SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

• Abstract:

  Editorial revision to make changes consequent to the publication of ETS 300 698-2 and add technical changes from ERM#10

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• ICS: 47.020.70 - Navigation and control equipment
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1 (2000-03) - ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio telephone transmitters and receivers for the maritime mobile service operating in the VHF bands used on inland waterways; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement

Overview

SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003 sets the technical and measurement requirements for VHF radio telephone transmitters and receivers operating within the maritime mobile service on inland waterways. Developed by the Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo (SIST) in alignment with ETSI guidelines, this standard ensures that communication equipment used aboard inland waterway vessels is reliable, safe, and compliant with European and international radio regulations. The standard plays a crucial role in supporting maritime safety, navigation, and regulatory enforcement by specifying minimum technical characteristics and performance benchmarks for VHF radio equipment.

Key Topics

• Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): Details requirements ensuring radio equipment minimizes electromagnetic interference, promoting effective and safe operations in complex maritime environments.
• Technical Characteristics of VHF Equipment: Defines requirements for construction, controls, indicators, and switching times to ensure durability and effective user operation.
• Methods of Measurement: Specifies standardized test methods to assess transmitter and receiver performance, including power output, frequency error, audio characteristics, and environmental resilience.
• Test Conditions: Outlines environmental and operating conditions under which measurements should be performed, including normal and extreme temperatures, power supply variations, and humidity conditions.
• Automatic Transmitter Identification System (ATIS): Specifies technical requirements and testing procedures for ATIS, mandatory in many European inland waterways to allow vessel identification and improve radio channel management.
• Safety and Labeling: Covers safety precautions and the need for clear labeling, ensuring equipment can be safely integrated and maintained on board ships.

Applications

This standard is essential across several practical scenarios in inland waterway operations:

• Maritime Communication Equipment Certification: Ensures that VHF radio transmitters and receivers installed on vessels meet regulatory standards for performance and safety, facilitating certification and market access.
• Vessel Operations on Inland Waterways: Supports safe vessel navigation, coordination, and emergency communications by mandating robust and clear two-way radio communication capabilities, especially where traffic is dense or restricted.
• Regulatory Compliance: Provides guidance for manufacturers, shipbuilders, and authorities conducting conformance assessments, helping ensure equipment complies with European and international maritime telecommunications regulations.
• Interoperability: Supports seamless integration with other navigation and communication systems onboard, as well as compatibility with international maritime radio bands (156–174 MHz), including necessary features such as Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and ATIS.

Related Standards

SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003 is part of a broader ecosystem of standards aimed at maritime safety and radio spectrum management:

• SIST EN 300 698-2: Focused on alignment with specific regulatory directives for equipment placed on the European market.
• ETSI EN 300 338: Covers technical characteristics and measurement methods for equipment generating, transmitting, and receiving DSC messages in maritime mobile services.
• IEC 61162-1: Addresses digital interfaces for maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and systems.
• ISO 694: Pertains to the positioning of magnetic compasses on ships, ensuring navigational accuracy alongside compliant radio equipment.
• ITU-T and ITU-R Recommendations: Provide foundational telecommunications and radio spectrum guidelines referenced throughout the standard.

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By adhering to SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003, maritime organizations, manufacturers, and authorities can ensure VHF radio equipment for inland waterways delivers high standards of performance, interoperability, and safety, supporting maritime communication requirements across Europe’s vital inland shipping routes.

