ISO 23013:2016

Road vehicles — Determination of resistance to forced entry of security glass constructions used in vehicle glazing — Test of glazing systems

ISO 23013:2016 provides test procedures that are designed to assess levels of resistance to forced entry provided by security glazing used in vehicles. Security glazing to be tested shall provide a certain (higher) level of protection against vehicle intrusion than standard safety glazing. This International Standard does not apply to conventional safety glazing material that meets the requirements of international automotive glazing material standards similar, but not limited to ECE R43. This International Standard's goal is to quantify how much resistance can be provided by particular system parts (security glazing with associated part of the car body) against rapid unauthorized entry into vehicles. The test methods used have been designed more to simulate opportunist theft attacks using simple implements, which could be easily carried about a person rather than by "calculated theft" using specialist tools which a professional thief might use. That range of tools is limited to hand-held and non-powered instruments that could physically provide access to a vehicle.

Véhicules routiers — Détermination de la résistance à la force d'intrusion des constructions de vitres de sécurité utilisées dans les vitrages de véhicules — Essai des systèmes de vitrages

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Jan-2016
• ICS: 43.040.65 - Glazing and wiper systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 35 - Lighting and visibility
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 35/WG 2 - Safety glazing
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 06-Sep-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23013
First edition
2016-01-15
Road vehicles — Determination of
resistance to forced entry of security
glass constructions used in vehicle
glazing — Test of glazing systems
Véhicules routiers — Détermination de la résistance à la force
d’intrusion des constructions de vitres de sécurité utilisées dans les
vitrages de véhicules — Essai des systèmes de vitrages
Reference number
ISO 23013:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Description of the apparatus . 4
5.1.1 General. 4
5.1.2 Tool for pointed attack . 6
5.1.3 Tool for blunt attack . 7
5.1.4 Tool for cutting attack . 7
5.1.5 Tool for displacement test . 8
5.2 Checking the equipment .10
5.2.1 Determining the effective mass and checking the speed measuring apparatus .10
5.2.2 Pointed attack .11
5.2.3 Blunt attack .11
5.2.4 Cutting attack .11
5.2.5 Displacement test .11
6 Test pieces .12
6.1 Support frame for the system part.12
6.2 Associated sections of the car body .12
6.3 Security glazing .12
6.4 Number of panes of glazing .13
7 Test conditions .13
8 Test procedures .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Attack test sequence with blunt tool .14
8.2.1 General.14
8.2.2 Test element pointed attack .14
8.2.3 Test element blunt attack .14
8.2.4 Test element displacement .14
8.2.5 Test position and requirements for different levels of attack resistance .14
8.3 Attack test sequence with cutting tool .15
8.3.1 General.15
8.3.2 Test element pointed attack .16
8.3.3 Test element cutting attack .16
8.3.4 Test element displacement .16
8.3.5 Test position and requirements for different levels of attack resistance .16
9 Classification .18
10 Test report .18
11 Test certificate .19
Annex A (informative) Comments .20
Annex B (informative) Source of steel pin for the pointed attack tool .21
Bibliography .22
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 35, Lighting
and visibility.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

