ISO 683-11:2012
(Main)Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — Part 11: Case-hardening steels
Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — Part 11: Case-hardening steels
ISO 683-11:2012 specifies the technical delivery requirements for semi-finished products, hot formed, (e.g. blooms, billets, slabs), bars, wire rod, finished flat products and hammer or drop forgings manufactured from the case-hardening non-alloy or alloy steels listed (in Table 3) and supplied in one of the heat-treatment conditions given for the different types of products (in Table 1) and in one of the surface conditions given (in Table 2). The steels are, in general, intended for the manufacture of case-hardened machine parts. In addition to ISO 683-11:2012, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable.
Aciers pour traitement thermique, aciers alliés et aciers pour décolletage — Partie 11: Aciers pour cémentation
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 683-11
Second edition
2012-09-15
Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and
free-cutting steels —
Part 11:
Case-hardening steels
Aciers pour traitement thermique, aciers alliés et aciers pour
décolletage —
Partie 11: Aciers pour cémentation
Reference number
ISO 683-11:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
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ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Classification and designation . 3
4.1 Classification . 3
4.2 Designation . 3
5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser . 3
5.1 Mandatory Information . 3
5.2 Options and/or supplementary or special requirements . 3
6 Manufacturing process . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Deoxidation . 4
6.3 Heat-treatment condition and surface condition at delivery . 4
6.4 Traceability of the cast . 4
7 Requirements . 4
7.1 Chemical composition, hardness and hardenability . 4
7.2 Machinability . 5
7.3 Cold shearability . 5
7.4 Grain size . 5
7.5 Non-metallic inclusions . 5
7.6 Internal soundness . 5
7.7 Surface condition . 6
7.8 Shape, dimensions and tolerances . 6
8 Inspection . 6
8.1 Testing procedures and types of documents . 6
8.2 Frequency of testing . 7
8.3 Tests to be carried out for specific inspection . 7
9 Test methods . 7
9.1 Chemical analysis . 7
9.2 Hardness and hardenability tests . 7
9.3 Retests . 7
10 Marking . 8
Annex A (normative) Supplementary or special requirements .21
Annex B (informative) Designation of steels given in this part of ISO 683 and of comparable grades
covered in various designation systems .22
Annex C (informative) Dimensional standards applicable to products complying with this part of
ISO 683 .23
Annex D (informative) Classification of steel grades according to minimum tensile strength as a
function of diameter after hardening and tempering at 200 °C .24
Bibliography .25
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 683-11 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 4, Heat treatable and
alloy steels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 683-11:1987), which has been technically revised.
ISO 683 consists of the following parts, under the general title Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-
cutting steels:
— Part 1: Non-alloy steels for quenching and tempering
— Part 2: Alloy steels for quenching and tempering
— Part 9: Wrought free-cutting steels
— Part 10: Wrought nitriding steels
— Part 11: Case-hardening steels
— Part 14: Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs
— Part 15: Valve steels for internal combustion engines
— Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels
— Part 18: Bright products of unalloyed and low alloy steels
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 683-11:2012(E)
Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels —
Part 11:
Case-hardening steels
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 683 specifies the technical delivery requirements for
— semi-finished products, hot formed, e.g. blooms, billets, slabs (see Note 1),
— bars (see Note 1),
— wire rod,
— finished flat products,
— hammer or drop forgings (see Note 1)
manufactured from the case-hardening non-alloy or alloy steels listed in Table 3 and supplied in one of the heat-
treatment conditions given for the different types of products in Table 1 and in one of the surface conditions
given in Table 2.
The steels are, in general, intended for the manufacture of case-hardened (see 3.1) machine parts.
NOTE 1 Hammer-forged semi-finished products (blooms, billets, slabs, etc.), seamless rolled rings and hammer-forged
bars are covered under semi-finished products or bars and not under the term ‘hammer and drop forgings’.
NOTE 2 For International Standards relating to steels complying with the requirements for the chemical composition
in Table 3, however, supplied in other product forms or treatment conditions than given above or intended for special
applications, and for other related International Standards, see the Bibliography.
1.2 In special cases, variations in these technical delivery requirements or additions to them can form the
subject of an agreement at the time of enquiry and order (see annex A).
1.3 In addition to this part of ISO 683, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 377, Steel and steel products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing
ISO 404, Steel and steel products — General technical delivery requirements
ISO 642, Steel — Hardenability test by end quenching (Jominy test)
ISO 643, Steels — Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size
ISO 4885, Ferrous products — Heat treatments — Vocabulary
ISO 4948-1, Steels; Classification — Part 1: Classification of steels into unalloyed and alloy steels based on
chemical composition
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
ISO 4948-2, Steels — Classification — Part 2: Classification of unalloyed and alloy steels according to main
quality classes and main property or application characteristics
ISO/TS 4949, Steel names based on letter symbols
ISO 4967, Steel — Determination of content of non metallic inclusions — Micrographic method using
standard diagrams.
