SIST EN 17199-4:2019
(Main)Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 4: Small rotating drum method
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 4: Small rotating drum method
This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the small rotating drum method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b) the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
c) the measurement of the number-based size distribution of the released aerosol in the size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm,
d) the quantification of the initial dustiness emission rate and the time to reach 50 % of the total particle number released during testing, and
e) the characterization of the aerosol from its particle size distribution and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing nano-objects or submicrometer particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1 Currently no number based classification scheme in terms of particle number and emission rate has been established for powder dustiness. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2 The small rotating drum method has been applied to test the dustiness of a range of materials including nanoparticle oxides, nanoflakes, organoclays, clays, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, organic pigments, and pharmaceutical active ingredients. The method has thereby been proven to enable testing of a many different materials that can contain nanomaterials as the main component.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 4: Verfahren mit kleiner rotierender Trommel
Diese Europäische Norm enthält die Methodik für die Messung und Charakterisierung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die Nanoobjekte oder Partikel im Submikrometerbereich enthalten oder unter wiederholbaren und Standardbedingungen freisetzen, und legt zu diesem Zweck das Verfahren mit kleiner rotierender Trommel fest.
Darüber hinaus legt diese Europäische Norm die Auswahl der Instrumente und Vorrichtungen sowie die Verfahren für die Berechnung und Präsentation der Ergebnisse fest. Des Weiteren enthält die Norm eine Anleitung für die Auswertung und Angabe der Daten.
Die in dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegte Methodik ermöglicht
a) die Berechnung des Massenanteils an alveolengängigem Staub,
b) die Messung des zahlenbasierten Staubindex alveolengängiger Partikel im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 1 000 nm,
c) die Messung der zahlenbasierten Größenverteilung des freigesetzten Aerosols im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 10 µm,
d) die Quantifizierung der ersten Staubemissionsrate und der Dauer bis zur Erreichung von 50 % der während der Prüfung freigesetzten Gesamtpartikelzahl und
e) die Charakterisierung des Aerosols auf der Grundlage seiner Partikelgrößenverteilung und der Morphologie und chemischen Zusammensetzung seiner Partikel.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für die Prüfung einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Schüttgüter einschließlich Pulver, Granulate oder Pellets, die Nanoobjekte oder Partikel im Submikrometerbereich in ungebundener, gebundener und unbeschichteter und beschichteter Form enthalten oder freisetzen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Bisher wurde noch kein zahlenbasiertes Klassifizierungsschema für das Staubungsverhalten von Pulver im Hinblick auf die Partikelzahl und das Emissionsverhalten entwickelt. Schließlich, wenn eine große Anzahl an Messdaten vorliegt, ist beabsichtigt, diese Europäische Norm zu revidieren und ein solches Klassifizierungsschema einzuführen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Das Verfahren mit kleiner rotierender Trommel wurde angewendet, um das Staubungsverhalten verschiedener Materialien, einschließlich Nanopartikeloxide, Nanoplättchen, Organokaolin, Ton, Kohlenschwarz, Graphit, Carbon-Nanoröhrchen, organischer Pigmente und pharmazeutischer aktiver Inhaltsstoffe zu prüfen. Das Verfahren ermöglicht daher nachweislich die Prüfung vieler verschiedener Materialien, die Nanomaterialien als Hauptkomponente enthalten können.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA) ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 4: Méthode impliquant l'utilisation d'un petit tambour rotatif
Le présent document décrit la méthodologie permettant de mesurer et de caractériser le pouvoir de resuspension de matériaux en vrac contenant ou émettant des NOAA ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire dans des conditions normalisées et reproductibles et spécifie, à cette fin, le but de la méthode du petit tambour rotatif.
Le présent document spécifie le choix des instruments et dispositifs ainsi que les procédures de calcul et d’expression des résultats. Il fournit également des lignes directrices concernant l’évaluation et la consignation des données.
La méthodologie décrite dans le présent document permet :
a) le mesurage de la fraction massique des poussières alvéolaires ;
b) le mesurage de l’indice du pouvoir de resuspension en nombre de particules alvéolaires dans la plage granulométrique comprise entre environ 10 nm et 1 µm ;
c) le mesurage du taux initial d’émission en nombre et du temps nécessaire pour atteindre 50 % du nombre total de particules libérées au cours des essais ;
d) le mesurage de la distribution granulométrique en nombre des particules d’aérosol libérées dans la plage granulométrique comprise entre environ 10 nm 10 µm ;
e) la collecte des particules en suspension dans l’air libérées dans la fraction massique des poussières alvéolaires pour des observations et une analyse supplémentaires par microscopie électronique.