Introduction
The vast majority of potential attacks using hand-held implements can be narrowed down to two basic
types of attack: attack with a sharp instrument and attack with a blunt instrument. Such attacks are
reproduced by these procedures using standardized tests. The levels of energy/force used in the tests
are designed to reflect strength of attack that is within the limits of human capability.
As the construction of the window frame plays a particularly important role in providing resistance to
forced entry, any glazing requiring classification approval by this International Standard needs to be
tested within its own original car body section, e.g. its own door assembly.
By defining performance levels of attack resistance, it is possible to classify the intruder resistance
properties of a given glazing within a system part.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23013:2016(E)
Road vehicles — Determination of resistance to forced
entry of security glass constructions used in vehicle glazing
— Test of glazing systems
1 Scope
This International Standard provides test procedures that are designed to assess levels of resistance
to forced entry provided by security glazing used in vehicles. Security glazing to be tested shall
provide a certain (higher) level of protection against vehicle intrusion than standard safety glazing.
This International Standard does not apply to conventional safety glazing material that meets the
requirements of international automotive glazing material standards similar, but not limited to ECE R43.
This International Standard’s goal is to quantify how much resistance can be provided by particular
system parts (security glazing with associated part of the car body) against rapid unauthorized entry
into vehicles. The test methods used have been designed more to simulate opportunist theft attacks
using simple implements, which could be easily carried about a person rather than by “calculated theft”
using specialist tools which a professional thief might use. That range of tools is limited to hand-held
and non-powered instruments that could physically provide access to a vehicle.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 513, Classification and application of hard cutting materials for metal removal with defined cutting
edges — Designation of the main groups and groups of application
ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 4130, Road vehicles — Three-dimensional reference system and fiducial marks — Definitions
EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels — Part 2: Numerical system
DIN 5131, Hatchets
DIN 7287, Steel axes and hatchets — Technical specifications
DIN 53479, Testing of Plastics and Elastomers; Determination of Density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
attack test
predetermined series of blows to a specific area of a system part (3.13) applied with well-defined
energy levels and a standardized tool (3.12)
3.2
blunt attack
attempt to break into a vehicle where the energy of attack is exerted onto the system part (3.13) by a
blunt or rounded impacting tool
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

3.3
cutting attack
attempt to break into a vehicle where the energy of attack is exerted onto the system part (3.13) by a
tool with a sharp cutting edge
3.4
displacement test
test to evaluate the level of retention of glazing within its frame or the associated car body using a
spherical-faced tool constantly moved against the inside centre of the glazing until a well-defined level
of force is reached
3.5
effective mass
mass of a freely moving implement that, driven by the same kinetic energy, would hit the system part
(3.13) with the same speed as the effective tool (3.6) implemented in the test apparatus
Note 1 to entry: Implements with the same effective mass and with same kinetic energy will develop same speed;
kinetic energy and speed are the fixed parameters to study interaction between standardized tool (3.12) and
system part. For technical reasons, additional construction elements are required moving with the standardized
tool affecting the relationship between kinetic energy and speed. A procedure is given to measure the effective
mass for a given design and facilitate countermeasures.
Note 2 to entry: The effective mass is calculated out of measurement results from a drop test using the effective
tool’s gravitational force, the stroke height, and the speed at the impact point (3.8) as shown in 5.2.
3.6
effective tool
mechanical unit consisting of the standardized tool and all moving parts attached to it
Note 1 to entry: During the entire test procedure, only the standardized tool (3.12) itself shall come into contact
with the system part (3.13).
3.7
forced entry testing
standardized test procedure in two parts (attack test (3.1) sequence with blunt tool and attack test
sequence with cutting tool) to assess the resistance of glazing within a given part of a car body
against forced entry
3.8
impact point
location on the standardized tool (3.12) at which first contact to the system part (3.13) is made during
the attack test (3.1)
3.9
level of attack resistance
measure in five discrete steps of the ability of a system part (3.13) to resist a forced entry of a certain
strength specified by the number of tool impacts, their energies, and forces for displacement
Note 1 to entry: For higher levels of attack resistance, a larger number of impacts as well as higher energies and
forces are required.
Note 2 to entry: If a system part passes the forced entry testing (3.7) as described, then the system part meets
the requirements of the specific level of attack resistance for which it was tested. If the results for the attack test
(3.1) sequences with cutting and blunt tool are different, the overall test evaluation will correspond to the lower
level of the two results.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

