SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
(Main)Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
This European Standard specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies. The procedures for dynamic stiffness cover low and high frequencies.
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der Steifigkeiten
Dieser Teil der Europäischen Norm legt Labor-Prüfverfahren fest für die statische und dynamische
Bestimmung der Steifigkeit von Zwischenlagen/Zwischenplatten, Zwischenplatten und vollständigen
Schienenbefestigungssystemen. Die Verfahren für dynamische Steifigkeiten beziehen sich auf niedrige und
hohe Frequenzen.
Applications ferroviaires - Voies - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 9: Détermination de la raideur
La présente partie de la Norme européenne spécifie les modes opératoires des essais en laboratoire dont l'objectif
est de déterminer la raideur statique et dynamique des semelles sous rail, des semelles sous selle ainsi que des
ensembles de fixation complets. Les modes opératoires relatifs à la raideur dynamique englobent les hautes et
basses fréquences.
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Preskušanje pritrdilnih sistemov - 9. del: Ugotavljanje togosti
Ta evropski standard določa laboratorijske preskusne postopke za ugotavljanje statične in dinamične togosti podložnih plošč, osnovnih plošč in celotnega sestava pritrditve tira. Postopki za dinamično togost zajemajo nizke in visoke frekvence.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Preskušanje pritrdilnih sistemov - 9. del: Ugotavljanje togostiBahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der SteifigkeitenApplications ferroviaires - Voies - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 9: Détermination de la raideurRailway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness93.100Gradnja železnicConstruction of railwaysICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012en,fr,de01-januar-2012SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13146-9:2009+A1
October 2011 ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-9:2009English Version
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 9: Détermination de la raideur Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der Steifigkeiten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 October 2009 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 September 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011: ESIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3Introduction . 41 Scope. 52 Normative references . 53 Terms and definitions . 54 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 65 Verification of calibration . 86 Test procedures for pads . 86.1 Static test procedure for pads . 86.1.1 Principle . 86.1.2 Apparatus . 86.1.3 Procedure . 96.1.4 Test report . 106.2 Dynamic low frequency test procedure for pads . 116.2.1 General . 116.2.2 Principle . 116.2.3 Apparatus . 116.2.4 Procedure . 126.2.5 Test report . 126.3 Dynamic high frequency test procedure for pads . 137 Test procedures for complete rail fastening assemblies . 137.1 Static test procedure for fastening assemblies . 137.1.1 Principle . 137.1.2 Apparatus . 137.1.3 Test specimens . 147.1.4 Procedure . 147.1.5 Test report . 147.2 Dynamic low frequency test for fastening assemblies . 157.2.1 General . 157.2.2 Principle . 157.2.3 Apparatus . 157.2.4 Procedure . 167.2.5 Test report . 167.3 Dynamic high frequency test for assemblies . 177.3.1 Principle . 177.3.2 Apparatus . 177.3.3 Test specimen . 207.3.4 Test procedure . 207.3.5 Test report . 24Annex A (informative)
Determination of the dynamic high frequency stiffness of pads . 25A.1 General . 25A.2 Principle . 25Bibliography . 26 SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06. This document supersedes EN 13146-9:2009. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard is one of the series EN 13146, Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems as listed below: Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads Part 4: Effect of repeated loading Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions Part 7: Determination of clamping force Part 8: In-service testing Part 9: Determination of stiffness These support the requirements in the series EN 13481, Railway applications — Track — Performance requirements for fastening systems — Parts 1 to 8. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This part of EN 13146 brings together test methods for measuring the stiffness of pads and fastening assemblies under static, low frequency and high frequency dynamic loading. For measurements at high frequency, the corrected driving point method has been included although it is only valid up to 120 Hz whilst the direct and indirect methods are valid up to 400 Hz. Only a few test laboratories have the equipment and the experience necessary to perform the indirect and direct methods. More laboratories should be able to perform the corrected driving point method and for some purposes, measurements up to 120 Hz are adequate. No method for testing at acoustic frequencies is included. The procedure in EN 15461, which involves testing a length of track incorporating the fastening assemblies under test can be used. SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies. The procedures for dynamic stiffness cover low and high frequencies. 