SIST EN 14227-3:2013
(Main)Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 3: Fly ash bound mixtures
Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 3: Fly ash bound mixtures
This European Standard specifies fly ash bound granular mixtures for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas, and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification.
In this European Standard, fly ash refers to siliceous or calcareous fly ash complying with EN 14227-4. Where fly ash is part of cement conforming to EN 197-1 or hydraulic road binder conforming to EN 13282-1 and EN 13282-2, then reference should be made to EN 14227-1 or EN 14227-5 respectively.
Hydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 3: Flugaschegebundene Gemische
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Festlegungen für flugaschegebundene Gemische für Straßen, Flugplätze und weitere Verkehrsflächen und legt die Anforderungen an ihre Bestandteile und Zusammensetzung sowie an die Klassifizierung des im Labor bestimmten Gebrauchsverhaltens fest.
In dieser Europäischen Norm bezieht sich die Bezeichnung Flugasche auf kieselsäurereiche und kalkhaltige Flugasche nach EN 14227 4. Falls Flugasche Bestandteil von Zement nach EN 197-1 oder Tragschichtbinder nach prEN 13282-1 und -2 ist, sollte auf EN 14227 1 bzw. EN 14227 5 Bezug genommen werden.
Mélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 3: Mélanges granulaires traités à la cendre volante
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les mélanges granulaires traités à la cendre volante pour les routes, les aéroports et autres zones de circulation, et précise les exigences relatives à leurs constituants, à leur composition et à leur classification selon les performances mesurées en laboratoire.
Dans la présente Norme européenne, le terme « cendre volante » désigne la cendre volante siliceuse ou calcaire, conforme à l'EN 14227-4. Lorsque la cendre volante fait partie d’un ciment conforme à l'EN 197-1 ou d’un liant hydraulique routier conforme aux prEN 13282-1 et -2, il convient de se référer respectivement à l'EN 14227-1 ou à l'EN 14227-5.
Hidravlično vezane zmesi - Specifikacije - 3. del: Z elektrofiltrskim pepelom vezane zmesi
Ta evropski standard določa z elektrofiltrskim pepelom vezane zmesi za ceste, letališča in druge prometne površine in določa zahteve za njihove sestavine, sestavo in klasifikacijo usposobljenosti laboratorija.
V tem evropskem standardu se elektrofiltrski pepel nanaša na silikatni ali karbonatni elektrofiltrski pepel iz standarda EN 14227-4. Če je elektrofiltrski pepel del cementa skladen s standardom EN 197-1 ali je del hidravlično vezanih materialov skladen s standardoma EN 13282-1 in EN 13282-2, se je treba sklicevati na EN 14227-1 ali EN 14227-5.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.]PHVLHydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 3: Flugaschegebundene GemischeMélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 3: Mélanges granulaires traités à la cendre volanteHydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 3: Fly ash bound mixtures93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14227-3:2013SIST EN 14227-3:2013en,fr,de01-julij-2013SIST EN 14227-3:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14227-3:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14227-3
May 2013 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 14227-3:2004English Version
Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 3: Fly ash bound granular mixtures
Mélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 3: Mélanges granulaires traités à la cendre volante
Hydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 3: Flugaschegebundene Gemische This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14227-3:2013: ESIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .7 5 Constituents .8 5.1 Aggregates .8 5.2 Fly ash .8 5.3 Lime .8 5.4 Cement .8 5.5 Gypsum .8 5.6 Granulated blast furnace slag .8 5.7 Other constituents .8 5.8 Water .9 6 Fly ash bound granular mixtures .9 6.1 Types .9 6.1.1 Fly ash bound granular mixture 1 .9 6.1.2 Fly ash bound granular mixture 2 .9 6.1.3 Fly ash bound granular mixture 3 .9 6.1.4 Fly ash bound granular mixture 4 . 10 6.1.5 Fly ash bound granular mixture 5 . 10 6.1.6 Fly ash bound granular mixture 6 . 10 6.1.7 Examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures . 10 6.2 Water content of mixtures . 10 6.3 Proportioning of the constituents, grading and dry density . 11 6.4 Other requirements for the fresh mixture . 11 6.4.1 Compacity . 11 6.4.2 Immediate bearing index of the mixture . 11 6.4.3 Workability period. 11 7 Laboratory mechanical performance classification . 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 Classification by compressive strength . 12 7.3 Classification by Rt, E . 13 7.3.1 General . 13 7.3.2 Method by direct tensile testing . 14 7.3.3 Method by indirect tensile testing. 14 7.3.4 Method by indirect tensile and compression testing. 14 8 Other requirements for the mixture . 15 8.1 Strength after immersion in water . 15 8.2 Other characteristics . 15 9 Production control . 15 10 Designation and description . 15 10.1 Designation . 15 10.2 Description . 16 11 Marking and labelling . 16 12 Figures . 17 Annex A (normative)
Compacity of a fly ash bound granular mixture 2 . 26 SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 3 Annex B (informative)
Examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures using siliceous fly ash . 27 Annex C (informative)
Examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures using calcareous fly ash . 28 Annex D (informative)
Production control for fly ash bound granular mixtures . 29 D.1 General . 29 D.2 Quality manual . 29 D.3 Organisation . 29 D.3.1 Responsibility and authority . 29 D.3.2 Management representative . 29 D.3.3 Internal audits . 29 D.3.4 Management review . 30 D.3.5 Sub-contract services . 30 D.3.6 Records . 30 D.3.7 Training. 30 D.4 Control procedures . 30 D.4.1 Production management . 30 D.4.2 Composition of the mixture . 31 D.4.3 Constituents . 31 D.4.4 Process control . 31 D.4.5 Inspection, calibration and control of process equipment . 31 D.4.6 Handling and delivery . 32 D.5 Inspection and testing of constituents and mixtures during production . 32 D.5.1 General . 32 D.5.2 Characteristics that require control during production . 32 D.5.3 Frequency of sampling the mixture . 32 D.6 Inspection and testing equipment . 33 D.6.1 General . 33 D.6.2 Measuring and testing equipment . 33 D.6.3 Measuring and testing equipment in the process . 33 D.6.4 Measuring and testing equipment in laboratory . 33 D.7 Non-conformity . 34 D.7.1 General . 34 D.7.2 Non-conformity of constituents . 34 D.7.3 Non-conformity of the mixture . 34 Bibliography . 35
SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14227-3:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14227-3:2004. Compared with EN 14227-3:2004, the following changes have been made: Changing of the title; Revision of Clause 5 "Constituents"; Revision of Clause 6 "Fly ash bound granular mixture"; Inclusion of Clause 6.4 "Other requirements for the fresh mixture"; Revision of Annex B (informative) "Examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures using siliceous fly ash"; Revision of Annex C (informative) "Examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures using calcareous fly ash".
This standard is one of a series of parts for EN 14227, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications: Part 1: Cement bound granular mixtures Part 2: Slag bound granular mixtures Part 3: Fly ash bound granular mixtures Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically bound mixtures Part 5: Hydraulic road binder bound granular mixtures Part 10: Soil treated by cement Part 11: Soil treated by lime Part 12: Soil treated by slag Part 13: Soil treated by hydraulic road binder Part 14: Soil treated by fly ash According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 5 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies fly ash bound granular mixtures for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas, and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification.