3.10
pointed attack
attempt to break into a vehicle where the energy of attack is exerted onto the system part (3.13) by
a pointed tool
Note 1 to entry: Pointed attack can cause the glazing to crack or to develop full, localized penetration of the glass
pane.
3.11
resistance to forced entry
ability of a glazing to resist the attempt to penetrate glazing using simple tools
Note 1 to entry: The strength of resistance will be quantified by use of distinct levels called levels of attack
resistance.
Note 2 to entry: This property is only appropriate for the system part (3.13) under test using standardized
conditions and does not take into account all aspects necessary to evaluate resistance to forced entry of a
complete vehicle. For example, location of glazing in the vehicle or strategy of the attack could affect this property
and are out of the scope of this International Standard.
3.12
standardized tool
testing device that simulates forced entry by cutting, pointed, and blunt attack (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Each device aims to represent a respective category of tools that could potentially be used for
forced entry into a vehicle.
3.13
system part
original security glazing and the associated part of the car body (e.g. the window pane and door of a
given vehicle)
3.14
test element
part of the attack test (3.1) sequence referring to an attack test using one of the standardized tools (3.12)
3.15
tool axis
construction line that passes through the tool’s impact point (3.8) and is in line with the direction of
movement immediately before it hits the system part (direction of action)
3.16
tool’s direction of action
direction in which the tool is moving immediately before it hits the system part (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: If the tool is following a circular path, the direction of action is the tangent to the circular path at
the impact point (3.8), immediately before tool applies force to the system part.
4 Principle
A wide range of attacks using various hand-held tools will be simulated by only two different test
procedures applied to the same kind of system part. The results of both tests will be taken to generate a
classification of resistance to forced entry by the use of levels of attack resistance.
Both test procedures, called “attack test sequence with blunt tool” and “attack sequence with cutting
tool” cover three test elements, each applied to the same kind of system part, representing all relevant
elements of a forced entry with handheld tools.
In a first step of an attack test sequence, the glazing is impacted by a pointed tool. This reflects the
attempt to destroy the integrity of the brittle glazing component(s) for a forced entry as a first step,
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

getting access to the vehicle straight away or weaken the system part for further attacks with cutting
or blunt tools to finally create a sufficient opening for access.
For the second step of an attack, test sequence attempts are made to create an opening in the glazing, or
between the glazing and the surrounding frame large enough to get access to the vehicle. This is done
by striking the glazing system part repeatedly using specific tools which represent groups of blunt
tools on one hand or cutting tools on the other hand.
If this does not provide the intended opening, the third step of the attack test sequence provides an
attempt to remove the remainder of the damaged glazing from the surrounding frame and to thereby
create an opening large enough to gain entry.
For a forced entry testing, both attack test sequences are required, consisting of three test elements
each (pointed attack, cutting attack, displacement for the first attack test sequence, and pointed attack,
blunt attack, displacement as the other attack test sequence).
5 Apparatus
5.1 Description of the apparatus
5.1.1 General
The forced entry testing for a system part consists of two attack test sequences (with blunt and
with cutting tool), each with three test elements (pointed attack, cutting or blunt attack, and a
displacement test). The three elements of each attack test sequence shall be performed one directly
after the other on the same system part, without any need for the part to be taken out of the support
frame (see 6.1) during test.
Attack tests are carried out using a mechanical apparatus. This apparatus has one degree of freedom
for movement and directs standardized tools, along a circular path with a minimum radius of 1 m and
at a well-defined energy, in such a way that the tool axis of the standardized tool is perpendicular to
the surface of the glazing at the impact point (see Figure 1). At the moment of impact, the tool axis and
impact point’s speed vector must be parallel. Construction elements that are fixed to the standardized
tool (effective tool) shall be designed in a way that the tool’s impact point makes the first contact to the
system part. The effective tool shall be designed in a way that distance between its centre of gravity
and the rotation axis is at least 0,7 times the distance between the rotation axis and the impact point.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 axis of rotation
2 travelling path of impact point
3 tool axis
4 system part
Figure 1 — Schematic representation of the effective tool
The position of the effective tool as shown in Figure 1 shall be the position at rest. The centre of
gravity shall be vertically and directly below the axis of rotation. Special measures to facilitate that
are not shown here.
Often, the level of energy for effective tool just driven by gravity is not enough to perform the test
according to this International Standard. An additional mechanism is therefore required to accelerate
the tool. Description of an apparatus to increase the tool’s energy is not given in this International
Standard and can be designed according to technical requirements as long as it meets this International
Standard’s requirements. In this respect, care shall be taken to ensure that the required level of energy
is achieved as the tool hits the glazing, and that thereafter, no additional energy is applied. The drive
unit delivering the energy must be mechanically disconnected from the effective tool before the tool
makes contact with the system part. When idle and disconnected from drive unit, the effective tool
shall come to rest and remain static at the intended point of contact with the system part. This shall
be the case if the rotation axis is vertical above the effective tool’s centre of gravity. There shall be a
possibility to adjust the point of contact as well as the orientation of the system part relative to the axis
and impact point of the idle standardized tool.
The required level of energy shall be evaluated by measuring the travelling speed of the standardized
tool’s impact point immediately before hitting the system part under test. Speed measurements must
be accurate to ±2 %. The standardized tool’s impact point must hit the intended position on the glazing
with an accuracy of ±5 mm.
The way in which security glazing is installed for test purpose shall match realistic conditions as closely
as possible. Glazing and the associated car body part (see 6.2), jointly referred to here as the “system
part,” are held by a support construction (described in 6.1) in a fixture.
The fixture shall be rigid in itself and shall be solidly fixed to a firm surface.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

