SIST EN ISO 13849-1:2007
(Main)Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
This standard provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design of safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS). For these parts it specifies characteristics and categories required for carrying out related safety functions. It applies to SRP/CSs, regardless of the type of technology and energy used (e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical) for all kinds of machinery. It does not specify which safety functions and which categories shall be used in a particular case.
In the case of using electronic system(s), this standard is applicable if one or more of the following is satisfied:
1) the required performance level (PLr)is a or b, or
2) the safety function is carried out by hardware where the fault behaviour is clearly determined and assessable, or
3) the contribution of programmable electronic systems within the SRP/CS which carries out the safety function is low (e.g. for monitoring) and the (PLr)is from a to d, or
4) the safety function is carried out by diverse programmable electronic systems and the required performance level is from a to d. Depending on the application the diverse programmable electronic system consists of diverse application software and/or diverse operational systems and/or diverse hardware and the required performance level is from a to d, or
5) safety-related parts used (including the software) are designed to the requirements of appropriate standards.
NOTE 1 For the definition of required performance level see 3.24.
NOTE 2 The requirements provided in this standard for programmable electronic systems are compatible with the methodology for the design and development of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for machinery given in the horizontal application standard IEC 62061 (under preparation in IEC/TC44/WG7).
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsbezogene Teile von Steuerungen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitsätze (ISO 13849-1:2006)
Dieser Teil der ISO 13849 stellt Sicherheitsanforderungen und einen Leitfaden für die Prinzipien der Gestaltung und Integration sicherheitsbezogener Teile von Steuerungen (SRP/CS) bereit, einschließlich der Entwicklung von Software. Für diese Teile der SRP/CS werden Eigenschaften, einschließlich des Performance Levels, festgelegt, die zur Ausführung der entsprechenden Sicherheitsfunktionen erforderlich sind. Er ist anzuwenden auf SRP/CS aller Arten von Maschinen, ungeachtet der verwendeten Technologie und Energie (elektrisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch, mechanisch usw.).
Er legt nicht fest, welche Sicherheitsfunktionen oder Performance Level für einen speziellen Fall verwendet werden.
Dieser Teil der ISO 13849 stellt spezielle Anforderungen für SRP/CS mit programmierbar elektronischen Systemen bereit.
Er stellt keine speziellen Anforderungen an den Entwurf von Produkten, die Teile von SRP/CS sind. Trotzdem können die angegebenen Prinzipien, wie Kategorien oder Performance Level, verwendet werden.
ANMERKUNG 1 Beispiele von Produkten, die Teile von SRP/CS sind: Relais, Magnetventile, Positionsschalter, PLC(en), Antriebssteuerungen, Zweihandschaltungen, druckempfindliche Schutzeinrichtungen. Für den Entwurf solcher Produkte ist es wichtig, sich auf spezielle anwendbare Internationale Normen zu beziehen, z. B. ISO 13851, ISO 13856-1 und ISO 13856-2.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für die Definition des erforderlichen Performance Levels, siehe 3.1.24.
ANMERKUNG 3 Die in diesem Teil der ISO 13849 bereitgestellten Anforderungen für programmierbare elektronische Systeme sind kompatibel mit der Methodik für Gestaltung und Entwicklung sicherheitsbezogener elektrischer, elektronischer und programmierbarer elektronischer Steuerungen für Maschinen in der IEC 62061.
ANMERKUNG 4 Für sicherheitsbezogene Embedded-Software in Komponenten mit PLr = e, siehe IEC 61508-3:1998, Abschnitt 7.
ANMERKUNG 5 Siehe auch Tabelle 1.
Sécurité des machines - Parties des systemes de commande relatives a la sécurité - Partie 1: Principes généraux de conception (ISO 13849-1:2006)
La présente norme fournit des prescriptions de sécurité et des conseils relatifs aux principes de conception des parties des systemes de commande relatives a la sécurité (SRP/CS). Pour ces parties, elle spécifie les catégories et les caractéristiques requises pour réaliser ces fonctions de sécurité. Elle s'applique aux SRP/CS de tous les types de machines, indépendamment de la technologie et du type d'énergie utilisés (par exemple : électrique, hydraulique, pneumatique, mécanique). Elle ne spécifie pas quelles fonctions de sécurité et quelles catégories doivent etre utilisées dans un cas particulier.
