SIST EN 12873-1:2004
(Main)Influence of materials on water intended for human consumption - Influence due to migration - Part 1: Test method for non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made products
Influence of materials on water intended for human consumption - Influence due to migration - Part 1: Test method for non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made products
This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made or factory applied products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.
This standard is applicable to products intended to be used under various conditions for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of water intended for human consumption. It covers the extraction by water of substances from the finished products.
Einfluss von Materialien auf Trinkwasser - Einfluss infolge der Migration - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren für nichtmetallische und nicht zementgebundene fabrikmäßig hergestellte Produkte
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren fest, um die Migration von Substanzen aus nichtmetallischen, nicht zementgebundenen fabrikmäßig hergestellten oder in der Fabrik aufgebrachten Produkten, die mit Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch in Kontakt kommen, zu bestimmen.
Diese Norm ist anwendbar auf Produkte, die unter verschiedenen Bedingungen für den Transport und die Speicherung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch genutzt werden, einschließlich für Rohwasser, das zur Herstellung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch vorgesehen ist. Sie beschreibt die Extraktion von Bestandteilen aus den Fertigprodukten durch Wasser.
Influence sur l'eau des matériaux en contact avec l'eau destinée a la consommation humaine - Influence de la migration - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai des matériaux de fabrication industrielle, excepté les matériaux métalliques et ceux a base de ciment
a présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détermination de la migration de substances a partir de matériaux fabriqués ou appliqués en usine, utilisés en contact avec l'eau destinée a la consommation humaine, a l'exception des matériaux métalliques et de ceux a base de ciment.
La présente norme s'applique a des matériaux utilisables dans diverses conditions pour le transport et le stockage de l'eau destinée a la consommation humaine, y compris les eaux brutes utilisées pour la production d'eau destinée a la consommation humaine. Elle recouvre l'extraction par l'eau de substances provenant des produits finis.
Vpliv materiala na pitno vodo - Vpliv migracije - 1. del: Preskusna metoda za nekovinske in necementne industrijsko izdelane proizvode
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Vpliv materiala na pitno vodo - Vpliv migracije - 1. del: Preskusna metoda za nekovinske in necementne industrijsko izdelane proizvodeEinfluss von Materialien auf Trinkwasser - Einfluss infolge der Migration - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren für nichtmetallische und nicht zementgebundene fabrikmäßig hergestellte ProdukteInfluence sur l'eau des matériaux en contact avec l'eau destinée a la consommation humaine - Influence de la migration - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai des matériaux de fabrication industrielle, excepté les matériaux métalliques et ceux a base de cimentInfluence of materials on water intended for human consumption - Influence due to migration - Part 1: Test method for non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made products67.250Materiali in predmeti v stiku z živiliMaterials and articles in contact with foodstuffs13.060.20Pitna vodaDrinking waterICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12873-1:2003SIST EN 12873-1:2004en01-maj-2004SIST EN 12873-1:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12873-1November 2003ICS 13.060.20; 67.250English versionInfluence of materials on water intended for human consumption- Influence due to migration - Part 1: Test method for non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made productsInfluence sur l'eau des matériaux en contact avec l'eaudestinée à la consommation humaine - Influence de lamigration - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai des matériaux defabrication industrielle, excepté les matériaux métalliques etceux à base de cimentEinfluss von Bedarfsgegenständen auf Trinkwasser -Einfluss infolge der Migration - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren fürnichtmetallische und nicht zementgebundene fabrikmäßighergestellte ProdukteThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 September 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12873-1:2003 ESIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.3Introduction.41Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions.54Principle.75Reagents.75.1Waters to be used for testing.75.2Cleaning liquids for glassware.75.3Other reagents.86Apparatus.87Test samples and test pieces.97.1Sampling, transport and storage of test samples.97.2Test piece preparation.97.3Surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V).108Pretreatment of test pieces.118.1General.118.2Test pieces to be tested at (23 ± 2) °C.118.3Test pieces to be tested at elevated temperature (60 °C to 85 °C).118.4Prewashing.129Test procedure.129.1Migration of substances.129.2Procedural blank tests.139.3Analysis.1310Calculation of test results.1310.1Calculation of the concentration of the substances in the migration water.1310.2Calculation of the migration rate of the measured substances.1410.3Calculation of the mean migration rate.1411Test report.1411.1General information.1411.2Information on the test procedure.1511.3Test results.15Annex A (informative)