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.LWHYElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio telephone transmitters and receivers for the maritime mobile service operating in the VHF bands used on inland waterways; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement47.020.70Navigacijska in krmilna opremaNavigation and control equipment33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.20Sprejemna in oddajna opremaReceiving and transmitting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 300 698-1 Version 1.2.1SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)EuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);RadiotelephonetransmittersandreceiversforthemaritimemobileserviceoperatingintheVHFbandsusedoninlandwaterways;Part1:TechnicalcharacteristicsandmethodsofmeasurementSIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)2ReferenceREN/ERM-RP01-037-1Keywordsmaritime,radio,VHFETSI650RoutedesLuciolesF-06921SophiaAntipolisCedex-FRANCETel.:[phone]Fax:[phone]SiretN°34862356200017-NAF742CAssociationàbutnonlucratifenregistréeàlaSous-PréfecturedeGrasse(06)N°7803/88ImportantnoticeIndividualcopiesofthepresentdocumentcanbedownloadedfrom:http://www.etsi.orgThepresentdocumentmaybemadeavailableinmorethanoneelectronicversionorinprint.Inanycaseofexistingorperceiveddifferenceincontentsbetweensuchversions,thereferenceversionisthePortableDocumentFormat(PDF).Incaseofdispute,thereferenceshallbetheprintingonETSIprintersofthePDFversionkeptonaspecificnetworkdrivewithinETSISecretariat.Usersofthepresentdocumentshouldbeawarethatthedocumentmaybesubjecttorevisionorchangeofstatus.InformationonthecurrentstatusofthisandotherETSIdocumentsisavailableathttp://www.etsi.org/tb/status/Ifyoufinderrorsinthepresentdocument,sendyourcommentto:[e-mail]opartmaybereproducedexceptasauthorizedbywrittenpermission.Thecopyrightandtheforegoingrestrictionextendtoreproductioninallmedia.©EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute2000.Allrightsreserved.SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)3ContentsIntellectualPropertyRights.7Foreword.7Introduction.71Scope.82References.83Definitionsandabbreviations.93.1Definitions.93.2Abbreviations.94Generalrequirements.94.1Construction.94.2Controlsandindicators.104.3Handsetandloudspeaker.104.4Switchingtime.104.5Safetyprecautions.104.6Classofemissionandmodulationcharacteristics.114.7FacilitiesforDSCtransmissionandreception.114.8Labelling.114.9Warmup.125Testconditions,powersourcesandambienttemperatures.125.1Normalandextremetestconditions.125.2Testpowersource.125.3Normaltestconditions.125.3.1Normaltemperatureandhumidity.125.3.2Normalpowersources.125.3.2.1Mainsvoltageandfrequency.125.3.2.2Batterypowersource.125.3.2.3Otherpowersources.125.4Extremetestconditions.135.4.1Extremetemperatures.135.4.2Extremevaluesoftestpowersources.135.4.2.1Mainsvoltage.135.4.2.2Batterypowersource.135.4.2.3Otherpowersources.135.5Procedurefortestsatextremetemperatures.136Generalconditionsofmeasurement.146.1Arrangementsfortestsignalsappliedtothereceiver.146.2Squelch.146.3Normaltestmodulation.146.4Artificialantenna.146.5Arrangementsfortestsignalsappliedtothetransmitter.146.6Testsonequipmentwithaduplexfilter.146.7Testchannels.146.8Measurementuncertaintyandinterpretationofthemeasuredresults.156.8.1Measurementuncertainty.156.8.2Interpretationofthemeasurementresults.157Environmentaltests.157.1Introduction.157.2Procedure.167.3Performancecheck.167.4Vibration.167.5Dampheatcycle.17SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)48Transmitter.178.1Frequencyerror.178.1.1Definition.178.1.2Methodofmeasurement.178.1.3Limits.178.2Carrierpower.178.2.1Definitions.178.2.2Methodofmeasurement.178.2.3Limits.188.2.3.1Normaltestconditions.188.2.3.2Extremetestconditions.188.3Frequencydeviation.188.3.1Definition.188.3.2Maximumfrequencydeviation.188.3.2.1Methodofmeasurement.188.3.2.2Limits.188.3.3Frequencydeviationatmodulationfrequenciesabove3kHz.188.3.3.1Methodofmeasurement.188.3.3.2Limits.188.4Limitationcharacteristicsofthemodulator.198.4.1Definition