En cas d'utilisation de systeme(s) électronique(s), la présente norme s'applique si l'une ou plusieurs des conditions suivantes sont réalisées :
1) le niveau de performance requis (PLr) est a ou b ; ou
2) la fonction de sécurité est réalisée par du matériel dont le comportement en cas de défaut est clairement déterminé et appréciable ; ou
3) la contribution des systemes électroniques programmables a la SRP/CS réalisant la fonction de sécurité est faible (par exemple pour la surveillance) et le PLr est compris entre a et d ; ou
4) la fonction de sécurité est réalisée par des systemes électroniques programmables diversitaires et le niveau de performance requis est compris entre a et d. Selon l'application, le systeme électronique programmable diversitaire est constitué de logiciels applicatifs diversitaires et/ou de systemes opérationnels diversitaires et/ou de matériels diversitaires et le niveau de performance requis est compris entre a et d ; ou
5) les parties relatives a la sécurité utilisées (y compris le logiciel) sont conçues conformément aux prescriptions des normes applicables.
NOTE 1 Pour la définition du niveau de performance requis, voir 3.24.
Varnost strojev – Z varnostjo povezani deli krmilnih sistemov – 1. del: Splošna načela za načrtovanje (ISO 13849-1:2006)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13849-1:2007
01-marec-2007
9DUQRVWVWURMHY±=YDUQRVWMRSRYH]DQLGHOLNUPLOQLKVLVWHPRY±GHO 6SORãQD
QDþHOD]DQDþUWRYDQMH ,62
Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles
for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsbezogene Teile von Steuerungen - Teil 1:
Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitsätze (ISO 13849-1:2006)
Sécurité des machines - Parties des systemes de commande relatives a la sécurité -
Partie 1: Principes généraux de conception (ISO 13849-1:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13849-1:2006
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
SIST EN ISO 13849-1:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13849-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2006
ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 954-1:1996
English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems -
Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
Sécurité des machines - Parties des systèmes de Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsbezogene Teile von
commande relatives à la sécurité - Partie 1: Principes Steuerungen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitsätze (ISO
généraux de conception (ISO 13849-1:2006) 13849-1:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13849-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 13849-1:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13849-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114
"Safety of machinery", the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 199 "Safety of machinery".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009.
This document supersedes EN 954-1:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
2
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EN ISO 13849-1:2006 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive
and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with
the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with Essential Requirements 1.2.1 and 1.2.7 of Annex I of that Directive
and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling
within the scope of this standard.
3
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13849-1
Second edition
2006-11-01
Safety of machinery — Safety-related
parts of control systems —
Part 1:
General principles for design
Sécurité des machines — Parties des systèmes de commande relatives
à la sécurité —
Partie 1: Principes généraux de conception
Reference number
ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
3.1 Terms and definitions. 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 8
4 Design considerations . 9
4.1 Safety objectives in design. 9
4.2 Strategy for risk reduction. 11
4.2.1 General. 11
4.2.2 Contribution to the risk reduction by the control system . 11
4.3 Determination of required performance level (PL ). 14
r
4.4 Design of SRP/CS . 14
4.5 Evaluation of the achieved performance level PL and relationship with SIL. 15
4.5.1 Performance level PL . 15
4.5.2 Mean time to dangerous failure of each channel (MTTF ) . 17
d
4.5.3 Diagnostic coverage (DC) . 18
4.5.4 Simplified procedure for estimating PL. 18
4.6 Software safety requirements . 21
4.6.1 General. 21
4.6.2 Safety-related embedded software (SRESW) . 21
4.6.3 Safety-related application software (SRASW) . 22
4.6.4 Software-based parameterization . 25
4.7 Verification that achieved PL meets PL . 26
r
4.8 Ergonomic aspects of design. 26
5 Safety functions . 26
5.1 Specification of safety functions . 26
5.2 Details of safety functions . 28
5.2.1 Safety-related stop function . 28
5.2.2 Manual reset function. 29
5.2.3 Start/restart function . 29
5.2.4 Local control function . 30
5.2.5 Muting function. 30
5.2.6 Response time . 30
5.2.7 Safety–related parameters. 30
5.2.8 Fluctuations, loss and restoration of power sources. 31
6 Categories and their relation to MTTF of each channel, DC and CCF. 31
d avg
6.1 General. 31
6.2 Specifications of categories . 32
6.2.1 General. 32
6.2.2 Designated architectures. 32
6.2.3 Category B. 32
6.2.4 Category 1 . 33
6.2.5 Category 2 . 34
6.2.6 Category 3 . 35
6.2.7 Category 4 . 36
6.3 Combination of SRP/CS to achieve overall PL . 39
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
7 Fault consideration, fault exclusion. 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Fault consideration . 40
7.3 Fault exclusion . 41
8 Validation . 41
9 Maintenance. 41
10 Technical documentation. 41
11 Information for use . 42
Annex A (informative) Determination of required performance level (PL ) . 44
r
Annex B (informative) Block method and safety-related block diagram . 47
Annex C (informative) Calculating or evaluating MTTF values for single components. 49
d
Annex D (informative) Simplified method for estimating MTTF for each channel . 57
d
Annex E (informative) Estimates for diagnostic coverage (DC) for functions and modules. 59
Annex F (informative) Estimates for common cause failure (CCF). 62
Annex G (informative) Systematic failure . 64
Annex H (informative) Example of combination of several safety-related parts of the control
system . 67
Annex I (informative) Examples . 70
Annex J (informative) Software.77
Annex K (informative) Numerical representation of Figure 5 . 80
Bibliography . 83
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13849-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 114, Safety of machinery, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of
machinery, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO ISO 13849-1:1999), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 13849 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts
of control systems:
⎯ Part 1: General principles for design
⎯ Part 2: Validation
⎯ Part 100: Guidelines for the use and application of ISO 13849-1 [Technical Report]
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.
a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery.
b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspect(s), or one or more
type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
⎯ type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
⎯ type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards).
c) Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This part of ISO 13849 is a type-B-1 standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
When provisions of a type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards,
the provisions of the type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of the type-C standard.
This part of ISO 13849 is intended to give guidance to those involved in the design and assessment of control
systems, and to Technical Committees preparing Type-B2 or Type-C standards which are presumed to
comply with the Essential Safety Requirements of Annex I of the Council Directive 98/37/EC, The Machinery
Directive. It does not give specific guidance for compliance with other EC directives.
As part of the overall risk reduction strategy at a machine, a designer will often choose to achieve some
measure of risk reduction through the application of safeguards employing one or more safety functions.
Parts of machinery control systems that are assigned to provide safety functions are called safety-related
parts of control systems (SRP/CS) and these can consist of hardware and software and can either be
separate from the machine control system or an integral part of it. In addition to providing safety functions,
SRP/CS can also provide operational functions (e.g. two-handed controls as a means of process initiation).
The ability of safety-related parts of control systems to perform a safety function under foreseeable conditions
is allocated one of five levels, called performance levels (PL). These performance levels are defined in terms
of probability of dangerous failure per hour (see Table 3).
The probability of dangerous failure of the safety function depends on several factors, including hardware and
software structure, the extent of fault detection mechanisms [diagnostic coverage (DC)], reliability of
components [mean time to dangerous failure (MTTF ), common cause failure (CCF)], design process,
d
operating stress, environmental conditions and operation procedures.
In order to assist the designer and help facilitate the assessment of achieved PL, this document employs a
methodology based on the categorization of structures according to specific design criteria and specified
behaviours under fault conditions. These categories are allocated one of five levels, termed Categories B, 1, 2,
3 and 4.
vi © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
The performance levels and categories can be applied to safety-related parts of control systems, such as
⎯ protective devices (e.g. two-hand control devices, interlocking devices), electro-sensitive protective
devices (e.g. photoelectric barriers), pressure sensitive devices,
⎯ control units (e.g. a logic unit for control functions, data processing, monitoring, etc.), and
⎯ power control elements (e.g. relays, valves, etc),
as well as to control systems carrying out safety functions at all kinds of machinery — from simple (e.g. small
kitchen machines, or automatic doors and gates) to manufacturing installations (e.g. packaging machines,
printing machines, presses).