Arrangement for flushing pipes with nominal size greater than DN 80.17Annex B (informative)
Additional procedures for testing non-homogeneous products and pipeswith nominal size greater than DN 80.20B.1Arrangements for testing.20B.2Flushing of the test piece.20B.3Blank test.20B.4Sealing.20B.5Calculation of the surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V) value for test arrangement 1 (seeFigure B.1).23Annex C (informative)
Examples of extended collection and analysis of migration waters.25Annex D (informative)
Procedural tests using standard additions (positive controls).26Annex E (informative)
Flow diagrams for migration test procedure for cold water temperature andelevated temperature.27Bibliography.31SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12873-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”,the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at thelatest by May 2004.It has been drawn up with the objective to describe a test method to determine the migration of substances fromnon-metallic and non-cementitious products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.Annex A, which is informative, describes an alternative arrangement for flushing pipes having a nominal sizegreater than DN 80.Annex B, which is informative, describes additional procedures for testing non-homogeneous products and pipeshaving a nominal size greater than DN 80.Annex C, which is informative, describes a schedule for the preparation of migration waters.Annex D, which is informative, describes procedural tests using standard additions (positive controls).Annex E, which is informative, describes the migration test procedure in a schematic manner.This European Standard will be one of a series of standards on test methods which supports the appropriatestandards.This standard, part 1, is the first in a series of standards for dealing with the influence of migration from materialson water intended for human consumption, including:¾ Part 1 : Test method for non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made products;¾ Part 2 : Test method for non-metallic and non-cementitious site-applied materials;¾ Part 3 : Test method for ion exchange and absorbent resins;¾ Part 4 : Test method for membrane water treatment systems.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)4IntroductionIn respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption caused by thematerials, it is called to mind that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European acceptance criteria, therelevant national regulations remain in force.SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)51 ScopeThis European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from non-metallicand non-cementitious factory made or factory applied products for use in contact with water intended forhuman consumption.This standard is applicable to products intended to be used under various conditions for the transport andstorage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of waterintended for human consumption. It covers the extraction by water of substances from the finished products.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply tothis European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).EN ISO 7393-2, Water quality – Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine – Part 2: Colorimetric methodusing N, N-diethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine for routine control purposes (ISO 7393-2:1985).3
Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1testtechnical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product3.2test procedurespecified technical method for performing a test3.3test reportdocument that presents test results and other information relevant to a test3.4test laboratorylaboratory that performs tests3.5productmanufactured item, in its finished form, that comes into contact with water intended for human consumption,or a component part of a manufactured item3.6homogeneous productproduct where the water contact surface is made from the same material as the remainder of the product3.7non-homogeneous productproduct where the water contact surface is made from a material that differs from those comprising theremainder of the productSIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)63.8fitting, ancillarycomplete functional unit made up of one or more components or materials, parts of which are in contact withwater, e.g. taps, valves, water meters, water filters, pipe connectors and flexible hose assemblies3.9test samplesample of a product submitted for testing3.10test piecetest sample, or a part of it, that is tested3.11tap waterwater intended for human