.198.4.2Methodofmeasurement.198.4.3Limits.198.5Sensitivityofthemodulator,includingmicrophone.198.5.1Definition.198.5.2Methodofmeasurement.208.5.3Limits.208.6Audiofrequencyresponse.208.6.1Definition.208.6.2Methodofmeasurement.208.6.3Limit.208.7Audiofrequencyharmonicdistortionoftheemission.218.7.1Definition.218.7.2Methodofmeasurement.218.7.2.1Normaltestconditions.228.7.2.2Extremetestconditions.228.7.3Limit.228.8Adjacentchannelpower.228.8.1Definition.228.8.2Methodofmeasurement.228.8.3Limits.228.9Conductedspuriousemissionsconveyedtotheantenna.238.9.1Definition.238.9.2Methodofmeasurement.238.9.3Limit.238.10Residualmodulationofthetransmitter.238.10.1Definition.238.10.2Methodofmeasurement.238.10.3Limit.238.11Transientfrequencybehaviourofthetransmitter.238.11.1Definitions.238.11.2Methodofmeasurement.248.11.3Limits.258.12Cabinetradiationandconductedspuriousemissionsotherthanthoseconveyedtotheantenna.278.12.1Definitions.278.12.2Methodofmeasurement.278.12.3Limits.289Receiver.289.1Harmonicdistortionandratedaudiofrequencyoutputpower.289.1.1Definition.28SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)59.1.2Methodofmeasurement.289.1.3Limits.299.2Audiofrequencyresponse.299.2.1Definition.299.2.2Methodofmeasurement.299.2.3Limits.299.3Maximumusablesensitivity.309.3.1Definition.309.3.2Methodofmeasurement.309.3.3Limits.319.4Co-channelrejection.319.4.1Definition.319.4.2Methodofmeasurement.319.4.3Limit.319.5Adjacentchannelselectivity.319.5.1Definition.319.5.2Methodofmeasurement.319.5.3Limits.329.6Spuriousresponserejection.329.6.1Definition.329.6.2Methodofmeasurement.329.6.3Limit.329.7Intermodulationresponse.329.7.1Definition.329.7.2Methodofmeasurement.339.7.3Limit.339.8Blockingordesensitization.339.8.1Definition.339.8.2Methodofmeasurement.339.8.3Limit.339.9Conductedspuriousemissionsconveyedtotheantenna.349.9.1Definition.349.9.2Methodofmeasurement.349.9.3Limit.349.10Amplituderesponseofthereceiverlimiter.349.10.1Definition.349.10.2Methodofmeasurement.349.10.3Limit.349.11Receivernoiseandhumlevel.349.11.1Definition.349.11.2Methodofmeasurement.359.11.3Limit.359.12Squelchoperation.359.12.1Definition.359.12.2Methodofmeasurement.359.12.3Limits.359.13Squelchhysteresis.369.13.1Definition.369.13.2Methodofmeasurement.369.13.3Limit.369.14Radiatedspuriousemissions.369.14.1Definition.369.14.2Methodofmeasurements.369.14.3Limit.3710Duplexoperation.3710.1Receiverdesensitizationwithsimultaneoustransmissionandreception.3710.1.1Definition.3710.1.2Methodofmeasurement.3710.1.3Limits.3810.2Receiverspuriousresponserejection.38SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)6AnnexA(normative):Powermeasuringreceiver.39A.1Powermeasuringreceiverspecification.39A.1.1IFfilter.39A.1.2Attenuationindicator.40A.1.3RMSvalueindicator.40A.1.4Oscillatorandamplifier.40AnnexB(normative):AutomaticTransmitterIdentificationSystem(ATIS).41B.1Systemdescription.41B.1.1General.41B.1.2Technicalrequirements.41B.1.3Signalrequirements.41B.1.4FormatofanATISsignalsequence.42B.1.5Dotpattern.43B.1.6Phasing.43B.1.7Formatspecifier.44B.1.8Identification.44B.1.9Endofsequence.44B.1.10Errorcheckcharacter.44B.1.11ConversionofacallsigntoMID.44B.2ATISencoder.46B.2.1Internallygeneratedsignals.46B.2.2Frequencyerror(demodulatedsignal).46B.2.2.1Definition.46B.2.2.2Methodofmeasurement.46B.2.2.3Limits.46B.2.3Modulationindex.46B.2.3.1Definition.46B.2.3.2Methodofmeasurement.46B.2.3.3Limits.46B.2.4Modulationrate.46B.2.4.1Definition.46B.2.4.2Methodofmeasurement.47B.2.4.3Limits.47B.2.5TestingoftheATISformat.47AnnexC(normative):ConversionofaradiocallsignintoanATISidentification.48History.49SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)7IntellectualPropertyRightsIPRsessentialorpotentiallyessentialtothepresentdocumentmayhavebeendeclaredtoETSI.TheinformationpertainingtotheseessentialIPRs,ifany,ispubliclyavailableforETSImembersandnon-members,andcanbefoundinETSISR000314:"IntellectualPropertyRights(IPRs);Essential,orpotentiallyEssential,IPRsnotifiedtoETSIinrespectofETSIstandards",whichisavailablefromtheETSISecretariat.LatestupdatesareavailableontheETSIWebserver(http://www.etsi.org/ipr).PursuanttotheETSIIPRPolicy,noinvestigation,includingIPRsearches,hasbeencarriedoutbyETSI.NoguaranteecanbegivenastotheexistenceofotherIPRsnotreferencedinETSISR000314(ortheupdatesontheETSIWebserver)whichare,ormaybe,ormaybecome,essentialtothepresentdocument.ForewordThisEuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)hasbeenproducedbyETSITechnicalCommitteeElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM).Thepresentdocumentispart1ofamulti-partdeliverablecoveringtheElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadioSpectrumMatters(ERM);RadiotelephonetransmittersandreceiversforthemaritimemobileserviceoperatingintheVHFbandsusedoninlandwaterways,asidentifiedbelow:Part1:"Technicalcharacteristicsandmethodsofmeasurement";Part2:"HarmonizedENunderarticle3.2oftheR&TTEDirective";Part3:"HarmonizedENunderarticle3.3(e)oftheR&TTEDirective".NationaltranspositiondatesDateofadoptionofthisEN:21July2000DateoflatestannouncementofthisEN(doa):31October2000DateoflatestpublicationofnewNationalStandardorendorsementofthisEN(dop/e):30April2001DateofwithdrawalofanyconflictingNationalStandard(dow):30April2001IntroductionThepresentdocumenthasbeenproducedbyETSIinresponsetoamandatefromtheEuropeanCommissionissuedunderCouncilDirective98/34/EC[9]layingdownaprocedurefortheprovisionofinformationinthefieldoftechnicalstandardsandregulations.SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)81ScopeThepresentdocumentlaysdowntheminimumrequirementsforVHFradiotransmittersandreceiversoperatingonboardshipsinfrequencybandsallocatedtothemaritimemobileservice,usedoninlandwaterwaysasdefinedbyRegionalAgreementsorresponsibleAdministrations.ThepresentdocumentappliestoVHFtransmittersandreceiversfittedwitha50Ωexternalantennasocketorconnectorforuseonboardshipsoninlandwaterwaysandoperatinginthebandsbetween156and174MHzallocatedtothemaritimemobileservicebytheRadioRegulations[1],appendices18and19.ForcountrieswheretheAutomaticTransmitterIdentificationSystem(ATIS)ismandatory,therequirementsofannexBapply.2ReferencesThefollowingdocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthepresentdocument.• Referencesareeitherspecific(identifiedbydateofpublication,editionnumber,versionnumber,etc.)ornon-specific.• Foraspecificreference,subsequentrevisionsdonotapply.• Foranon-specificreference,subsequentrevisionsdoapply.• Anon-specificreferencetoanETSshallalsobetakentorefertolaterversionspublishedasanENwiththesamenumber.[1]ITURadioRegulations(1990Revisedin1994).[2]ITU-TRecommendationE.161(1993):"Arrangementofdigits,lettersandsymbolsontelephonesandotherdevicesthatcanbeusedforgainingaccesstoatelephonenetwork".[3]ETSIEN300338:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);Technicalcharacteristicsandmethodsofmeasurementforequipmentforgeneration,transmissionandreceptionofDigitalSelectiveCalling(DSC)inthemaritimeMF,MF/HFand/orVHFmobileservice".[4]IEC61162-1:"Maritimenavigationandradiocommunicationequipmentandsystems-Digitalinterfaces-Part1:Singletalkerandmultiplelisteners".[5]ISO694:"Shipsandmarinetechnology-Positioningofmagneticcompassesinships".[6]ETSIETR028:"RadioEquipmentandSystems(RES);Uncertaintiesinthemeasurementofmobileradioequipmentcharacteristics".[7]ITU-TRecommendationP.53:"Psophometerforuseontelephone-typecircuits".[8]ITU-RRecommendationM.493:"Digitalselective-callingsystemforuseinthemaritimemobileservice".[9]CouncilDirective98/34/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof22June1998layingdownaprocedurefortheprovisionofinformationinthefieldoftechnicalstandardsandregulations.SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)93Definitionsandabbreviations3.1DefinitionsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgivenintheRadioRegulations[1]apply.3.2AbbreviationsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingabbreviationsapply:adamplitudedifferenceATISAutomaticTransmitterIdentificationSystemDSCDigitalSelectiveCallingDXfirsttransmissionemfelectromotiveforcefdfrequencydifferenceRFRadioFrequencyrmsrootmeansquareRXre