This part of ISO 13849 is intended to provide a clear basis upon which the design and performance of any
application of the SRP/CS (and the machine) can be assessed, for example, by a third party, in-house or by
an independent test house.
Information on the recommended application of IEC 62061 and this part of ISO 13849
IEC 62061 and this part of ISO 13849 specify requirements for the design and implementation of safety-
related control systems of machinery. The use of either of these International Standards, in accordance with
their scopes, can be presumed to fulfil the relevant essential safety requirements. The following table
summarizes the scopes of IEC 62061 and this part of ISO 13849.
Table 1 — Recommended application of IEC 62061 and ISO 13849-1
Technology implementing the
ISO 13849-1 IEC 62061
safety-related control function(s)
A Non-electrical, e.g. hydraulics X Not covered
B Electromechanical, e.g. relays, Restricted to designated All architectures and up to SIL 3
a
and/or non complex electronics
architectures and up to PL = e
C Complex electronics, e.g. Restricted to designated All architectures and up to SIL 3
a
programmable
architectures and up to PL = d
D A combined with B Restricted to designated
c
X
a
architectures and up to PL = e
E C combined with B Restricted to designated All architectures and up to SIL 3
architectures (see Note 1) and up to
PL = d
F C combined with A, or C
b c
X X
combined with A and B
X indicates that this item is dealt with by the International Standard shown in the column heading.
a
Designated architectures are defined in 6.2 in order to give a simplified approach for quantification of performance level.
b
For complex electronics: use designated architectures according to this part of ISO 13849 up to PL = d or any architecture
according to IEC 62061.
c
For non-electrical technology, use parts in accordance with this part of ISO 13849 as subsystems.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vii
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control
systems —
Part 1:
General principles for design
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13849 provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design and
integration of safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS), including the design of software. For these
parts of SRP/CS, it specifies characteristics that include the performance level required for carrying out safety
functions. It applies to SRP/CS, regardless of the type of technology and energy used (electrical, hydraulic,
pneumatic, mechanical, etc.), for all kinds of machinery.
It does not specify the safety functions or performance levels that are to be used in a particular case.
This part of ISO 13849 provides specific requirements for SRP/CS using programmable electronic system(s).
It does not give specific requirements for the design of products which are parts of SRP/CS. Nevertheless, the
principles given, such as categories or performance levels, can be used.
NOTE 1 Examples of products which are parts of SRP/CS: relays, solenoid valves, position switches, PLCs, motor
control units, two-hand control devices, pressure sensitive equipment. For the design of such products, it is important to
refer to the specifically applicable International Standards, e.g. ISO 13851, ISO 13856-1 and ISO 13856-2.
NOTE 2 For the definition of required performance level, see 3.1.24.
NOTE 3 The requirements provided in this part of ISO 13849 for programmable electronic systems are compatible with
the methodology for the design and development of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic
control systems for machinery given in IEC 62061.
NOTE 4 For safety-related embedded software for components with PL = e see IEC 61508-3:1998, Clause 7.
r
NOTE 5 See also Table 1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles
ISO 13849-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 13849-1:2006(E)
1)
ISO 14121 , Safety of machinery — Principles of risk assessment
IEC 60050-191:1990, International electrotechnical vocabulary — Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of
service, and IEC 60050-191-am1:1999 and IEC 60050-191-am2:2002:1999, Amendment 1 and Amendment 2,
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service
IEC 61508-3:1998, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems -
Part 3: Software requirements, and IEC 61508-3 Corr.1:1999, Corrigendum 1 — Functional safety of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems — Part 3: Software requirements
IEC 61508-4:1998, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
systems — Part 4: Definitions and abbreviations, and IEC 61508-4 Corr.1:1999, Corrigendum 1 — Functional
safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems — Part 4: Definitions and
abbreviations
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 and IEC 60050-191 and
the following apply.
3.1.1
safety–related part of a control system
SRP/CS
part of a control system that responds to safety-related input signals and generates safety-related output
signals
NOTE 1 The combined safety-related parts of a control system start at the point where the safety-related input signals
are initiated (including, for example, the actuating cam and the roller of the
...
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