consumption(See also 5.1.1).3.12test waterwater used for migration testing(5.1.2 and 5.1.3).3.13disinfection treatment waterwater used for preliminary chlorination (5.1.4)3.14prewashing waterwater used for prewashing (5.1.5)3.15blank watertest water (5.1.2 and 5.1.3) which has been kept at the same specified conditions as migration water (3.18)but without contact with test pieces3.16migration periodperiod of time (24 h or 72h, see clause 4) in which the migration is carried out under specified conditions3.17migrationmovement of a substance or substances from test pieces into test water3.18migration watertest water after exposure to a test piece under specified conditions3.19migration ratemass of a measured substance or substances (in mg) migrating from one square decimetre of a test pieceinto the test water in one day at a specified temperature (°C)3.20lininglayer of material applied to a product and intended to come into contact with water intended for humanconsumption, e.g. the inside surfaces of pipes, fittings or storage vessels. Excluded are layers, such asSIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)7coatings, not intended for contact with water intended for human consumption, e.g. as applied to the outsidesurfaces of pipes and fittings for corrosion protection3.21geomembranesflexible water impermeable membranes normally used to avoid draining of stored water into surrounding soiland sub-soil strata4 PrincipleEach test piece is subjected to a specified pretreatment procedure of stagnation and prewashing. The surface ofthe test piece, that is exposed in practice to water intended for human consumption, is brought into contact withtest water during at least three sequential migration periods. A migration period is either;¾ 72 h at 23 °C for products intended to come into contact with cold water,¾ 24 h at a specified temperature in the range 60 °C to 85 °C for products intended to come into contactwith warm or hot water.Migration rates for the first three migration periods are determined by analysis of the required substances in thecorresponding migration waters.NOTE 1The test is carried out under conditions to ensure that calculation of a reliable migration rate is facilitated.These conditions are not meant to simulate "real use conditions". Relating the results obtained from this standard to "realuse conditions" is carried out using a conversion procedure. This procedure will be specified in regulations.NOTE 2The choice of the type of test water (chlorinated and/or chlorine-free), the temperature of the test water, thenumber of additional migration periods and the necessity for a preliminary chlorination (see clause 8) will be specified byproduct/system standards or national regulations.5 ReagentsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following reagents apply:5.1 Waters to be used for testing5.1.1tap water, water intended for human consumption with a free chlorine content less than 0,2 mg/las Cl2.5.1.2test water, chlorine free water with a conductivity of < 2 mS/m and a total organic content (TOC) of< 0,2 mg/l C, e.g. prepared by reverse osmosis, deionization or distillation, followed by activated carbonfiltration.5.1.3chlorinated test water, test water according to 5.1.2 having an active chlorine content of(1 ± 0,2) mg/l as Cl2 (5.3.1).5.1.4disinfection treatment water, test water according to 5.1.2 having an active chlorine content of(50 ± 5) mg/l as Cl2 (5.3.1).5.1.5prewashing water, tap water (5.1.1).5.2 Cleaning liquids for glassware5.2.1hydrochloric acid, concentrated (30% mass per volume) analytical reagent grade.SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)85.2.2hydrochloric acid solution, prepared by slowly adding (0,5 ± 0,01) l of concentrated hydrochloricacid (5.2.1) to (0,5 ± 0,01) l of test water (5.1.2).NOTECare is needed because the solution may generate heat.5.2.3nitric acid, concentrated (65% mass per volume) analytical reagent grade.5.2.4nitric acid solution, prepared by slowly adding (0,5 ± 0,01) l of concentrated nitric acid (5.2.3) to(0,5 ± 0,01) l of test water (5.1.2).NOTECare is needed because the solution may generate heat.5.2.5sulphuric acid, concentrated (density 1,84 g/ml) analytical reagent grade.5.2.6chromic acid, analytical reagent grade (5% mass per volume) or prepared by dissolving (50 ± 1) g ofchromium (VI) oxide in (1 ± 0,02) l of sulphuric acid (5.2.5).NOTEChromic acid is a storage hazard; it can burst a sealed container due to carbon dioxide release. It is apowerful oxidizer and can give potentially explosive reactions with oxidizable materials. It can ignite on contact withacetone or alcohols. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.5.3 Other reagents5.3.1sodium hypochlorite solution, prepared from a technical or general purpose reagent grade ofsodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), using test water (5.1.2) and having a known concentration of about 0,1 % bymass of free chlorine determined in accordance with EN ISO 7393-2.NOTEUnless tests have proved otherwise the sodium hypochlorite solution should be considered unstable andprepared on the day of use.6 Apparatus6.1Vessels, containers, stoppers and connectors shall consist of a material, such as glass, PTFE orstainless steel, that is inert under the specified test conditions (clause 9).NOTEThe material PTFE should only be used when there is a small contact area with the test water. Thus PTFE isunsuitable for containers.6.2Plates stainless steel, mild steel, (sand-blasted) glass or concrete/cement-mortar plates, for testinglinings or the material itself. The plates shall be covered completely.6.3Equipment, capable of maintaining the appropriate migration temperature, e.g. (23 ± 2) °C, or(60 ± 2) °C to (85 ± 2) °C.6.4CleaningLaboratory glassware, stainless steel plates and sand blasted glass plates shall be cleaned by washing with abiodegradable laboratory detergent, followed by rinsing with either hydrochloric acid solution (5.2.2) (exceptfor stainless steel), nitric acid solution (5.2.4) or chromic acid (5.2.6) and finally by thoroughly rinsing with testwater (5.1.2). Drain the plates and dry them in a hot air cabinet.SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)97 Test samples and test pieces7.1 Sampling, transport and storage of test samplesSample products in accordance with the relevant product/system standard or with the relevant nationalregulations when applicable.Ensure that the surface of test pieces intended to come into contact with test water shall be free fromadhesive tape, labels, ink or pencil marks. Care shall be taken to ensure that the transport and storageconditions shall not influence the test results.NOTE 1If the test samples have to be stored, then this should be done in the absence of light at (23 ± 5) °C, instainless steel containers, tissue-paper, glassware or other materials, which do not influence the results of the migrationtest, except where the supplier of the test samples provides alternative written storage instructions which are those thatthe products are subject to in practice.NOTE 2Storage envelopes or pockets should not be sealed, dusting powder should not be used and cleaning shouldnot be carried out unless any of these procedures form part of the usual production procedures. Where appropriate,storage containers should be cleaned using the same procedures as are used for the test containers.7.2 Test piece preparation7.2.1 GeneralPrepare test pieces in such a way that only the surface intended to come into contact with water intended forhuman consumption is exposed to the test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3).For homogeneous materials it is acceptable to expose the whole test piece to the test water, includingsurfaces not intended to come into contact with water intended for human consumption. Calculate the totalsurface area of the test piece. The calculation of the surface-area-to-volume (S/V) ratio (7.3) shall include thetotal surface area of the test piece.NOTEIf a homogeneous product has to be cut to obtain the required test piece size, this should be done in a mannerthat ensures the area of the cut edges is as small as possible.7.2.2 Pipes and hoses7.2.2.1Use the internal diameter for the S/V ratio calculation.7.2.2.2Assess migration from pipes with an internal diameter £ DN 80 by using pipes as test vessels witha length that provides sufficient migration water for analysis.7.2.2.3Migration from pipes with an internal diameter > DN 80, where the internal and external surfaceshave the same properties, can be assessed by either immersing pipe segments in test water (5.1.2 and/or5.1.3) in glass containers or using one of the test arrangements detailed in annex B.7.2.2.4Test pieces from composite pipes, i.e. pipes whose internal and external surfaces have differentproperties, with an internal diameter > DN 80, shall be tested in such a way that only the surface areaintended to come into contact with water intended for human consumption is exposed to the test water (5.1.2and/or 5.1.3). Suitable arrangements are given in annex B.7.2.3 Fittings and ancillaries7.2.3.1The number of fittings or ancillaries to be tested has to be chosen in such a way that therequirements described in 7.2.1 are satisfied.7.2.3.2Assess migration from fittings and ancillaries by immersion according to the requirementsdescribed in 7.2.1.SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)107.2.4 Factory applied linings7.2.4.1Test pieces with factory applied linings shall be prepared as described in 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3.7.2.4.2If it is not possible to test the original final product then test pieces shall be prepared by themanufacturer or a contractor in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions under supervision ofthe responsible body. Test panels/plates shall be fully coated in accordance with the standard factoryprocedure. If this is impractical, then a method giving an equivalent product surface to that produced by thestandard factory procedure shall be used.7.2.4.3Assess migration from other linings applied to other products by immersing plates (e.g. stainlesssteel or (sand blasted) glass plates), completely coated with the product, in the test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3).7.2.4.4The number of coated plates has to be chosen in such a way that they meet the requirements of7.3.1 when tested in containers (6.1) that are completely filled with