2 Normative references The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13146-4, Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems — Part 4: Effect of repeated loading EN 13481 (all parts), Railway applications — Track — Performance requirements for fastening systems EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO 9513:2002, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing (ISO 9513:1999) EN ISO 10846-1:2008, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 1: Principles and guidelines (ISO 10846-1:2008) EN ISO 10846-2, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 2: Direct method for determination of the dynamic stiffness of resilient supports for translatory motion (ISO 10846-2:2008) EN ISO 10846-3, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 3: Indirect method for determination of the dynamic stiffness of resilient supports for translatory motion (ISO 10846-3:2002) EN ISO 10846-5, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 5: Driving point method for determination of the low-frequency transfer stiffness of resilient supports for translatory motion (ISO 10846-5:2008) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2002 and EN ISO 10846-1:2008 apply. SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 6 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Relevant subclause FSPmax force applied to pad in measurement of static stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.1.3 FSP1 notional fastening clip force assumed for measurement of static stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.1.3 FSP2 0,8 FSPmax, in kN; 6.1.3 kSP static stiffness of pad, in MN/m; 6.1.3 dSP mean vertical displacement of pad, in mm; 6.1.3 FLFPmax reference force for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.2.4 FLFP1 notional fastening clip force assumed for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.2.4 FLFP2 0,8 FLFPmax, in kN; 6.2.4 dLFP displacement of pad in measurement of low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad, in mm; 6.2.4 fLFP frequency of measurement of low frequency measurement dynamic stiffness of pad, in Hz; 6.2.4 kLFPf low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad at a specific frequency, in MN/m; 6.2.4 kLFPmean mean of measurements of low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad measured at 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 20 Hz, in MN/m; 6.2.4 FSAmax force applied to assembly in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.1.4 kSA static stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.1.4 dSA mean displacement of rail in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in mm; 7.1.4 FSA1 minimum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.1.4 FSA2 maximum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of assembly !0,8FSAmax", in kN; 7.1.4 kLFA low frequency dynamic stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.2.4 FLFA1 minimum force applied in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.2.4 FLFA2 maximum force applied in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly = 0,8 FLFAmax, in kN; 7.2.4 SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 7 FLFAmax reference force for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.2.4 dLFA1 displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly for force FLFA1, in mm; 7.2.4 dLFA2 displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly for force FLFA2, in mm; 7.2.4 FHFAmax static preload applied in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.3.4.3 aHFAD1 excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in m/s2; 7.3.4.3 aHFAD2 acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in m/s2; 7.3.4.3 aHFAI2 output acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by the indirect method, in m/s²; 7.3.4.4 FHFAD2 force on the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N; 7.3.4.3 fHFAD frequency in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in Hz; 7.3.4.3 j √-1 7.3.4.3 LHFADk transfer stiffness level in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in dB re 1 N/m; 7.3.4.3 mHFAD mass of the measuring platform and any parts of the fastening assembly below the resilient element, in kg; 7.3.4.3 kHFAD transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N/m; 7.3.4.3 kHFADc corrected transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N/m; 7.3.4.3 νHFAD1 excitation velocity = HFAD1HFADajϖ, in m/s; 7.3.4.3 ωHFAD angular frequency = 2π fHFAD, in rad/s; 7.3.4.3 FHFAI2 force on the measuring platform of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N; 7.3.4.4 kHFAI transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by the indirect method, in N/m; 7.3.4.4 ωHFAI angular frequency = 2π fHFAI, in rad/s; 7.3.4.4 aHFAI1 excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by the indirect method, in m/s2; 7.3.4.4 SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 8 aHFAP1 excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in m/s2; 7.3.4.5 aHFAPc correction acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in m/s2; 7.3.4.5 FHFAP1 dynamic input force in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in N; 7.3.4.5 FHFAPc dynamic input force without the rail fastening assembly in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by point method, in N; 7.3.4.5 LHFAPk point stiffness level, in dB re 1 N/m; 7.3.4.5 kHFAPc corrected point stiffness, in N/m. 7.3.4.5