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, K, N, T)
ISO 6929, Steel products — Vocabulary
ISO 7788, Steel — Surface finish of hot-rolled plates and wide flats — Delivery requirements
ISO 9443, Heat-treatable and alloy steels — Surface quality classes for hot-rolled round bars and wire rod —
Technical delivery conditions
ISO/TR 9769, Steel and iron — Review of available methods of analysis
ISO 10474, Metallic products — Inspection documents
ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions of ISO 377, ISO 4885, ISO 4948-1, ISO 4948-2, ISO 6929,
ISO 14284 and the following apply.
NOTE For deviations from these terms and definitions, see Note 1 to the Scope and footnote a to Table 2.
3.1
case-hardening steels
structural steels with a relatively low carbon content, which are carburized or carbonitrided on their surface and
subsequently hardened
NOTE 1 These steels, after hardening, have a high degree of hardness in the surface zone and good resistance to
wear, while the core material is characterized principally by extreme toughness.
NOTE 2 Further possibilities for heat treatment of case-hardening steels are, for example, nitrocarburizing and nitriding.
3.2
non-alloy steel
non-alloy steel as defined in ISO 4948-1
3.3
alloy steel
special steel as defined in ISO 4948-1
3.4
special steels
special steel as defined in ISO 4948-2
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
4 Classification and designation
4.1 Classification
The classification of the relevant steel grades is according to ISO 4948-1 and ISO 4948-2. Steel grades C10E,
C10R, C15E, C15R, C16E, C16R and 22Mn6 are non-alloy special steels. All other steel grades covered by
this part of ISO 683are alloy special steels.
4.2 Designation
For the steel grades covered by this part of ISO 683, the steel names as given in the relevant tables are
allocated in accordance with ISO/TS 4949.
5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
5.1 Mandatory Information
The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order:
a) quantity to be delivered;
b) designation of the product form (slab, bloom, billet, round bar or square bar, wire rod, wide flats, sheet,
plate, strip, forging, etc.);
c) either the designation of the dimensional standard and the dimensions and tolerances selected from this
(see 7.8) or, for example in the case of drop forgings, the designation of the drawing or any other document
covering the dimensions and tolerances required for the product;
d) reference to this part of ISO 683, i.e. ISO 683-11;
e) the designation of the steel type given in Table 3;
f) standard designation for a test report 2.2 or, if required, any other type of inspection document in accordance
with ISO 10474 (or according to another regional standard, e.g. EN 10204 or JIS G 0415).
5.2 Options and/or supplementary or special requirements
A number of options are specified in this International Standard and listed below. If the purchaser does not
indicate the wish to implement any of these options, the products will be supplied in accordance with the basic
specifications of this part of ISO 683 (see 5.1):
a) if a heat-treatment condition other than the untreated condition is required, the symbol for this other
condition (see Table 1, column 2);
b) if a surface condition other than “hot worked” or a special surface quality is required, the surface condition
(see Table 2) and the surface quality (see 7.7.3);
c) any requirement for restricted hardenability scatter bands for alloy steels (+HH, +HL; see 7.1.1 and Table 6);
d) if any supplementary requirement shall be complied with, the symbol and, where necessary, the details of
this supplementary requirement (see Annex A);
e) any requirement for the verification of non-metallic inclusion content (see 7.5);
f) verification of hardenability and, if agreed, the information about calculation of the hardenability (see 9.2.2);
g) any requirement concerning suitability of bars and rod for bright drawing (see 7.7.4);
h) any requirement relating to removal of surface defects (see 7.7.5);
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
EXAMPLE 50 hot-rolled round bars according to ISO 1035-1 with a nominal diameter of 40 mm and a nominal length
of 8 000 mm with diameter tolerance according to class S and with length tolerance according to class L2 of ISO 1035-4
made of steel grade ISO 683-11 20MnCr5 (see Table 3) in the heat-treatment condition annealed (+A), surface blast
cleaned (+BC) (see Table 2), product analysis/option A.3 with an inspection certificate 3.1 according to ISO 10474.
50 round bars ISO 1035 - 40,0S × 8 000L2
ISO 683-11 - 20MnCr5+A+BC, Option A.3
ISO 10474 –3.1
6 Manufacturing process
6.1 General
The manufacturing process of the steel and of the products is, with the restrictions given by the requirements
in 6.2 to 6.4, left to the discretion of the manufacturer.
For minimum reduction ratio or minimum thickness deformation ratio of rolled and forged products, see A.4.
6.2 Deoxidation
All steels shall be deoxidized.
6.3 Heat-treatment condition and surface condition at delivery
6.3.1 Normal condition at delivery
Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the products shall be delivered in the untreated
condition, i.e. hot-worked condition.