In this European Standard, fly ash refers to siliceous or calcareous fly ash complying with EN 14227-4. Where fly ash is part of cement conforming to EN 197-1 or hydraulic road binder conforming to EN 13282-1 and EN 13282-2, then reference should be made to EN 14227-1 or EN 14227-5 respectively. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 459-1, Building lime — Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method EN 1097-6:2000, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates — Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption EN 1097-7, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates — Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler — Pyknometer method EN 13242, Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and road construction EN 13286-1, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 1: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Introduction, general requirements and sampling EN 13286-2, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 2: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Proctor compaction EN 13286-3, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 3: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrocompression with controlled parameters EN 13286-4, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 4: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrating hammer EN 13286-5, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 5: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrating table EN 13286-40, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 40: Test method for the determination of the direct tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-41, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-42, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 42: Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-43, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 43: Test method for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 7 EN 13286-45, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 45: Test method for the determination of the workability period of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-47, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 47: Test method for the determination of California bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling EN 13286-50, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 50: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction EN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 51: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrating hammer compaction EN 13286-52, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 52: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrocompression EN 13286-53, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 53: Methods for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using axial compression EN 14227-2, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 2: Slag bound granular mixtures EN 14227-4, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically bound mixtures 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 hydraulically bound mixture mixture which sets and hardens by hydraulic reaction 3.2 fly ash bound granular mixture granular hydraulically bound mixture in which siliceous or calcareous fly ash is the essential constituent of the binder and the hydraulic reaction Note 1 to entry:
Hardening can be controlled by additional constituents. 3.3 slenderness ratio height to diameter ratio of the specimen 3.4 compacity ratio of the absolute volume of the solid to the apparent volume of the mixture (see Annex A) 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purpose of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply. Rc is the compressive strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ri is the compressive strength after immersion, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rt is the direct tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rit is the indirect tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 8 E is the modulus of elasticity, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ec is the E determined by compression, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Et is the E determined in direct tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Eit is the E determined in indirect tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa). 5 Constituents 5.1 Aggregates Aggregates shall be selected from EN 13242. The properties and the appropriate categories of the aggregates shall be specified depending on the position of the fly ash bound mixture in the pavement structure and the traffic to be carried. Aggregates shall be volumetrically stable. When this is not the case, the use of the mixture shall be permitted provided there is a satisfactory performance record or a thorough laboratory evaluation of the mixture has been carried out in accordance with provisions valid at the place of use. 5.2 Fly ash Siliceous or calcareous fly ash shall conform to EN 14227-4. 5.3 Lime Quick lime (CaO) or hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2] shall be type CL90 or CL80 in conformity with EN 459-1.
Quick lime shall comply with reactivity R4 or R5 and particle size distribution P1, P2, P3 or P4. 5.4 Cement Cement shall conform to EN 197-1. 5.5 Gypsum The percentage of CaSO4.2H2O in gypsum shall exceed 90 %. The maximum size shall be less than 5 mm. NOTE 1 Gypsum, natural or artificial, is a setting and hardening activator. NOTE 2 Unless the constituents and the mixture are well known and proven, it will be necessary to check the expansion of mixtures containing gypsum. 5.6 Granulated blast furnace slag Granulated, including partially ground and ground granulated blast furnace slag, shall conform to EN 14227-2. 5.7 Other constituents Constituents, including calcium chloride and sodium carbonate, can be used to enhance the setting and hardening of fly ash bound mixtures. SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 9 5.8 Water Water shall not contain components that adversely affect the hardening and performance of the fly ash bound mixture. 6 Fly ash bound granular mixtures 6.1 Types Fly ash bound granular mixture shall be made from the constituents specified in Clause 5. The mixture shall be selected from the six types described below and shall conform to the specified requirements for the selected mixture. 6.1.1 Fly ash bound granular mixture 1
The grading of the mixture shall be 0/31,5 mm, determined in accordance with EN 933-1 and shall comply with Figure 1 for mixture using siliceous fly ash and Figure 2 for mixture using calcareous fly ash. 6.1.2 Fly ash bound granular mixture 2 Granular mixture with a compacity requirement.
The grading of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 933-1, shall comply with Table 1.
Either category G1 or category G2 of the grading envelope in Figures 3 to 8 shall be specified. The minimum compacity of the mixture at the maximum modified Proctor dry density shall be 0,80 in accordance with Annex A. The immediate bearing index category of the 0/10 mixture, determined in accordance with EN 13286-47 using modified Proctor compaction, shall be IPI50 in accordance with Table 4. Table 1 — Grading of fly ash bound granular mixture 2 Fly ash bound granular mixture Grading category Grading envelopes Mixture using siliceous fly ash Mixture using calcareous fly ash 2-0/20 G1 or G2 Figure 3 Figure 4 2-0/14 G1 or G2 Figure 5 Figure 6 2-0/10 G1 or G2 Figure 7 Figure 8
6.1.3 Fly ash bound granular mixture 3 Fly ash bound granular mixture 3 shall be a granular mixture with a maximum nominal size of D equal or less than 6,3 mm with an immediate bearing index requirement. The grading of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 933-1, shall comply with Table 2. The immediate bearing index class shall be selected from Table 4.
SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 10 Table 2 — Grading of fly ash bound granular mixture 3 Sieve mm 2D D 0,063 Percentage passing by mass 100 ≥ 85 ≤ 35
6.1.4 Fly ash bound granular mixture 4 Granular mixture with supplier declared grading, including declared upper and lower limits, and supplier declared immediate bearing index category. The grading of the mixture shall be determined in accordance with EN 933-1. The immediate bearing index category shall be selected from Table 4. 6.1.5 Fly ash bound granular mixture 5
The grading of the mixture when tested in accordance with EN 933-1 shall comply with the limits in Table 3. The immediate bearing index category shall be selected from Table 4. Table 3 — Grading of fly ash bound granular mixture 5 Sieve mm 45 31,5 20 10 4 2 0,5 0,25 0,063 Percentage passing by mass 100 85 to 100 66 to 100 48 to 100 34 to 100 26 to 100 16 to 75 13 to 60 7 to 35
6.1.6 Fly ash bound granular mixture 6
Fly ash bound mixture 6 shall be a mixture where fly ash is the main constituent of the mixture and part of the binder. Unless the constituents and the mixture are well known and proven, the mixture shall be checked for volume stability in accordance with regulations at the place of use. In the case of lime and gypsum activated siliceous fly ash, the proportion of gypsum shall not exceed 7 % by dry mass and the proportion of lime shall not exceed 5 % by mass, in the case of quick lime (CaO), or 7 % by mass in the case of hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). 6.1.7 Examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures Annexes B and C give examples of fly ash bound granular mixtures. NOTE The examples are not exhaustive, nor the proportions intended to be restrictive, but they illustrate the current use in Europe. 6.2 Water content of mixtures The water content shall be selected to permit compaction on site by rolling and to optimise the mechanical performance of the mixture. The water content shall be determined by the Proctor test or other method in accordance with EN 13286-1, EN 13286-2, EN 13286-3, EN 13286-4 and EN 13286-5, and limits set to give a workable range of water content on site compatible with the compaction and the desired mechanical performance of the mixture. SIST EN 14227-3:2013
EN 14227-3:2013 (E) 11 6.3 Proportioning of the constituents, grading and dry density The proportioning of the constituents, expressed as a percentage by dry mass of the total dry mass of the mixture, the grading, and the dry density of the mixture shall be declared. The declared proportions shall be based on the laboratory mixture design and/or practical experiences with mixtures produced with the same constituents and under the same conditions in a way that the mixture complies with the requirements of this European Standard. Irrespective of the binder content necessary to fulfil the strength requirements of this standard, the binder content should not be less than any minimum value fixed by provisions valid in the place of use. This requirement may be necessary to ensure that there is adequate distribution of the binder throughout the mixture. 6.4 Other requirements for the fresh mixture 6.4.1 Compacity The minimum compacity of Type 2 mixtures at the maximum modified Proctor dry density shall be 0,80 in accordance with Annex A. 6.4.2 Immediate bearing index of the mixture The immediate bearing index shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-47 using modified Proctor compaction. The immediate bearing index category from Table 4 shall be IPI50 for mixture 2 – 0/10. The immediate bearing index category shall be selected from Table 4 for mixtures 3, 4 and 5. Table 4 — Immediate bearing index categories Immediate bearing index requirement Immediate bearing index category Declared value IPIDV ≥ 50 IPI50 ≥ 40 IPI40 ≥ 25 IPI25 No requirement IPINR
Mixtures with an immediate bearing index less than 40 may not support immediate trafficking and should be used with care.
NOTE 1 Blends of aggregates can be used to achieve the required immediate bearing inde
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