ISO/TS 20477

Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary for cellulose nanomaterial

ISO/TS 20477:2017 defines terms and definitions for different types of cellulose nanomaterials including secondary components found in cellulose nanomaterials due to their manufacturing processes. The document also gives information on cellulose micromaterials in Annex A. Where necessary, terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 vocabulary series are included in this document. Terms in this document are applicable to all types of cellulose nanomaterials regardless of production methods and their origin (plants, animals, algae or bacteria).

Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire pour les nanomatériaux à base de cellulose

L'ISO 20477 :2017 présente les termes et définitions relatifs à différents types de nanomatériaux à base de cellulose, y compris les composants secondaires résultant des processus de fabrication de ces nanomatériaux. Il donne également des informations sur les micromatériaux à base de cellulose décrits dans l'Annexe A. Lorsque nécessaire, les termes de vocabulaire définis dans la série de normes ISO/IEC 80004 sont inclus dans le présent document. Les termes contenus dans ce document sont applicables à tous les types de nanomatériaux à base de cellulose, quelles que soient leurs méthodes de production et leur origine (plantes, animaux, algues ou bactéries).

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.120 - Nanotechnologies
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 229 - Nanotechnologies
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 229 - Nanotechnologies
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 18-Mar-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO/TS 20477:2017 - Nanotechnologies — Standard terms and their definition for cellulose nanomaterial
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
ISO/TC 229
2022-08-11
ISO/DTS 20477(E)
Secretariat: BSI
Nanotechnologies — Standard terms and their definitionVocabulary for
cellulose nanomaterial
Termes normalisés et leur définitionNanotechnologies — Vocabulaire pour les
nanomatériaux à base de cellulose
Second edition
2023-01-05
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no

part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without

prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or

ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................... iii

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... iv

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Core nanotechnology terms related to cellulose nanomaterials ................................................... 1

3.2 Prerequisite non-nanotechnology terms related to cellulose nanomaterials .......................... 2

3.3 Terms specific to cellulose nanomaterials ............................................................................................. 3

Annex A (informative) Images of cellulose nanomaterials ............................................................................ 5

Annex B (informative) Cellulose micromaterials .............................................................................................. 6

Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Index
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation onof the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlthe following URL: .
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 20477:2017,), which has been

technically revised.
The main changes compared with the previous edition are as follows:
— revision of — some existing definitions have been revised;
— introduction of — new terms and definitions have been introduced;

— introduction of — micrographic images of cellulose nanomaterials in support ofhave been introduced

to illustrate some definitionsof the defined terms.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww .iso .org/ members

.html..
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Introduction

Cellulose is a polymer produced in nature. In plants, animals, algae and bacteria, cellulose is extruded

from terminal enzyme complexes (TC). TCs are made up of many identical subunits, each containing at

least one catalytic site from which a single cellulose chain is synthesized. Cellulose chains from a single

TC combine to form an elementary fibril. As TCs in plants, animals, algae, and bacteria have different

[1]

numbers and configurations of subunits, the elementary fibrils they produce have different geometries.

Whether cellulose nanomaterials are separated by industrial processes or produced directly by

organisms, they all contain a common structural component, which is the elementary fibril. This common

component, the elementary fibril, provides a way to describe cellulose nanomaterials from all

manufacturing methods and cellulose sources.

Cellulose nanomaterials can be manufactured industrially by conversion of wood pulp through chemical,

biological or mechanical processes. Bacterium-based cellulose nanomaterials are produced directly by

bacteria and can be further acid-hydrolysed to smaller dimensions. Besides trees and bacteria, algae are

another potential source of cellulose nanomaterials for industrial applications. Owing to their unique

properties and renewable nature, cellulose nanomaterials have developed into platform materials that

have application potential in a wide range of products including those that currently utilize petroleum-

based ingredients.

At the current stage of development, several terms to describe cellulose nanomaterials coexist and have

created confusion among users. The difficulty of measuring sizes in the low micrometre and nanometre

scale has given rise to confusion in the classification materials, particularly for the fibrillate materials.

Rather than delaying standards development until knowledge accumulated with research advancement

and market maturity, we havethere is an opportunity to define a standard vocabulary for cellulose

nanomaterials, and for clarity, describe micro-scale cellulose materials, as given in Annex B of this

document. . Although terms in the ISO/IEC 80004 series were not developed for specific types of

nanomaterials such as cellulose nanomaterials, to be consistent with existing ISO/TC 229 hierarchy, this

document will utilizeutilizes terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 series. It is anticipated that as the market for

cellulose nanomaterials matures, so too will the standard vocabulary. Beginning to define a standard

vocabulary now will facilitate future communication, eliminate confusion, remove trade barriers, and

provide policy makers and regulators with a set of consensus-based terms.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Nanotechnologies — Standard terms and their
definitionVocabulary for cellulose nanomaterial
1 Scope

This document defines terms and definitions for different types of cellulose nanomaterials including

secondary components found in cellulose nanomaterials originating from their manufacturing processes.