6.3.2 Particular heat-treatment condition
If so agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the products shall be delivered in one of the heat-treatment
conditions given in Table 1, lines 3 to 8.
6.3.3 Particular surface conditions
If so agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the products shall be delivered in one of the particular surface
conditions given in Table 2, lines 3 to 6.
6.4 Traceability of the cast
The products shall be traceable to the cast, see Clause 10.
7 Requirements
7.1 Chemical composition, hardness and hardenability
7.1.1 General
Table 1 gives a survey on combinations of usual heat-treatment conditions at delivery, product forms and
requirements as specified in Tables 3 to 7 (chemical composition, hardenability, maximum hardness and
hardness range).
Unless otherwise agreed for alloy steels, the hardenability requirements given in Table 5 apply. If agreed at the
time of enquiry and order, alloy steels with restricted hardenability scatter bands given in Table 6 shall be supplied.
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
7.1.2 Chemical composition
The chemical composition determined by cast analysis shall comply with the values in Table 3.
Permissible deviations between the limiting values for cast analysis and the values for product analysis are
given in Table 4.
The product analysis shall be carried out when specified, at the time of the enquiry and order (see A.3).
7.2 Machinability
All steels are machinable in the conditions “soft-annealed”, “treated to hardness range”, “treated to ferrite/pearlite
structure” and “normalized.
Where improved machinability is required, the grades with a specified sulfur range should be ordered and/or
with a specific treatment to improve machinability (see also Table 3, footnote c).
7.3 Cold shearability
7.3.1 Under suitable shearing conditions (avoiding local stress peaks, preheating, application of blades with
a profile adapted to that of the product, etc.), all steels are cold shearable in the condition “soft-annealed”.
7.3.2 Steel grades 24CrMo4, 24CrMoS4, 20MnCr5, 20MnCrS5, 15NiCr13, 17NiCrMo6-4 and 18CrNiMo7-6,
are, under suitable conditions, also cold shearable when delivered in the condition “treated to improve
shearability” with the hardness requirements given in Table 7.
7.3.3 The non-alloy steels and steels 20Cr4, 20CrS4, 16MnCr5, 16MnCrS5, 18CrMo4, 18CrMoS4, 20NiCrMo2-2
and 20NiCrMoS2-2 are, under suitable conditions, cold shearable when delivered in the untreated condition.
7.4 Grain size
Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the steel shall show a fine grain structure with an
austenitic grain size of 5 and finer, when tested in accordance with ISO 643. For verification, see A.1.
7.5 Non-metallic inclusions
7.5.1 Microscopic inclusions
The special steels shall have a certain degree of cleanness; however, verification of the non-metallic inclusion
content requires a special agreement. If there is such an agreement at the time of enquiry and order, the
microscopic non-metallic inclusion content shall be determined to an agreed procedure and within agreed
limits in accordance with ISO 4967 or another standard, e.g. regional standards EN 10247 or JIS G 0555.
NOTE For grades with specified minimum sulfur content, the agreement should not include sulfides.
7.5.2 Macroscopic inclusions
This requirement is applicable to the verification of the macroscopic inclusions in special steels. If verification
is agreed, the method and acceptance limits shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
7.6 Internal soundness
Where appropriate, requirements relating to the internal soundness of the products shall be agreed at the time
of inquiry and order (see A.2).
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
7.7 Surface condition
7.7.1 All products shall have a smooth surface finish appropriate to the manufacturing processes applied.
7.7.2 Minor surface imperfections which may occur under normal manufacturing conditions, such as prints
originating from rolled-in scale, are not to be regarded as defects.
7.7.3 Bars and wire rod are delivered with surface class A according to ISO 9443 and hot-rolled plates and wide
flats shall be delivered with a surface according ISO 7788, unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
Where no International Standard on the surface quality of steel products exists, detailed requirements referring
to this characteristic shall, where appropriate, be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
It is more difficult to detect and eliminate surface discontinuities from coiled products than from cut lengths.
This should be taken into account when agreements on surface quality are made.
NOTE Bars and wire rod for cold heading and cold extrusion are covered fully by ISO 4954.
7.7.4 If suitability of bars and rod for bright drawing is required, this shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
7.7.5 Removal of surface discontinuities by welding shall only be permitted with the approval of the customer
or his/her representative. If surface discontinuities are repaired, the method and maximum depth of removal
shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
7.8 Shape, dimensions and tolerances
The nominal dimensions, tolerances on dimensions and shape of the product shall be agreed at the time of
enquiry and order, if possible, with reference to the dimensional standards applicable (see Annex C).
8 Inspection
8.1 Testing procedures and types of documents
8.1.1 Products complying with this part of ISO 683 shall be ordered and delivered with one of the inspection
documents as specified in ISO 10474 or another standard, e.g. regional standards EN 10204 or JIS G 0415.