The fixture for the system part includes an integrated spherical-faced tool that can be moved against
the inside of the glazing with well-defined travelling speed.
Key
1 rotation axis
2 effective tool
3 standardized tool
4 system part: Glazing with section of car body
5 support frame
6 displacement apparatus
Figure 2 — Schematic representation of how the test equipment is arranged
5.1.2 Tool for pointed attack
The effective tool is made up from the moving parts of the test apparatus and also from a tool adapter
and a fixing shaft for a hardened steel pin (see Annex B). The pin is pointed in a conical front end and is
at least 10 mm long (standardized tool, see Figure 3). The effective tool’s effective mass for the pointed
attack test is 3,5 kg ± 0,07 kg. The impact point is the pointed end of the hardened steel pin. The tool’s
axis is the pin’s symmetry axis. The tool adapter and the fixing shaft are specific to the individual
construction of each testing machine. They shall resist the forces generated during attack testing
without being damaged or deformed. They shall also ensure that during testing, no other parts of the
effective tool get in touch with the system part.
The steel pins are made of hardened steel type P20 according to ISO 513. They are 4 mm ± 0,05 mm in
diameter and at least 10 mm long. At least one end of such pins is ground into a cone shape at an angle
of 100° ± 5°.
The tool’s movement shall be restricted to ensure that the tip of the tool cannot penetrate deeper than
10 mm.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 tool axis
2 impact point
Figure 3 — Schematic representation of the standardized tool for pointed attack
5.1.3 Tool for blunt attack
The standardized tool used for a blunt attack (see Figure 4) consists of a cylindrical steel body with a
diameter of 75 mm ± 1 mm. It is at least 100 mm long and has a hemispherical end with a diameter of
75 mm ± 1 mm. It shall be made from steel 1.0060 according to EN 10027-2. Construction elements used
to guide the standardized tool shall be designed in such a way that they do not alter test results and
are able to resist forces generated during test without continuous deformation. In addition, during test,
they shall not get in touch with the system part, its support, or the fixture.
The impact point is the spot shown in Figure 4 in the middle of the hemispherical end of the tool. The
tool’s axis matches the symmetric axis of the standardized tool. Elements of the rig used for guiding the
tool (effective tool) shall be built in such a way that an effective mass of 3,5 kg ± 0,07 kg is produced.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 tool axis
2 impact point
Figure 4 — Schematic representation of the tool for simulating attack with a blunt instrument
5.1.4 Tool for cutting attack
The standardized tool for cutting attack (see Figure 5) consists of an axe head with a weight of 800 g
and conforms to German standard DIN 5131. The axe is used without shaft and is made of hardened
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 7

