SIST EN 13655:2018
(Main)Plastics - Thermoplastic mulch films recoverable after use, for use in agriculture and horticulture
Plastics - Thermoplastic mulch films recoverable after use, for use in agriculture and horticulture
This European Standard specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, optical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic films for mulching applications in agriculture and horticulture.
These mulching films are intended to be removed after use and not incorporated in the soil.
It specifies a classification for durability of mulching films and the test methods referred to in this document.
This European Standard is applicable to thermoplastic mulching films, used for agriculture and horticulture in Europe, based on polyethylene and/or ethylene copolymers, of the following types:
- transparent films;
- black films;
- reflective films (e.g. white films, black/white films and black/silver films);
- films of other colour(s) for weed control (e.g. green, brown).
This European Standard also defines installation, use and removal conditions of mulching films.
NOTE Mulch films are considered as highly contaminated by soil and vegetal residues: the observed rates (or levels) of contamination of mulch films can vary from 70 % to 90 %. Therefore the film thickness is a key factor on the rate of contamination, the thinnest films (e.g. less than 25 µm) will be the mostly contaminated, difficult, expensive to remove, recover and recycle.
Kunstoffe - Nach Gebrauch abnehmbare thermoplastische Mulchfolien für den Einsatz in Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen in Bezug auf die Maßeigenschaften sowie die mechanischen, optischen und thermischen Merkmale thermoplastischer Folien für Mulchanwendungen in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau fest.
Diese Mulchfolien sollen nach der Nutzung entfernt werden und werden nicht in den Boden eingearbeitet.
Sie legt eine Klassifikation bezüglich der Beständigkeit von Mulchfolien und der in diesem Dokument in Bezug genommenen Prüfverfahren fest.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für thermoplastische Mulchfolien der folgenden Typen, die aus Polyethylen und/oder Ethylen-Copolymeren bestehen und in Europa in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau angewendet werden:
- transparente Folien;
- schwarze Folien;
- reflektierende Folien (z. B. weiße Folien, schwarz/weiße Folien und schwarz/silberne Folien);
- Folien in anderen Farben zur Unkrautbekämpfung (z. B. grün, braun).
Darüber hinaus legt diese Europäische Norm Bedingungen für die Anbringung, Anwendung und Entfernung von Mulchfolien fest.
ANMERKUNG Mulchfolien werden als stark durch Erd- und Pflanzenrückstände kontaminiert betrachtet: die beobachteten Niveaus (oder Pegel) können zwischen 70 % und 90 % variieren. Daher ist die Foliendicke ein wichtiger Faktor für das Kontaminationsniveau; die dünnsten Folien (d. h. weniger als 25 μm) werden die am höchsten kontaminierten sein und ihr Rückbau, ihre Rückgewinnung und ihr Recycling wird kompliziert und teuer sein.
Plastiques - Films de paillage thermoplastiques récupérables après usage, pour utilisation en agriculture et horticulture
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux caractéristiques dimensionnelles, mécaniques, optiques et thermiques des films thermoplastiques à utiliser pour les applications de paillage en agriculture et en horticulture.
Ces films de paillage sont destinés à être retirés après utilisation et ne sont pas incorporés dans le sol.
Elle définit une classification pour la durabilité des films de paillage et les méthodes d’essai auxquelles il est fait référence dans le présent document.
La présente Norme européenne est applicable aux films de paillage thermoplastiques utilisés en agriculture et en horticulture en Europe, à base de polyéthylène et/ou de copolymères d’éthylène, des types suivants :
- films transparents ;
- films noirs ;
- films réfléchissants (par exemple films blancs, films noirs/blancs et films noirs/argentés) ;
- films d’autre(s) couleur(s) pour le contrôle des mauvaises herbes (par exemple verts, marrons).
La présente Norme européenne définit également les conditions de mise en oeuvre, d’utilisation et d’élimination des films de paillage.
NOTE Les films de paillage sont considérés comme hautement contaminés par le sol et les résidus végétaux : les taux (ou niveaux) de contamination observés dans les films de paillage peuvent varier entre 70 % et 90 %. Par conséquent, l’épaisseur du film est un facteur clé pour le taux de contamination. Les films les plus minces (par exemple moins de 25 µm) seront les plus contaminés et les plus difficiles et coûteux à retirer, à récupérer et à recycler.