The type of document shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order. If the order does not contain any
specification of this type, a test report shall be issued.
8.1.2 If, in accordance with the agreements made at the time of enquiry and order, a test report 2.2 is to be
provided, this shall cover the following information:
a) confirmation that the material complies with the requirements of the order;
b) results of the cast analysis for all elements specified in Table 3 for the steel grade concerned.
8.1.3 If, in accordance with the agreements in the order, an inspection certificate 3.1 or 3.2 is to be provided,
the specific inspections and tests described in 8.2 shall be carried out and the results shall be confirmed in the
inspection certificate.
In addition, the inspection certificate shall cover:
a) confirmation that the material complies with the requirements of the order;
b) results of the cast analysis for all elements specified in Table 3 for the steel grade concerned;
c) results of all inspections and tests ordered by supplementary requirements (see Annex A);
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
d) the symbol, letters or numbers relating the test certificates, the test pieces and products to each other.
8.2 Frequency of testing
The amount of testing, the sampling conditions and the test methods to be applied for the verification of the
requirements shall be in accordance with the of Table 9.
8.3 Tests to be carried out for specific inspection
8.3.1 General
For non-alloy steels and for alloy steels without requirements concerning the verification of hardenability, the
hardness requirements according to Table 1, columns 8.2 and 9.2, Table 7 are to be verified.
For alloy steels being ordered with the verification of hardenability, unless otherwise agreed, only the
hardenability requirements according to Table 5 and Table 6 are to be verified.
8.3.2 Visual and dimensional inspection
A sufficient number of products shall be inspected to ensure the compliance with the specification.
9 Test methods
9.1 Chemical analysis
The choice of a suitable physical or chemical analytical method for the analysis shall be at the discretion of the
manufacturer. In cases of dispute, the method product analysis used shall be agreed taking into account the
relevant existing International Standards.
NOTE The list of available International Standards on chemical analysis is given in ISO/TR 9769.
9.2 Hardness and hardenability tests
9.2.1 Verification of hardness
For products in the heat-treatment conditions +S (treated to improve shearability), +A (soft-annealed), +TH
(treated to hardness range), +FP (treated to ferritic-pearlitic structure) and +N (normalized), the hardness shall
be measured in accordance with ISO 6506-1 (see Table 7 and Table 9).
9.2.2 Verification of hardenability
For alloy steels as far as available, the manufacturer has the option to verify the hardenability by calculation.
The calculation method is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. If agreed at the time of enquiry and order,
the manufacturer shall give sufficient information about the calculation for the customer to confirm the result.
If a calculation formula is not available or in the case of dispute, an end quench hardenability test shall be
carried out in accordance with ISO 642 and Table 9. The temperature for quenching shall comply with Table 8.
The hardness values shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6508-1, scale C.
9.3 Retests
Retests of case hardening steels and criteria should be as specified in ISO 404.
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
10 Marking
The manufacturer shall mark the products or the bundles or boxes containing the products in a suitable way, so
that the identification of the cast, the steel type and the origin of the delivery is possible (see A.5).
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
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Table 1 — Combinations of usual heat-treatment conditions at delivery, product forms and requirements according to Tables 3 to 7
No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
x indicates applicable to Applicable requirements
Heat-
treatment
Semi- Hammer Non-alloy steel grades Alloy steel grades
1 Symbol
Flat
condition at
finished Bars Wire rod and drop
products
delivery 8.1 8.2 9.1 9.2 9.3
products forgings
None
2 Untreated x x x x x -
or +U
Treated to
Column
3 improve +S x x - - -
Hardenability
+S
shearability
values
according to
Soft- Column
Chemical
4 +A x x x x x
annealed +A Table 5 or 6
compo
sition As in column 8
Treated to If option 5.2 f is ordered, the
Brinell Column
accord (see footnote b to
5 hardness +TH - x x x x
verification of hardenability
hardness +TH
ing to Table 3)
range and,
accord
Tables 3
if agreed, the
Treated to ing to Table 7
and 4
Column
information about calculation
6 ferrite-pearlite +FP - x - - x
+FP of the hardenability
structure
(see 8.2.2)
Normalized or Column
normal- +N
7 +N - - - x -
izing
forming
Other treatment conditions, for example certain annealing conditions to achieve a certain structure, may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
8 Others
The condition “annealed to achieve a spheroidization of the carbides (+AC)”, as required for cold heading and cold extrusion, is covered in ISO 4954.
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ISO 683-11:2012(E)
Table 2 — Surface condition at delivery
No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
x indicates in general applicable to
Semi-
Hammer
finished
and drop
1 Surface condition at delivery Symbol Notes
products Flat
Bars Wire rod forgings
(as products
(see note
blooms,
3 to 1.1)
billets)
2 Unl
...
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