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 23013:2016(E)

steel conforming to DIN 7287, Güteklasse B (Beil 800 II DIN 5131-B). Construction elements used to
guide the standardized tool shall be designed in such a way that they do not alter test results and are
able to resist forces generated during test without continuous deformation. In addition, during test,
they shall not get in touch with the system part, its support, or the fixture.
The impact point and the tool’s axis are shown in Figure 5 (the impact point is the position designated
a in DIN 5131, and the tool axis runs t
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23013
ISO/TC 22/SC 35
Road vehicles — Determination
Secretariat: UNI
to forced entry of safety glass
Voting begins
on: 2015­09-15 constructions used in vehicle glazing
— Test of glazing systems
Voting terminates
on: 2015­11-15
Véhicules routiers — Détermination de la force d’intrusion des
constructions de vitres de sécurité utilisées dans les vitres de véhicules
— Essai des systèmes de vitres
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2015

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH­1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Description of the apparatus . 4
5.1.1 General. 4
5.1.2 Tool for pointed attack . 6
5.1.3 Tool for blunt attack . 7
5.1.4 Tool for cutting attack . 7
5.1.5 Tool for displacement test . 8
5.2 Checking the equipment .10
5.2.1 Determining the effective mass and checking the speed measuring apparatus .10
5.2.2 Pointed attack .11
5.2.3 Blunt attack .11
5.2.4 Cutting attack .11
5.2.5 Displacement test .11
6 Test pieces .12
6.1 Support frame for the system part.12
6.2 Associated sections of the car body .12
6.3 Security glazing .12
6.4 Number of panes of glazing .13
7 Test conditions .13
8 Test procedures .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Attack test sequence with blunt tool .14
8.2.1 General.14
8.2.2 Test element pointed attack .14
8.2.3 Test element blunt attack .14
8.2.4 Test element displacement .14
8.2.5 Test position and requirements for different levels of attack resistance .14
8.3 Attack test sequence with cutting tool .15
8.3.1 General.15
8.3.2 Test element pointed attack .16
8.3.3 Test element cutting attack .16
8.3.4 Test element displacement .16
8.3.5 Test position and requirements for different levels of attack resistance .16
9 Classification .18
10 Test report .18
11 Test certificate .19
Annex A (informative) Comments .20
Annex B (informative) Source of steel pin for the pointed attack tool .21
Bibliography .22
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 35, Lighting
and visibility.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

Introduction
The vast majority of potential attacks using hand-held implements can be narrowed down to two basic
types of attack: attack with a sharp instrument and attack with a blunt instrument. Such attacks are
reproduced by these procedures using standardized tests. The levels of energy/force used in the tests
are designed to reflect strength of attack that is within the limits of human capability.
As the construction of the window frame plays a particularly important role in providing resistance to
forced entry, any glazing requiring classification approval by this International Standard needs to be
tested within its own original car body section, e.g. its own door assembly.
By defining performance levels of attack resistance, it is possible to classify the intruder resistance
properties of a given glazing within a system part.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)
Road vehicles — Determination to forced entry of safety
glass constructions used in vehicle glazing — Test of
glazing systems
1 Scope
This International Standard provides test procedures that are designed to assess levels of resistance
to forced entry provided by security glazing used in vehicles. Security glazing to be tested shall
provide a certain (higher) level of protection against vehicle intrusion than standard safety glazing.
This International Standard does not apply to conventional safety glazing material that meets the
requirements of international automotive glazing material standards similar, but not limited to ECE R43.
This International Standard’s goal is to quantify how much resistance can be provided by particular
system parts (security glazing with associated part of the car body) against rapid unauthorized entry
into vehicles. The test methods used have been designed more to simulate opportunist theft attacks
using simple implements, which could be easily carried about a person rather than by “calculated theft”
using specialist tools which a professional thief might use. That range of tools is limited to hand­held
and non-powered instruments that could physically provide access to a vehicle.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 513, Classification and application of hard cutting materials for metal removal with defined cutting
edges — Designation of the main groups and groups of application
ISO 527­2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 4130, Road vehicles — Three-dimensional reference system and fiducial marks — Definitions
EN 10027­2, Designation systems for steels — Part 2: Numerical system
DIN 5131, Hatchets
DIN 7287, Steel axes and hatchets — Technical specifications
DIN 53479, Testing of Plastics and Elastomers; Determination of Density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
attack test
predetermined series of blows to a specific area of a system part (3.13) applied with well-defined
energy levels and a standardized tool (3.12)
3.2
blunt attack
attempt to break into a vehicle where the energy of attack is exerted onto the system part (3.13) by a
blunt or rounded impacting tool
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