Polimerni materiali - Termoplastične folije za mulčenje, primerne za nadaljnjo predelavo, za uporabo v kmetijstvu in vrtnarstvu
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve v zvezi z dimenzionalnimi, mehanskimi, optičnimi in toplotnimi značilnostmi plastomernih folij za mulčenje v kmetijstvu in vrtnarstvu.
Te folije za mulčenje je treba po uporabi odstraniti in jih ne zmešati v zemljino.
Določa razvrstitev za trajnost folij za mulčenje in preskusne metode iz tega dokumenta.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za plastomerne folije za mulčenje, ki se v Evropi uporabljajo v kmetijstvu in vrtnarstvu, in so narejene iz polietilenskih in/ali etilenskih kopolimerov naslednjih tipov:
– prosojne folije,
– črni filmi,
– odsevne folije (npr. bele folije, črno/bele folije in črno/srebrni filmi),
– filmi drugih barv za nadzor plevela (npr. zeleni, rjavi).
Ta evropski standard določa tudi namestitev, uporabo in pogoje odstranjevanja folij za mulčenje.
OPOMBA Folije za mulčenje veljajo za zelo onesnažene z zemljino in rastlinskimi ostanki: ugotovljene stopnje (ali ravni) onesnaženja folij za mulčenje so v razponu od 70 % do 90 %. Zato je debelina folije ključen dejavnik pri stopnji onesnaženja. Najtanjše folije (npr. tanjše od 25 µm) bodo najbolj onesnažene, njihovo odstranjevanje obnavljanje in recikliranje pa bo težavno in drago.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kunstoffe - Nach Gebrauch abnehmbare thermoplastische Mulchfolien für den Einsatz in Landwirtschaft und im GartenbauPlastiques - Films de paillage thermoplastiques récupérables après usage, pour utilisation en agriculture et horticulturePlastics - Thermoplastic mulch films recoverable after use, for use in agriculture and horticulture83.140.10Filmi in folijeFilms and sheets65.040.30Rastlinjaki in druge napraveGreenhouses and other installationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13655:2018SIST EN 13655:2018en,fr,de01-maj-2018SIST EN 13655:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13655:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13655:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13655
February
t r s z ICS
z uä s v rä s r Supersedes EN
s u x w wã t r r tEnglish Version
Plastics æ Thermoplastic mulch films recoverable after useá for use in agriculture and horticulture Plastiques æ Films de paillage thermoplastiques récupérables après usageá pour utilisation en agriculture et horticulture
Kunstoffe æ Nach Gebrauch abnehmbare thermoplastische Mulchfolien für den Einsatz in Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s r December
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
9
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s u x w wã t r s z ESIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Types and use . 7 5 Materials . 7 6 Durability . 7 7 Requirements . 8 7.1 General requirements . 8 7.2 Requirement for appearance . 11 8 Test methods. 12 8.1 Determination of thickness . 12 8.2 Determination of width. 12 8.3 Determination of film length . 12 8.4 Determination of tensile characteristics . 12 8.5 Determination of impact resistance . 13 8.5.1 General . 13 8.5.2 Flat area . 13 8.5.3 Fold area . 13 8.6 Determination of the total luminous transmittance (transparent films) . 14 8.7 Determination of solar radiation in PAR and NIR region . 14 8.7.1 Principle . 14 8.7.2 Apparatus . 14 8.7.3 Procedure . 14 8.7.4 Expression of results . 15 8.8 Solar reflectance . 15 8.9 Determination of the relative light transmission . 15 8.10 Resistance to artificial weathering . 15 8.10.1 Principle . 15 8.10.2 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps . 15 8.10.3 Procedure . 16 8.10.4 Calculation and expression of results . 16 9 Roll acceptance, storage and handling . 16 9.1 Delivery checking . 16 9.2 Storage and handling of rolls . 16 10 Designation . 17 11 Marking . 17 11.1 Marking of the film . 17 11.2 Marking on the packaging or label . 17 12 Functions and factors of degradability of mulch films . 18 SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 3 13 Conditions for installation and use of mulch films . 18 14 Removal instructions and end of life . 18 Annex A (informative)
Exposure to other light sources . 19 A.1 Medium pressure mercury vapour lamps . 19 A.1.1 Durability classification . 19 A.1.2 Exposure to medium pressure mercury vapour lamps . 19 A.1.3 Procedure . 21 A.1.4 Calculation and expression of results . 21 A.2 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps . 21 A.2.1 Durability classification . 21 A.2.2 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps . 21 A.2.3 Procedure . 22 A.2.4 Calculation and expression of results . 22 Annex B (informative)