NOTE 1 La plage granulométrique décrite ci-dessus a été établie sur la base de l’équipement utilisé au cours des recherches préalables à la normalisation [8].
Le présent document est applicable aux essais relatifs à une gamme étendue de matériaux en vrac, y compris des matériaux granulaires, en poudre ou sous forme de pastilles contenant ou émettant des NOAA ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire sous formes revêtues, non revêtues, liées et non liées.
NOTE 2 Jusqu’à présent, aucun système de classification basé sur le nombre en termes de nombre de particules et de taux d’émission n’a été établi concernant l’aptitude à l’empoussièrement des poudres. Dès lors que des données de mesure seront disponibles en grand nombre, il est prévu de réviser le présent document et d’introduire un tel système de classification, le cas échéant.
NOTE 3 La méthode du petit tambour rotatif a été employée pour déterminer le pouvoir de resuspension d’une gamme de matériaux parmi lesquels des nanoparticules d’oxydes, des nanoflocons, des argiles organiques, des argiles, du noir de carbone, du graphite, des nanotubes de carbone, des pigments organiques et des ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs. Ainsi, il s’est avéré que la méthode était appropriée pour les essais relatifs à un grand nombre de matériaux différents pouvant contenir des nanomatériaux en tant que composant principal.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Meritve prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo respirabilne nanopredmete ter njihove agregate in aglomerate (NOAA) in druge respirabilne delce - 4. del: Metoda z majhnim vrtečim bobnom
Ta evropski standard določa metodologijo za merjenje in opredelitev prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo nanopredmete ali submikrometrske delce v standardnih in ponovljivih pogojih, ter za ta namen določa metodo z majhnim vrtečim bobnom.
Poleg tega navaja ta evropski standard tudi izbiro instrumentov in naprav ter postopke za izračun in predstavitev rezultatov. Podaja tudi smernice za vrednotenje in poročanje podatkov.
Metodologija, ki je opisana v tem evropskem standardu, omogoča:
a) merjenje masnega deleža pri respirabilni prašnosti,
b) merjenje indeksa prašnosti respirabilnih delcev na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 1000 nm,
c) merjenje porazdelitve velikosti sproščenega aerosola na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 10 µm,
d) kvantifikacija začetne stopnje prašnih emisij in časa, dokler ni doseženih 50 % skupnega števila delcev, sproščenih med preskušanjem, in
e) karakterizacijo aerosola na podlagi porazdelitve velikosti delcev ter morfologije in kemijske sestave njegovih delcev.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za preskušanje širokega nabora razsutih materialov, vključno s praški, granulami in peleti, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo nanopredmete ali submikrometrske delce v nevezani, vezani, prevlečeni ali neprevlečeni obliki.
OPOMBA 1: Za prašnost praška v smislu števila delcev in stopnje emisij trenutno še ni vzpostavljena nobena klasifikacijska shema na podlagi števil. ko bo sčasoma pridobljenih veliko merilnih podatkov, je predvidena revizija evropskega standarda in uvedba take klasifikacijske sheme, če bo to ustrezno.
OPOMBA 2: Metoda z majhnim vrtečim bobnom je bila uporabljena za preskušanje prašnosti več različnih materialov, vključno z oksidi nanodelcev, nanoluskami, organskimi glinami, glinami, oglenimi sajami, grafitom, ogljikovimi nanocevkami, organskimi pigmenti in aktivnimi farmacevtskimi sestavinami. S tem metoda dokazano omogoča preskušanje veliko različnih materialov, v katerih so lahko nanodelci glavna sestavina.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17199-4:2019
01-september-2019
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Meritve prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki
vsebujejo ali sproščajo respirabilne nanopredmete ter njihove agregate in
aglomerate (NOAA) in druge respirabilne delce - 4. del: Metoda z majhnim vrtečim
bobnom
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 4: Small rotating drum
method
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 4: Verfahren mit
kleiner rotierender Trommel
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux
en vrac contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA)
ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 4: Méthode impliquant l'utilisation d'un
petit tambour rotatif
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17199-4:2019
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
SIST EN 17199-4:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17199-4:2019
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SIST EN 17199-4:2019
EN 17199-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.30
English Version
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other
respirable particles - Part 4: Small rotating drum method
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des
pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten
agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA) ou autres particules oder freisetzen - Teil 4: Verfahren mit kleiner
en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 4: Méthode impliquant rotierender Trommel
l'utilisation d'un petit tambour rotatif
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17199-4:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 17199-4:2019
EN 17199-4:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