-transmissionSINADSignal+Noise+Distortion/Noise+DistortionVSWRVoltageStandingWaveRatio4Generalrequirements4.1ConstructionThemechanicalandelectricalconstructionandfinishoftheequipmentshallconforminallrespectstogoodengineeringpractice,andtheequipmentshallbesuitableforuseonboardships.Allcontrolsshallbeofsufficientsizetoenabletheusualcontrolfunctionstobeeasilyperformedandthenumberofcontrolsshouldbetheminimumnecessaryforsimpleandsatisfactoryoperation.Forthepurposeofconformancetesting,relevanttechnicaldocumentationshallbesuppliedwiththeequipment.TheVHFmaritimemobileserviceusesbothsingle-frequencyandtwo-frequencychannels.Fortwo-frequencychannelstheRadioRegulationsrequireaseparationof4,6MHzbetweenthetransmittingfrequencyandthereceivingfrequency.Theequipmentshallbecapableofoperatingonsinglefrequencyandtwo-frequencychannelswithmanualcontrol(simplex).Itmayalsobecapableofoperatingontwo-frequencychannelswithoutmanualcontrol(duplex).Noscanningormultiplewatchfacilitiesshallbeimplemented.TheequipmentshallbeabletooperateonallchannelsdefinedintheRadioRegulations[1],appendix18.Operationonchannels75and76shallbepreventedbyappropriatemeans.Theequipmentshallbesodesignedthatuseofchannel70forpurposesotherthanDigitalSelectiveCalling(DSC)isprevented.TheAdministrationmaygrantpermissionforoneormorechannelsinadditiontothoseasdefinedbytheRadioRegulations[1],appendix18.Thepossibilitytoapplyautomaticpowerreductiontoanyofthesechannelsshallbeavailable.Itshallnotbepossiblefortheusertochangetheprogrammedsettingsofthesechannels.Theoutputpowershallbeautomaticallylimitedtoavaluebetween0,5and1Wonthefollowingchannels:-6,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,71,72,74and77.SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)10Itshallnotbepossibletotransmitwhileanyfrequencysynthesizerusedwithinthetransmitterisoutoflock.Itshallnotbepossibletotransmitduringchannelswitchingoperations.4.2ControlsandindicatorsTheequipmentshallhaveachannelselectorandshallindicatethedesignator,asshownintheRadioRegulations[1],appendix18,ofthechannelatwhichtheinstallationisset.Thechanneldesignatorshallbelegibleirrespectiveoftheexternallightingconditions.Whereaninputpanelontheequipmentforenteringthedigits0-9isprovided,thisshallconformtoITU-TRecommendationE.161[2].Theequipmentshallhavethefollowingadditionalcontrolsandindicators:-anon/offswitchfortheentireinstallationwithavisualindicationthattheinstallationisinoperation;-amanualnon-lockingpushtotalkswitchtooperatethetransmitter;-amanualswitchforreducingthetransmitteroutputpowertoavaluebetween0,5and1W;-anaudiofrequencypowervolumecontrolnotaffectingtheaudiolevelofthehandset;-asquelchcontrol;-acontrolforreducingthebrightnessoftheequipmentilluminationtozero;-anoutputpowerdetectorgivingavisualindicationthatthecarrierisbeingproduced.Theequipmentshallalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:-theusershallnothaveaccesstoanycontrolwhich,ifwronglyset,mightimpairthetechnicalcharacteristicsoftheequipment;-iftheaccessiblecontrolsarelocatedonaseparateconsoleandiftherearetwoormorecontrolconsoles,oneoftheconsolesshallhavepriorityovertheothers.Iftherearetwoormorecontrolconsoles,theoperationofoneconsoleshallbeindicatedontheotherconsoles.4.3HandsetandloudspeakerTheequipmentshallbefittedwithanintegralloudspeakerand/orasocketforanexternalloudspeakerandshallhavethefacilitytobefittedwithatelephonehandsetoramicrophone.Duringtransmissioninsimplexoperationthereceiveroutputshallbemuted.Duringtransmissioninduplexoperation,onlythehandsetshallbeoperative.Measuresshallbetakentoensurecorrectoperationwhenduplexisusedandprecautionsshallbetakentopreventharmfulelectricaloracousticfeedbackwhichmightproduceoscillations.4.4SwitchingtimeThechannelswitchingarrangementshallbesuchthatthetimenecessarytochangeoverfromusingoneofthechannelstousinganyotherchanneldoesnotexceed5s.Thetimenecessarytochangeoverfromtransmissiontoreceptionorviceversa,shallnotexceed0,3s.4.5SafetyprecautionsMeasuresshallbetakentoprotecttheequipmentagainsttheeffectsofovercurrentorovervoltage.SIST EN 300 698-1 V1.2.1:2003