3.3
cutting attack
attempt to break into a vehicle where the energy of attack is exerted onto the system part (3.13) by a
tool with a sharp cutting edge
3.4
displacement test
test to evaluate the level of retention of glazing within its frame or the associated car body using a
spherical-faced tool constantly moved against the inside centre of the glazing until a well-defined level
of force is reached
3.5
effective mass
mass of a freely moving implement that, driven by the same kinetic energy, would hit the system part
(3.13) with the same speed as the effective tool (3.6) implemented in the test apparatus
Note 1 to entry: Implements with the same effective mass and with same kinetic energy will develop same speed;
kinetic energy and speed are the fixed parameters to study interaction between standardized tool (3.12) and
system part. For technical reasons, additional construction elements are required moving with the standardized
tool affecting the relationship between kinetic energy and speed. A procedure is given to measure the effective
mass for a given design and facilitate countermeasures.
Note 2 to entry: The effective mass is calculated out of measurement results from a drop test using the effective
tool’s gravitational force, the stroke height, and the speed at the impact point (3.8) as shown in 5.2.
3.6
effective tool
mechanical unit consisting of the standardized tool and all moving parts attached to it
Note 1 to entry: During the entire test procedure, only the standardized tool (3.12) itself shall come into contact
with the system part (3.13).
3.7
forced entry testing
standardized test procedure in two parts (attack test (3.1) sequence with blunt tool and attack test
sequence with cutting tool) to assess the resistance of glazing within a given part of a car body
against forced entry
3.8
impact point
location on the standardized tool (3.12) at which first contact to the system part (3.13) is made during
the attack test (3.1)
3.9
level of attack resistance
measure in five discrete steps of the ability of a system part (3.13) to resist a forced entry of a certain
strength specified by the number of tool impacts, their energies, and forces for displacement
Note 1 to entry: For higher levels of attack resistance, a larger number of impacts as well as higher energies and
forces are required.
Note 2 to entry: If a system part passes the forced entry testing (3.7) as described, then the system part meets
the requirements of the specific level of attack resistance for which it was tested. If the results for the attack test
(3.1) sequences with cutting and blunt tool are different, the overall test evaluation will correspond to the lower
level of the two results.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