5 Verification of calibration The static calibration of actuators shall be verified in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1 using equipment having traceability to European or International Standards using the International System of Units (SI). The calibration of displacement measuring instruments with contact shall be in accordance with EN ISO 9513. 6 Test procedures for pads 6.1 Static test procedure for pads 6.1.1 Principle A force is applied normal to the test pad and the displacement is measured. 6.1.2 Apparatus 6.1.2.1 Controlled temperature test area The area of the laboratory where the test is conducted, maintained at (23 ± 5) °C. Where pads are to be used at other ambient temperatures additional tests shall be performed, if required by the purchaser, at one or more of the following temperatures: (- 20 ± 3) °C, (- 10 ± 3) °C, (0 ± 3) °C and (50 ± 3) °C The additional test temperatures shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 6.1.2.2 Metal plate A rigid metal plate at least as wide as the foot of the rail used for repeated loading according to
EN 13146-4 and length at least 210 mm. SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 9 6.1.2.3 Load distribution plates A rectangular upper load distribution plate made from metal 10 mm minimum thickness, with smooth, rounded edges. The dimensions of the plate depend on the type of pad being tested as follows: For rail pads – the same width as the foot of the rail used for the repeated loading test (EN 13146-4) and a length of 210 mm; For baseplate pads – the same width and length as the maximum rectangular area within the part of the baseplate transmitting the load to the pad in the fastening assembly. When the pad is supported in use over a limited area a lower load distribution plate, equal in dimensions to the support area, is also required. NOTE For tests on continuous pads used in slab track a length of pad of 150 mm is used. 6.1.2.4 Abrasive cloth Sheets of abrasive cloth P180 to P400 in unworn condition. Each sheet being not less than the full area of the pad to be tested. 6.1.2.5 Actuator Actuator capable of applying a force of (FSPmax + 10 %) kN. NOTE Typically the maximum force is 120 kN. 6.1.2.6 Displacement measuring instruments Contact instruments complying with EN ISO 9513:2002, Table 2, Class 2. When non-contact instruments are used they shall be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of measurement complies with the following requirements. The instruments shall be capable of measuring the vertical displacement of the surface of the test pad as follows: For pads with a declared stiffness ≤ 100 MN/m displacement measurement within ± 0,02 mm; For pads with a declared stiffness > 100 MN/m displacement measurement within ± 0,01 mm. 6.1.2.7 Force measuring instruments Instruments complying with EN ISO 7500-1, Class 1 over the required range of force. 6.1.2.8 Recording equipment Equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the displacement and applied force. 6.1.3 Procedure All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid, horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the following sequence: base, lower load distribution plate (if necessary), abrasive cloth (abrasive side up), pad, abrasive cloth (abrasive side down), upper load distribution plate, metal plate as shown in Figure 1. SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 10 Ensure the load distribution plates are located on the active area of the pad. Locate at least three independent instruments to measure the displacement of the metal plate at equal intervals around the perimeter of the plate. Apply a force of FSPmax, through a spherical seating in the actuator, as specified in the relevant part of EN 13481 series for the type of track for which the pad is intended. Then reduce the force to the notional fastening assembly clip force (FSP1) and repeat this cycle of loading and unloading twice more with a rate of force application (120 ± 10) kN/min. Maintain the applied force FSP1, then record the displacement whilst increasing the applied force to FSP2, which is 0,8 FSPmax kN. If the displacement measured by any of the instruments differs from the average displacement by ≥ 20 % of the maximum displacement, repeat the loading cycle ensuring that the force is applied centrally to the pad. Calculate the static stiffness from Equation (1) where dSP is the average displacement in millimetres when the applied force is increased from FSP1 kN to FSP2 kN. !MN/mSPSP1SP2SPdFFk−="
(1)
312465 Key 1 metal plate 2 upper load distribution plate 3 pad to be tested 4 abrasive cloth 5 lower load distribution plate (if necessary) 6 base Figure 1 — Test arrangement for rail pads 6.1.4 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) number, title and date of this European Standard; b) name and address of the laboratory performing the test; SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 11 c) date test performed; d) name, designation and description of the pads tested; e) origin of the test specimens; f) intended use of the pads tested; g) configuration of the load distribution plates used in the test; h) temperature at which the test was performed; i) load deflection curve or curves; j) values of FSP1 and FSP2; k) static stiffness of the pads tested. NOTE If the test is made at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each test temperature. 