This document also provides information on cellulose micromaterials in Annex A.

Where necessary, terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 vocabulary series are included in this document. Terms

in this document are applicable to all types of cellulose nanomaterials, regardless of production methods

and their origin (plants, animals, algae, or bacteria).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following

addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Core nanotechnology terms related to cellulose nanomaterials
3.1.1
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm

Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are predominantly exhibited in this

length range.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004--1:2015, 2.1]
3.1.2
nanomaterial

material with any external dimension in the nanoscale (3.1.1) or having internal structure or surface

structure in the nanoscale

Note 1 to entry: This generic term is inclusive of nano-object (3.1.3) and nanostructured material (3.1.5).

Note 2 to entry: See also definitions of engineered nanomaterial, manufactured nanomaterial, and incidental

nanomaterial in ISO/TS 80004--1:2015.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004--1:2015, 2.4], modified — Note 2 to entry has been added.]
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
3.1.3
nano-object

discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (3.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each

other.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004--1:2015, 2.5]
3.1.4
nanostructure
composition of inter-related constituent parts in whic
...

FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTS
DRAFT
SPECIFICATION 20477
ISO/TC 229
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary for
Secretariat: BSI
cellulose nanomaterial
Voting begins on:
2023-01-20
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire pour les nanomatériaux à base de
cellulose
Voting terminates on:
2023-03-17
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTS
DRAFT
SPECIFICATION 20477
ISO/TC 229
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary for
Secretariat: BSI
cellulose nanomaterial
Voting begins on:
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire pour les nanomatériaux à base de
cellulose
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Core nanotechnology terms related to cellulose nanomaterials ............................................................... 1

3.2 Prerequisite non-nanotechnology terms related to cellulose nanomaterials ............................... 2

3.3 Terms related specifically to cellulose nanomaterials ....................................................................................... 3

Annex A (informative) Images of cellulose nanomaterials .......................................................................................................... 5

Annex B (informative) Cellulose micromaterials .................................................................................................................................. 7

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 20477:2017), which has been

technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— some existing definitions have been revised;
— new terms and definitions have been introduced;

— micrographic images of cellulose nanomaterials have been introduced to illustrate some of the

defined terms.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Introduction

Cellulose is a polymer produced in nature. In plants, animals, algae and bacteria, cellulose is extruded

from terminal enzyme complexes (TC). TCs are made up of many identical subunits, each containing at

least one catalytic site from which a single cellulose chain is synthesized. Cellulose chains from a single

TC combine to form an elementary fibril. As TCs in plants, animals, algae and bacteria have different

numbers and configurations of subunits, the elementary fibrils they produce have different geometries.

[1]

Whether cellulose nanomaterials are separated by industrial processes or produced directly by

organisms, they all contain a common structural component, which is the elementary fibril. This

common component, the elementary fibril, provides a way to describe cellulose nanomaterials from all

manufacturing methods and cellulose sources.

Cellulose nanomaterials can be manufactured industrially by conversion of wood pulp through chemical,

biological or mechanical processes. Bacterium-based cellulose nanomaterials are produced directly by

bacteria and can be further acid-hydrolysed to smaller dimensions. Besides trees and bacteria, algae are

another potential source of cellulose nanomaterials for industrial applications. Owing to their unique

properties and renewable nature, cellulose nanomaterials have developed into platform materials that

have application potential in a wide range of products including those that currently utilize petroleum-

based ingredients.

At the current stage of development, several terms to describe cellulose nanomaterials coexist and

have created confusion among users. The difficulty of measuring sizes in the low micrometre and

nanometre scale has given rise to confusion in the classification materials, particularly for the fibrillate

materials. Rather than delaying standards development until knowledge accumulated with research

advancement and market maturity, there is an opportunity to define a standard vocabulary for cellulose

nanomaterials, and for clarity, describe micro-scale cellulose materials, as given in Annex B. Although

terms in the ISO/IEC 80004 series were not developed for specific types of nanomaterials such as

cellulose nanomaterials, to be consistent with existing ISO/TC 229 hierarchy, this document utilizes

terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 series. It is anticipated that as the market for cellulose nanomaterials

matures, so too will the standard vocabulary. Beginning to define a standard vocabulary now will

facilitate future communication, eliminate confusion, remove trade barriers, and provide policy makers

and regulators with a set of consensus­based terms.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/DTS 20477:2023(E)
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary for cellulose nanomaterial
1 Scope

This document defines terms and definitions for different types of cellulose nanomaterials including

secondary components found in cellulose nanomaterials originating from their manufacturing

processes. This document also provides information on cellulose micromaterials in Annex A.

Where necessary, terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 series are included in this document. Terms in this

document are applicable to all types of cellulose nanomaterials, regardless of production methods and

their origin (plants, animals, algae or bacteria).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Core nanotechnology terms related to cellulose nanomaterials
3.1.1
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100
...