3.10
pointed attack
attempt to break into a vehicle where the energy of attack is exerted onto the system part (3.13) by
a pointed tool
Note 1 to entry: Pointed attack can cause the glazing to crack or to develop full, localized penetration of the glass
pane.
3.11
resistance to forced entry
ability of a glazing to resist the attempt to penetrate glazing using simple tools
Note 1 to entry: The strength of resistance will be quantified by use of distinct levels called levels of attack
resistance.
Note 2 to entry: This property is only appropriate for the system part (3.13) under test using standardized
conditions and does not take into account all aspects necessary to evaluate resistance to forced entry of a
complete vehicle. For example, location of glazing in the vehicle or strategy of the attack could affect this property
and are out of the scope of this International Standard.
3.12
standardized tool
testing device that simulates forced entry by cutting, pointed, and blunt attack (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Each device aims to represent a respective category of tools that could potentially be used for
forced entry into a vehicle.
3.13
system part
original security glazing and the associated part of the car body (e.g. the window pane and door of a
given vehicle)
3.14
test element
part of the attack test (3.1) sequence referring to an attack test using one of the standardized tools (3.12)
3.15
tool axis
construction line that passes through the tool’s impact point (3.8) and is in line with the direction of
movement immediately before it hits the system part (direction of action)
3.16
tool’s direction of action
direction in which the tool is moving immediately before it hits the system part (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: If the tool is following a circular path, the direction of action is the tangent to the circular path at
the impact point (3.8), immediately before tool applies force to the system part.
4 Principle
A wide range of attacks using various hand-held tools will be simulated by only two different test
procedures applied to the same kind of system part. The results of both tests will be taken to generate a
classification of resistance to forced entry by the use of levels of attack resistance.
Both test procedures, called “attack test sequence with blunt tool” and “attack sequence with cutting
tool” cover three test elements, each applied to the same kind of system part, representing all relevant
elements of a forced entry with handheld tools.
In a first step of an attack test sequence, the glazing is impacted by a pointed tool. This reflects the
attempt to destroy the integrity of the brittle glazing component(s) for a forced entry as a first step,
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

getting access to the vehicle straight away or weaken the system part for further attacks with cutting
or blunt tools to finally create a sufficient opening for access.
For the second step of an attack, test sequence attempts are made to create an opening in the glazing, or
between the glazing and the surrounding frame large enough to get access to the vehicle. This is done
by striking the glazing system part repeatedly using specific tools which represent groups of blunt
tools on one hand or cutting tools on the other hand.
If this does not provide the intended opening, the third step of the attack test sequence provides an
attempt to remove the remainder of the damaged glazing from the surrounding frame and to thereby
create an opening large enough to gain entry.
For a forced entry testing, both attack test sequences are required, consisting of three test elements
each (pointed attack, cutting attack, displacement for the first attack test sequence, and pointed attack,
blunt attack, displacement as the other attack test sequence).
5 Apparatus
5.1 Description of the apparatus
5.1.1 General
The forced entry testing for a system part consists of two attack test sequences (with blunt and
with cutting tool), each with three test elements (pointed attack, cutting or blunt attack, and a
displacement test). The three elements of each attack test sequence shall be performed one directly
after the other on the same system part, without any need for the part to be taken out of the support
frame (see 6.1) during test.
Attack tests are carried out using a mechanical apparatus. This apparatus has one degree of freedom
for movement and directs standardized tools, along a circular path with a minimum radius of 1 m and
at a well-defined energy, in such a way that the tool axis of the standardized tool is perpendicular to
the surface of the glazing at the impact point (see Figure 1). At the moment of impact, the tool axis and
impact point’s speed vector must be parallel. Construction elements that are fixed to the standardized
tool (effective tool) shall be designed in a way that the tool’s impact point makes the first contact to the
system part. The effective tool shall be designed in a way that distance between its centre of gravity
and the rotation axis is at least 0,7 times the distance between the rotation axis and the impact point.
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 axis of rotation
2 travelling path of impact point
3 tool axis
4 system part
Figure 1 — Schematic representation of the effective tool
The position of the effective tool as shown in Figure 1 shall be the position at rest. The centre of
gravity shall be vertically and directly below the axis of rotation. Special measures to facilitate that
are not shown here.
Often, the level of energy for effective tool just driven by gravity is not enough to perform the test
according to this International Standard. An additional mechanism is therefore required to accelerate
the tool. Description of an apparatus to increase the tool’s energy is not given in this International
Standard and can be designed according to technical requirements as long as it meets this International
Standard’s requirements. In this respect, care shall be taken to ensure that the required level of energy
is achieved as the tool hits the glazing, and that thereafter, no additional energy is applied. The drive
unit delivering the energy must be mechanically disconnected from the effective tool before the tool
makes contact with the system part. When idle and disconnected from drive unit, the effective tool
shall come to rest and remain static at the intended point of contact with the system part. This shall
be the case if the rotation axis is vertical above the effective tool’s centre of gravity. There shall be a
possibility to adjust the point of contact as well as the orientation of the system part relative to the axis
and impact point of the idle standardized tool.
The required level of energy shall be evaluated by measuring the travelling speed of the standardized
tool’s impact point immediately before hitting the system part under test. Speed measurements must
be accurate to ±2 %. The standardized tool’s impact point must hit the intended position on the glazing
with an accuracy of ±5 mm.
The way in which security glazing is installed for test purpose shall match realistic conditions as closely
as possible. Glazing and the associated car body part (see 6.2), jointly referred to here as the “system
part,” are held by a support construction (described in 6.1) in a fixture.
The fixture shall be rigid in itself and shall be solidly fixed to a firm surface.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