Numerical correlation between durations of mulching films exposed to artificial weathering and a natural exposure . 23 B.1 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps . 23 B.2 Exposure to medium pressure mercury vapour lamps . 24 B.3 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps . 24 Annex C (normative)
Determination of solar reflectance . 25 C.1 Principle . 25 C.2 Terms and definitions . 25 C.3 Apparatus . 25 C.3.1 General . 25 C.3.2 Test specimens . 26 C.3.3 Procedure . 26 C.3.4 Calculation of the solar reflectance Rs . 26 Annex D (normative)
Determination of the relative light transmission . 28 D.1 Principle . 28 D.2 Apparatus . 28 D.3 Procedure . 28 D.4 Expression of results . 28 Annex E (informative)
Guidance for conditions for installation, use and removal of mulch
films . 29 E.1 Main functions of mulch films . 29 E.2 Factors for degradability . 29 E.3 Conditions for installation, use and removal . 29 E.3.1 Installation instructions . 29 E.3.2 Durability of mulching films . 30 E.4 Removal instructions . 30 Bibliography . 31
SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 13655:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13655:2002. The following technical changes have been made in comparison to EN 13655:2002: — the Scope has been extensively specified and enlarged to installation, use and removal conditions of mulch films; —
the standard is only applicable to thermoplastic mulch films recoverable after use; —
modification of the minimum nominal thickness of the mulch films which conform to this standard, 20 µm instead of 10 µm; — the types of mulch films have been redefined; — the Table 2-Classification according to artificial weathering, has been modified; — the paragraphs for requirements, test methods, acceptance, storage and handling have been drafted in a new frame; — the paragraphs on functions and factors of degradability, instructions disposal of mulch films and end-of-life, have been added. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, optical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic films for mulching applications in agriculture and horticulture. These mulch films are intended to be removed after use and not incorporated in the soil. These mulch films are not intended to be used for soil disinfection by fumigation. Films for this application are in the scope of EN 17098-1[1]. It specifies a classification for durability of mulching films and the test methods referred to in this document. This document is applicable to thermoplastic mulch films, used for agriculture and horticulture in Europe, based on polyethylene and/or ethylene copolymers, of the following types: — transparent films; — black films; — reflective films (e.g. white films, black/white films and black/silver films); — films of other colour(s) for weed control (e.g. green, brown). This document also defines installation, use and removal conditions of mulch films. NOTE Mulch films are considered as highly contaminated by soil and vegetal residues: the observed rates (or levels) of contamination of mulch films can vary from 70 % to 90 %. Therefore the film thickness is a key factor on the rate of contamination, the thinnest films (e.g. less than 25 µm) will be the mostly contaminated, difficult, expensive to remove, recover and recycle. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 527-1, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1) EN ISO 527-3:1995, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets (ISO 527-3:1995) EN ISO 4892-2:2013, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (ISO 4892-2:2013) EN ISO 7765-1:2004, Plastics film and sheeting - Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method - Part 1: Staircase methods (ISO 7765-1:1988) ISO 4591, Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of average thickness of a sample, and average thickness and yield of a roll, by gravimetric techniques (gravimetric thickness) ISO 4592, Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of length and width ISO 4593, Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning ISO 9845-1, Solar energy - Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving conditions - Part 1: Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1,5 ASTM D 1003-13, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp 3.1 width total width of a film when laid flat Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm). 3.2 nominal width width of a film, as declared by the manufacturer/supplier Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm). 3.3 nominal thickness thickness of a film, as declared by the manufacturer/supplier Note 1 to entry:
3.4 roll length largest dimension of the film corresponding to the length of the unwinded roll Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres (m). 3.5 longitudinal direction of the film MD direction parallel to the roll length corresponding to the extrusion direction 3.6 transverse direction of the film TD direction parallel to the width (at right angles to the length) 3.7 radiant exposure H time integral of irradiance Note 1 to entry: It is measured in joules per square metre -2) [SOURCE: ISO 9370:2017, definition 3.27[2]] SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 7 4 Types and use The different types of mulch films, their optical characteristics and use are given in Table 1. Table 1 — Types and use of mulching films Type Optical characteristic Use Transparent film Transparent to sunlight radiation To warm up the soil Not used for weed growth control Black film Very low sunlight transmission When prevention of weeds growth is requested in order to limit warming effect of the soil Reflective film a Very low sunlight transmission When prevention of weeds growth is requested and sunlight reflection prevent young leaves burning and improves photosynthesis by light reflection Film of other colour(s) for weed control b Selective sunlight transmission in PAR (photosynthesis active radiation) and in near IR When prevention of weeds growth and warming up of soil are needed a E.g. white, black/white and black/silver. b E.g. green, brown, etc. 5 Materials Mulch films according to this standard are usually manufactured from polyolefins. 6 Durability The durability of mulch films is characterized by the class N, A, B, C and D. This classification, given in Table 2, is depending on the duration of exposure of the film to an artificial weathering using xenon-arc lamps according to 8.10, which induces a decrease of the value of tensile strain at break equal or less than 50 % of the initial value. The class of durability shall be declared by the manufacturer/supplier. Table 2 — Classification according to artificial weathering Class Minimum duration of exposure h At irradiance (narrowband 340 nm) 0,51 W/(m2bnm) N 280 A 1 400 B 2 450 C 4 070 D 5 600 SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 8 Other light sources may be used provided that a correlation between the test results obtained with these light sources and these obtained after a natural exposure can be demonstrated. This can be useful when the durations of the exposure to xenon-arc lamps as defined in Table 2 are too long. Details of these methods are given in Annex A (informative). In case of dispute, the exposure to xenon-arc lamps according to 8.10 and the classification according to Table 2 shall be used. NOTE A numerical correlation between durability of mulch
films exposed to artificial weathering and natural exposure is given in Annex B (informative). 7 Requirements 7.1 General requirements Transparent films, black films, reflective films and films of other colour(s) for weed control shall fulfil the requirements of Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Table 3 — Requirements for transparent films Characteristics Unit Nominal thickness Test method Subclause
· 20a
· 35
Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2 Dimensional characteristics Tolerance of average thickness/nominal thickness % ±5 8.1 Tolerance of single point thickness/nominal thickness %
from - 20 to 25
from
« s w to
t w
8.1 Width tolerance/ nominal width % ±2 8.2 Tolerances of the roll length/nominal length %
«1 8.3 Mechanical characteristics of unexposed film Tensile stress at yield (MD, TD) MPa
· 9
8.4 Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa
· 20
Tensile strain at break MD TD % %
· 250
· 350 Impact resistance Flat area Fold area g g
· 75
· 50
· 80
· 60 8.5 Optical characteristic of unexposed film Total luminous transmittance %
· 90 8.6 a 20
¶ nominal thickness < 35
SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 9 Table 4 — Requirements for black films Characteristics Unit Nominal thickness Test method Subclause
· 20a
· 50b
· 100
Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2 Dimensional characteristics Tolerance of average thickness/nominal thickness % ±5 8.1 Tolerance of single point thickness/nominal thickness % from - 20 to 25 ±15 ±15 8.1 Width tolerance/ nominal width % ±2 8.2 Tolerances of the roll length/nominal length %
«1 8.3 Mechanical characteristics of unexposed film Tensile stress at yield (MD, TD) MPa
· 9 8.4 Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa
· 20 Tensile strain at break
MD %
· 250 TD %
· 350 Impact resistance
8.5 flat area g
· 75
· 120
· 250 fold area g
· 50
· 60
· 120 Optical characteristic of unexposed film Relative light transmission %
¶ 10 «2
¶ 10 «2
¶ 10 «3 8.9 a 20
¶ nominal thickness < 50
b 50
¶ nominal thickness < 100
SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 10 Table 5 — Requirements for reflective films (white, black/white, black/silver) Characteristics Unit Nominal thickness Test method
· 25a
· 60 Subclause Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2 Dimensional characteristics Tolerance of average thickness/nominal thickness % ±5 8.1 Tolerance of single point thickness/nominal thickness % from - 20 to 25 ±15 8.1 Width tolerance/ nominal width % ±2 8.2 Tolerances of the roll length/nominal length %
«1 8.3 Mechanical characteristics on unexposed film Tensile stress at yield (MD, TD) MPa
· 9 8.4 Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa
· 20 Tensile strain at break
MD %
· 250 TD %
· 350 Impact resistance
8.5
Flat area g
· 80
· 150 fold area g
· 40
· 80 Optical characteristic of unexposed film Relative light transmission (for film with at least one black layer) %
¶ 1
¶ 0,1 8.9 Relative light transmission (for film without black layers) %
· 60
· 50 8.9 Solar reflectance (for film with at least one white layer) %
· 55
· 60 8.8 Solar reflectance (for film without white layers) % To be declared by the manufacturer To be declared by the manufacturer 8.8 a
25
¶ nominal thickness < 60
SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 11 Table 6 — Requirements for films of other colour(s) for weed control Characteristics Unit Nominal thickness Test method
· 25 Subclause Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2 Dimensional characteristics Tolerance of average thickness/nominal thickness % ±5 8.1 Tolerance of single point thickness/nominal thickness % from - 20 to 25 8.1 Width tolerance/ nominal width % ±2 8.2 Tolerances of the roll length/nominal length %
«1
«1 8.3 Mechanical characteristics of unexposed film Tensile stress at yield (MD, TD) MPa
· 9 8.4 Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa
· 20 Tensile strain at break
MD %
· 250 TD %
· 350 Impact resistance on flat area g
· 80 8.5 Optical characteristic of unexposed film Transmission of solar radiation in the photosynthesis active radiation (PAR)
Range 400 nm to 500 nm % < 25 8.7 Range 600 nm to 700 nm % < 20
Transmission of solar radiation in the near-infrared region (NIR) Range 850 nm to 1 100 nm % > 55 8.7 7.2 Requirement for appearance The free edges of the roll shall be sealed with adhesive tape or by some other similar means, in order to prevent its unwinding. The edges shall be properly in line and there shall be sufficient tension to prevent the layers of the roll from transversal slipping when it is handled. The film shall be homogeneous for the purpose of the application and check it by unrolling at least 2 m of the film and examining it against the light, holding it tight at arm length. SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 12 8 Test methods 8.1 Determination of thickness The thickness of the single points of the film shall be determined in accordance with ISO 4593. The average thickness of the film shall be determined in accordance with ISO 4591 or ISO 4593. Testing is performed using one strip of film cut in transverse direction of the roll (TD). 8.2 Determination of width The width of the film shall be determined in accordance with ISO 4592. 8.3 Determination of film length The length of the film shall be determined by unwinding the roll by means of a calibrated reel in contact continuously with its outside surface (see Figure 1). The calibrated reel is connected to a revolution counter. The diameter of the calibrated reel shall be measured with a accuracy of ± 0,2 %. The roll shall be totally unwound at a speed of 100 m/min ± 10 m/min. The value of the length of the film is calculated by using Formula (1): π=⋅⋅lnd (1) where l is the value of the length of the film, expressed in metres (m); n is the number of revolutions of the calibrated reel during the total unwinding of the roll; d is the diameter of the calibrated reel, expressed in metres (m).
Key 1 film roll 2 calibrated reel with a revolution counter 3 collection reel 4 deflection reel d diameter of the calibrated reel Figure 1 — Apparatus for the determination of the film length 8.4 Determination of tensile characteristics The tensile characteristics shall be determined according to EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3 using five test pieces type 2
(see Figure 1 of EN ISO 527-3:1995) with a width of 10 mm, cut in each direction of the film [longitudinal direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD)], at a testing speed of 500 mm/min. SIST EN 13655:2018
EN 13655:2018 (E) 13 Calculate the arithmetic average value of the five measurements. 8.5 Determination of impact resistance 8.5.1
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