6.2 Dynamic low frequency test procedure for pads 6.2.1 General This method is valid for frequencies in the range 3 Hz to 30 Hz. 6.2.2 Principle A cyclic force is applied, normal to the test pad, through an actuator at a single specified frequency or, if a general value of low frequency dynamic stiffness is required, at three constant frequencies. The resulting maximum and minimum displacements of the surface of the pad are measured at the maximum and minimum forces. 6.2.3 Apparatus 6.2.3.1 General The following equipment used for the static test is also used in this test: a) controlled temperature test area (6.1.2.1); b) metal plate (6.1.2.2) and load distribution plate (6.1.2.3); c) abrasive cloth (6.1.2.4). 6.2.3.2 Actuator Actuator capable of applying a force of up to (FLFPmax + 10 %) kN at the required test frequencies. 6.2.3.3 Displacement measuring instruments In accordance with 6.1.2.6. SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 12 6.2.3.4 Force measuring instruments Instruments complying with EN ISO 7500-1, Class 1 over the required range of force and capable of measurement at a minimum of 20 samples per cycle. 6.2.3.5 Recording equipment Equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the displacement and applied force at the required test frequencies with a sampling frequency of at least 20 times the loading frequency. 6.2.4 Procedure All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid, horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the following sequence: base, lower load distribution plate (if necessary), abrasive cloth (abrasive side up), pad, abrasive cloth (abrasive side down), upper load distribution plate, metal plate as shown in Figure 1. Ensure the load distribution plates are located on the active area of the pad. Locate at least three independent instruments to measure the displacement of the metal plate at equal intervals around the perimeter of the plate. Obtain the specified value of FLFPmax from the relevant part of the EN 13481 series and apply a cyclic force of FLFP1 kN to FLFP2 kN, where FLFP2 = 0,8 FLFPmax for 10 s at the required test frequency ± 1 Hz. If no test frequency is defined, the test shall be carried out at the following frequencies: a) (5 ± 1) Hz; b) (10 ± 1) Hz; c) (20 ± 1) Hz. After 10 s, at each frequency, record the applied load and the metal plate displacement at a minimum of 20 samples per cycle for at least ten cycles and calculate the average displacement dLFP at each frequency. If the displacement measured by any of the three instruments differs from the average displacement by ≥ 20 % repeat the loading cycle ensuring that the force is applied centrally to the pad. Calculate the dynamic stiffness at each frequency using Equation (2). !MN/m LFPLFP1LFP2LFPfdFFk−="
(2) where a value of low frequency dynamic stiffness is required at a specified frequency, fLFP, in the range 3 Hzto 30 Hz, the value of kLFPf shall be quoted. Where a general value of low frequency dynamic stiffness is required, then it is calculated using Equation (3). !MN/m 3LFP20LFP10LFP5LFPmeankkkk++="
(3) where kLFP5, kLFP10 and kLFP20 are measured at (5 ± 1) Hz, (10 ± 1) Hz and (20 ± 1) Hz respectively. 6.2.5 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 13 a) number, title and date of this European Standard; b) name and address of the laboratory performing the test; c) date test performed; d) name, designation and description of the pads tested; e) origin of the test specimens; f) intended use of pad tested; g) configuration of the load distribution plates used; h) temperature at which test performed; i) values of FLFP1 and FLFPmax; j) representative load-deflection curve; k) dynamic stiffness of the pads tested at the specified frequency or at 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 20 Hz; l) the mean dynamic stiffness of the pads tested over the range 3 Hz to 30 Hz if a general figure for low frequency dynamic stiffness is required. NOTE If the test is performed at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each test temperature. 6.3 Dynamic high frequency test procedure for pads See Annex A. 7 Test procedures for complete rail fastening assemblies 7.1 Static test procedure for fastening assemblies 7.1.1 Principle A force is applied normal to the rail foot and the displacement is measured.
When the stiffness is measured before and after the fatigue test in accordance with EN 13146-4, the force can be applied normal to the base of the sleeper. 7.1.2 Apparatus 7.1.2.1 Controlled temperature test area As described in 6.1.2.1. 7.1.2.2 Actuator Actuator capable of applying a force of (FSAmax + 10 %) kN. SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 14 7.1.2.3 Displacement measuring instruments Contact instruments complying with EN ISO 9513:2002, Table 2, Class2. When non-contact instruments are used, they shall be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of measurement complies with the following requirements. The instruments shall be capable of measuring the vertical displacement of the surface of the test assembly as follows: For assemblies with a declared stiffness ≤ 100 MN/m displacement measurement within
± 0,02 mm. For assemblies with a declared stiffness > 100 MN/m displacement measurement within
± 0,01 mm. 7.1.2.4 Force measuring instruments In accordance with 6.1.2.7. 7.1.3 Test specimens 7.1.3.1 Sleeper or other rail support A sleeper, half sleeper, concrete block or other rail support with cast-in fastening components or holes, and rail seats, as made without modification for this test. 7.1.3.2 Fastening All fast
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