The fixture for the system part includes an integrated spherical-faced tool that can be moved against
the inside of the glazing with well-defined travelling speed.
Key
1 rotation axis
2 effective tool
3 standardized tool
4 system part: Glazing with section of car body
5 support frame
6 displacement apparatus
Figure 2 — Schematic representation of how the test equipment is arranged
5.1.2 Tool for pointed attack
The effective tool is made up from the moving parts of the test apparatus and also from a tool adapter
and a fixing shaft for a hardened steel pin (see Annex B). The pin is pointed in a conical front end and is
at least 10 mm long (standardized tool, see Figure 3). The effective tool’s effective mass for the pointed
attack test is 3,5 kg ± 0,07 kg. The impact point is the pointed end of the hardened steel pin. The tool’s
axis is the pin’s symmetry axis. The tool adapter and the fixing shaft are specific to the individual
construction of each testing machine. They shall resist the forces generated during attack testing
without being damaged or deformed. They shall also ensure that during testing, no other parts of the
effective tool get in touch with the system part.
The steel pins are made of hardened steel type P20 according to ISO 513. They are 4 mm ± 0,05 mm in
diameter and at least 10 mm long. At least one end of such pins is ground into a cone shape at an angle
of 100° ± 5°.
The tool’s movement shall be restricted to ensure that the tip of the tool cannot penetrate deeper than
10 mm.
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23013:2015(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 tool axis
2 impact point
Figure 3 — Schematic representation of the standardized tool for pointed attack
5.1.3 Tool for blunt attack
The standardized tool used for a blunt attack (see Figure 4) consists of a cylindrical steel body with a
diameter of 75 mm ± 1 mm. It is at least 100 mm long and has a hemispherical end with a diameter of
75 mm ± 1 mm. It shall be made from steel 1.0060 according to EN 10027­2. Construction elements used
to guide the standardized tool shall be designed in such a way that they do not alter test results and
are able to resist forces generated during test without continuous deformation. In addition, during test,
they shall not get in touch with the system part, its support, or the fixture.
The impact point is the spot shown in Figure 4 in the middle of the hemispherical end of the tool. The
tool’s axis matches the symmetric axis of the standardized tool. Elements of the rig used for guiding the
tool (effective tool) shall be built in such a way that an effective mass of 3,5 kg ± 0,07 kg is produced.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 tool axis
2 impact point
Figure 4 — Schematic representation of the tool for simulating attack with a blunt instrument
5.1.4 Tool for cutting attack
The standardized tool for cutting attack (see Figure 5) consists of an axe head with a weight of 800 g
and conforms to German standard DIN 5131. The axe is used without shaft and is made of hardened
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 7

-------------------
...