ISO 10975:2023

Agricultural machinery and tractors - Auto-guidance systems for operator-controlled tractors and self-propelled machines - Safety requirements

This document specifies safety requirements for auto-guidance systems used in agricultural tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines. It is applicable to auto-guidance systems which are factory installed as an integral part of the tractor or self-propelled machine, as well as systems designed to be retrofitted to equipment after such equipment has left the control of the manufacturer. It is not applicable to guidance systems used in tractors or self-propelled machines that do not require an on-board operator for primary control of the tractor or self-propelled machine. This document does not specify requirements necessary to ensure the integrity of the complex electronic control system which can be an integral part of the auto-guidance system. Such requirements are dealt with in other International Standards which address complex electrical/electronic machine control systems. This document is not applicable to tractors and self-propelled machines which were manufactured with an auto-guidance system, and to self-contained auto-guidance retrofit systems, which were individually placed on the market before the date of publication of this document. NOTE Specific road traffic regulations can impose additional requirements for auto-guidance systems.

Tracteurs et matériels agricoles — Systèmes d'autoguidage pour tracteurs commandés par opérateur et pour machines automotrices — Exigences de sécurité

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Oct-2023
• ICS: 65.060.01 - Agricultural machines and equipment in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 19 - Agricultural electronics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 19 - Agricultural electronics
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 02-Oct-2023
• Due Date: 31-May-2024
• Completion Date: 30-Sep-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 10975:2009 - Tractors and machinery for agriculture - Auto-guidance systems for operator-controlled tractors and self-propelled machines - Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Overview

ISO 10975:2023 sets forth essential safety requirements for auto-guidance systems used in agricultural tractors and self-propelled machines. These systems assist operators in steering machinery more accurately and efficiently, thereby reducing fatigue and improving operational precision. The standard applies to both factory-installed and retrofitted auto-guidance systems on operator-controlled agricultural equipment, ensuring safety protocols are maintained regardless of installation timing.

This standard does not cover fully autonomous machines without onboard operators or older auto-guidance retrofitted systems placed on the market before its publication. It also excludes detailed integrity requirements for complex electronic control systems, which are addressed by other international standards. ISO 10975:2023 complements road traffic regulations, which may impose additional conditions for auto-guidance systems.

Key Topics

• Controls and Displays:
  ISO 10975:2023 mandates ergonomic and visible control placement based on ISO 15077 guidelines. Displays must enable safe operation without obstructing the work area or primary controls. Visual indicators for system states should be accessible on designated screens as explained in the operator’s manual.

• Operator Presence System (OPS):
  To prevent accidents, an operator presence system is compulsory. The OPS verifies operator presence through physical detection or activity monitors that track control manipulation, ensuring the system reacts appropriately if the operator leaves the station.

• Limits of Operation:
  The standard requires auto-guidance systems to limit the machine’s maximum steering curvature based on factors like speed, terrain, and machine configuration. This helps prevent unsafe maneuvers during autonomous steering.

• System States and Transitions:
  The auto-guidance system must have clearly defined disabled, enabled, and active states with appropriate operator controls to switch between them. Visual and audible indicators provide real-time feedback on the system state. Additionally, the system must deactivate automatically under predefined conditions such as operator steering intervention or loss of positioning signals.

• Safety Information:
  Operators must receive comprehensive manuals and clear safety signage. For retrofitted systems, the standard requires installation guidelines to ensure proper and safe integration.

Applications

ISO 10975:2023 is critical for:

• Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers:
  Ensuring the design and build of safe auto-guidance systems that comply with international safety norms for tractors and self-propelled machines.

• Retrofit System Providers:
  Delivering safe add-on guidance technology that integrates seamlessly without compromising operator control or safety.

• Farm Operators and Equipment Users:
  Benefiting from enhanced operational safety and reduced fatigue along with clear, reliable system feedback.

• Regulators and Safety Inspectors:
  Evaluating compliance and establishing safeguards for commercial agricultural machinery equipped with auto-guidance functions.

This standard underpins the safe deployment of semi-autonomous assistance technology in agriculture, promoting safer, more efficient field operations.

Related Standards

• ISO 15077: Operator controls - actuation and placement
• ISO 4254-1: Agricultural machinery safety - general requirements
• ISO 10998: Agricultural tractors - steering system requirements
• ISO 11684: Safety signs and hazard pictorials
• ISO 12100: Safety of machinery - general design principles
• ISO/FDIS 18497-1 (under development): Safety of semi-autonomous agricultural machinery

By referencing and harmonizing these related standards, ISO 10975:2023 ensures a comprehensive approach to functional safety and operator well-being in the context of auto-guidance technology for agricultural machinery.

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Keywords: ISO 10975:2023, auto-guidance systems, agricultural machinery safety, operator-controlled tractors, self-propelled machines, agricultural equipment retrofit, operator presence system, machinery safety standards, steering controls, farm machinery guidance safety.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10975
Second edition
2023-09
Agricultural machinery and
tractors — Auto-guidance systems
for operator-controlled tractors and
self-propelled machines — Safety
requirements
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles — Systèmes d'autoguidage pour
tracteurs commandés par opérateur et pour machines automotrices
— Exigences de sécurité
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 3
4.1 Controls and displays . 3
4.2 Operator presence system . 3
4.3 Limits of operation . . 3
4.4 State requirements . 3
5 Information for use .4
5.1 Operator’s manual . 4
5.2 Safety and instructional signs . 5
5.3 Installation instructions for retrofitted systems . 5
Bibliography . 6
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10975:2009), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— requirements have been added for limits of operation in 4.3;
— conditions have been added to 4.4.7;
— installation instructions for retrofitted systems have been added in 5.3.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards. The
requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and
built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take
precedence.
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
— Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects
that can be applied to machinery;
— Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspects or one or more
types of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— Type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature,
noise);
— Type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure
sensitive devices, guards);
— Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
Auto-guidance systems are used in tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines to reduce operator
fatigue and to increase the accuracy and efficiency of field operations. To ensure the proper function
and safety of such systems, this document specifies requirements for controls and displays, activation
and deactivation of the system, audible and/or visual indicators to show the status of the system and
the information to be provided to the operator. According to the current practice, these requirements
are applicable to factory installed systems and systems intended to be retrofitted.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10975:2023(E)
Agricultural machinery and tractors — Auto-guidance
systems for operator-controlled tractors and self-propelled
machines — Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements for auto-guidance systems used in agricultural tractors
and self-propelled agricultural machines.
It is applicable to auto-guidance systems which are factory installed as an integral part of the tractor or
self-propelled machine, as well as systems designed to be retrofitted to equipment after such equipment
has left the control of the manufacturer.
It is not applicable to guidance systems used in tractors or self-propelled machines that do not require
an on-board operator for primary control of the tractor or self-propelled machine.
This document does not specify requirements necessary to ensure the integrity of the complex
electronic control system which can be an integral part of the auto-gu
...