ETSIETSIEN300698-1V1.2.1(2000-08)11Measuresshallbetakentopreventdamagetotheequipmentiftheelectricalpowersourceproducestransientvoltagevariationsandtopreventanydamagethatmightarisefromanaccidentalreversalofpolarityoftheelectricalpowersource.Meansshallbeprovidedforearthingexposedmetallicpartsoftheequipmentbutthisshallnotcauseanyterminalofthesourceofelectricalenergytobeearthed.Allcomponentsandwiringinwhichthedcoracvoltage(otherthanradio-frequencyvoltage)produce,singlyorincombination,peakvoltagesinexcessof50Vshallbeprotectedagainstanyaccidentalaccessandshallbeautomaticallyisolatedfromallelectricalpowersourcesiftheprotectivecoversareremoved.Alternatively,theequipmentshallbeconstructedinsuchawayastopreventaccesstocomponentsoperatingatsuchvoltagesunlessanappropriatetoolisusedsuchasanut-spannerorscrewdriver.Conspicuouswarninglabelsshallbeaffixedbothinsidetheequipmentandontheprotectivecovers.Nodamagetotheequipmentshalloccurwhentheantennaportisplacedonopencircuitorshortcircuitforaperiodofatleast5minutesineachcase.Inordertoprovideprotectionagainstdamageduetothebuildupofstaticvoltagesattheantennaport,thereshallbeadcpathfromtheantennaporttochassisnotexceeding100kΩ.Theinformationinanyvolatilememorydeviceshallbeprotectedfrominterruptionsinthepowersupplyofupto60sduration.4.6ClassofemissionandmodulationcharacteristicsTheequipmentshallusephasemodulation,G3E(frequencymodulationwithapre-emphasisof6dB/octave)forspeech,andG2BforATISandDSCsignallingwhereprovided.Theequipmentshallbedesignedtooperatewithachannelseparationof25kHz.Thefrequencydeviation(G3E)correspondingto100%modulationshallbe5kHzasnearlyaspracticable.4.7FacilitiesforDSCtransmissionandreceptionVHFtransm
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