test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3) and closedwith a lid.7.2.5 Geomembranes7.2.5.1Geomembranes (3.21) may be homogeneous (composed of one material only) or non-homogeneous (comprising a complex laminate system of several materials).7.2.5.2Assess migration from geomembranes, if homogeneous, by immersing test pieces in the testwater (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3). If non-homogeneous go to 7.2.7.7.2.6 Other homogeneous products7.2.6.1Migration from these products shall be assessed using test pieces immersed in the test water(5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3).7.2.7 Other non-homogeneous products7.2.7.1Test pieces derived from non-homogeneous products shall have the same composition andstructure as the finished products.7.2.7.2Test the test pieces in such a way that only the surface intended to come into contact with waterintended for human consumption is exposed to the test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3). (See also annex B).7.3 Surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V).7.3.1The ratio of the surface area (S) of the test piece intended to come into contact with test water tothe volume (V) of the test water shall be expressed per decimeter, i.e dm-1 (which is dm2/dm3 or dm2/l). Use asurface area-to-volume ratio in the range of 5 dm-1– 40 dm-1.NOTEThe S/V ratio can be specified by product or system standards or national regulations.7.3.2If the test piece has an irregular or textured surface then, for calculations, the surface isconsidered to be smooth. If the shape of the test piece is such that accurate calculation of the surface isimpracticable then use an estimated surface area of the test piece. In this case the length and width shall berecorded together with a sufficiently detailed description of the product(s) to enable further test pieces to beprepared that will be within ± 10% of the surface area of the original test piece.NOTEThe supplier of the test samples should be instructed to ensure that they represent the product as it is used incontact with water intended for human consumption.SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)118 Pretreatment of test pieces8.1 General8.1.1Test pieces are pretreated prior to migration testing by procedures involving flushing, stagnation andprewashing.8.1.2If required a disinfection treatment (stagnation) at (23 ± 2) °C is carried out.NOTEThe disinfection treatment is optional. The requirement to carry out this stage will be specified in the relevantproduct/system standard or by national regulations.8.1.3If it is not possible, because of laboratory time constraints, to carry out the pretreatment and testprocedure without a break, the break shall be during the pretreatment procedure. The migration periods shallbe consecutive and without a break.8.2 Test pieces to be tested at (23 ± 2) °C8.2.1 Flushing8.2.1.1If possible, flush test pieces with flowing tap water (5.1.1) for (60 ± 5) min with a speed of 1 m/minto 3 m/min.NOTEIn order to avoid the use of large quantities of water the arrangement described in annex A can be used toflush large diameter products.8.2.1.2Test pieces which cannot be flushed shall be placed in an appropriate vessel, e.g. a bucket,having a flow of water from the bottom upwards such that the calculated speed with regard to the upper opensurface of the vessel is 1 m/min to 3 m/min for (60 ± 5) min.8.2.2 Stagnation with test water8.2.2.1Test pieces shall be immersed in, or filled with, test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3) for a period of(24 ± 1) h at (23 ± 2) °C.8.2.2.2Remove the water.8.2.2.3Prewash the test pieces according to 8.4.8.2.3 Stagnation with disinfection treatment water8.2.3.1Test pieces shall be immersed in, or filled with, disinfection treatment water (5.1.4) for a period of(24 ± 1) h at (23 ± 2) °C.8.2.3.2Remove the water.8.2.3.3Prewash the test pieces according to 8.4.8.3 Test pieces to be tested at elevated temperature (60 °C to 85 °C)8.3.1 FlushingFlush test pieces according to 8.2.1SIST EN 12873-1:2004
EN 12873-1:2003 (E)128.3.2 Stagnation with disinfection treatment water at (23 ± 2) °CIf stagnation with disinfection treatment water prior to stagnation with test water (8.3.2) is required thenstagnation shall be carried out according to 8.2.3.8.3.3 Stagnation with test water at elevated temperature8.3.3.1Test pieces shall be immersed in, or filled with, test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3) for a period of(24 ± 1) h at the elevated temperature.8.3.3.2Remove the water.8.3.3.3Prewash the test pieces according to 8.4.8.4 Prewashing8.4.1Flush test pieces according to 8.2.18.4.2Rinse the test pieces with test water (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3) for 2 min.NOTE In order to avoid the use of large quantities of water the arrangement described in annex A can be used toflush large diameter products.9 Test procedure9.1 Migration of substances9.1.1Carry out each the test for each test water type (5.1.2 and/or 5.1.3).NOTE 1The number of tests to be carried out, e.g. single tests or duplicates for each water type, will be specified innational regulations. As guidance the method
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