horizontally (e.g. amongst platforms, and ad-tech amongst each other
respectively) – thus reducing). This reduces errors, speedingspeeds up the processes, as well as
preventingand prevents the mismatches and mix-ups that are common in this space.
Many countries and transnational entities are currently in the process of updating their regulatory
frameworks to better reflect the realities of the online environment, safeguard transparency and protect
the rights of users. Assigning news sources with GMIs wouldcan enable key players to more effectively

comply with this kind of regulation. Some examples from the European Union (EU) context are the
Digital Services Act that requires online services to take effective mitigation measures against online
risks, and the Copyright Directive which obliges online platforms to pay rights holders for their content.
The European Media Freedom Act foresees a protected status for news media publishers and their
accounts on social media, and. Additionally, the co-regulatory Code of Practice on Disinformation
prescribes indicators of trustworthiness of online sources, to better inform users, guide content
recommendation and to make advertising placement more transparent. At the same time, the assigning
and managing of the GMI needs to complycompliance with the General Data Protection Regulation, and
some other laws inside and outside the EU can affect the assigning and managing of the GMI.
As highlighted above, current efforts to assign identifiers to online media have some shortcomings. A
problem occurs when different lists categorise accounts according to different criteria. This might be
the case with brands of the same name (e.g. there are several dozens ofdozen media outlets called
‘Phoenix’),"Phoenix"), or with affiliates, syndicated channels or sister-brands of the same origin, that
might follow different editorial lines (e.g. Al Jazeera, Phoenix or Fox). Even when a web-domain or social
media account is always distinct, it might not be immediately clear to which media outlet or company it
belongs. This couldcan lead to conflicting or wrong signals, misleading algorithmic indexation and
negatively impacting site integrity and user experience. Bad actors could evencan capitalise on this
deficiency and try to game the recommender systems with similar sounding names of channels,
accounts, or brands.
The instrument of Industry standard setting is a useful pathtool to solve the outlined problem in a fully
self-regulatory and consensual, but still authoritative way. Examples of such conventions are the two-
or three-letter country codes stipulated by ISO, the three letter codes for airports, or the international
bank account number (IBAN). Specific to the content creation process, the international standard name
identifier (ISNI) is an identifier for the public identity of parties.
The GMI project has beenwas proposed by the Global Media Registry, a Germany-based non-profit social
enterprise that supports transparency, accountability, and pluralism in the digital information space.
The GMR is a member of the Global Forum for
...