5 Principle . 8
6 Equipment . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Test apparatus. 10
7 Requirements . 13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Engineering control measures . 14
7.3 Conditioning of the test material . 14
7.4 Conditioning of the test equipment . 14
8 Preparation . 14
8.1 Weighing of filters . 14
8.2 Test sample . 14
8.3 Moisture content of the test material . 15
8.4 Bulk density of the test material . 15
8.5 Preparation of test apparatus . 15
8.6 Aerosol instruments and aerosol samplers. 15
9 Test procedure . 16
9.1 General . 16
9.2 Test sequence for running a dustiness test . 17
9.3 Selection of the amount to be used for SRD dustiness triple test . 18
9.3.1 General . 18
9.3.2 Selection of 6 g test material . 19
9.3.3 Selection of more than 6 g test material . 19
9.3.4 Selection of less than 6 g test material . 20
9.4 Cleaning in between runs . 20
9.5 Cleaning of equipment after conclusion of a dustiness test . 21
10 Evaluation of data . 21
10.1 Respirable dustiness mass fraction . 21
10.2 Use of CPC data . 21
10.2.1 General . 21
10.2.2 Number-based emission rate . 22
10.2.3 Number-based dustiness index . 22
10.2.4 Dustiness kinetics . 23
10.2.5 Time needed to reach 50 % of the released number of particles during the test . 23
®
10.3 Use of ELPI data . 23
10.3.1 General . 23
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®
10.3.2 Modal aerodynamic equivalent diameters obtained by ELPI (aerodynamic D , µm) . 23
p
10.4 Morphology and chemical characterization of the particles . 24
11 Test report . 24
Annex A (informative) Example of a small rotating drum set-up . 26
Bibliography . 27
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EN 17199-4:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17199-4:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment
of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2019 and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 17199-4:2019
EN 17199-4:2019 (E)
Introduction
Dustiness measurement and characterization provide users (e.g. manufacturers, producers, occupational
hygienists and workers) with information on the potential for dust emissions when the bulk material is
handled or processed in workplaces. They provide the manufacturers of bulk materials containing NOAA
with information that can help to improve their products and reduce their dustiness. It allows the users
of the bulk materials containing NOAA to assess the controls and precautions required for handling and
working with the material and the effects of pre-treatment (e.g. modify surface properties or chemistry).
It also allows the users to select less dusty products, if available. The particle size distribution of the
aerosol and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles can be used by occupational
hygienists, scientists and regulators to further characterize the aerosol in terms of particle size
distribution and chemical composition and to thus aid users to evaluate and control the health risk of
airborne dust.
This document gives details on the design and operation of the small rotating drum method that can be
used to measure the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other
respirable particles in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates. Dustiness indices as well as particle
emission rates can be mass-based of the health-related respirable dustiness mass fraction using a cyclone
for the respirable dust fraction and by number using real-time sampling of particle number
concentrations. The particle size distribution of the released aerosol is measured using direct-reading
aerosol instruments. The released dust particles can be further sampled and characterized for, e.g.
physical size distribution, morphology and chemical composition by off-line analysis (as required).This
test uses the same dust generation principle as EN 15051-2 and EN 17199-2 [1], but the rotating drum
volume and diameter is smaller and the sampling design different, which allows testing of small sample
volumes and simultaneous sampling of all realtime data and dust for off-line analysis.
The small rotating drum method has been designed to simulate workplace scenarios and to represent
general bulk material handling processes, including processes where bulk material is tipped, poured,
mixed, scooped, dropped or similar, either mechanically or by hand.
The small rotating drum method presented here differs from the rotating drum, continuous drop and the
vortex shaker methods presented in EN 17199-2 [1], EN 17199-3 [2] and EN 17199-5 [3] respectively.
The rotating drum and small rotating drum methods perform, both, repeated pouring or agitation of a
bulk material. The continuous drop method simulates continuous feed of a bulk material while the vortex
shaker method simulates vigorous agitation of a bulk material.
This document was developed based on results in scientific literature [4,5,6,7] and pre-normative
research [8]. The pre-normative research project investigated the dustiness of ten bulk materials
(including nine bulk nanomaterials) with the intention to test as wide a range of bulk materials as
possible in terms of magnitude of dustiness, chemical composition and primary particle size distribution
as indicated by a large range in specific surface area.
Subsequently, the sampling line was optimized to improve dust transmission in the system and make the
sampling closer to the efficiency in the prototype by [4] and EN 15051-2 [9].
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SIST EN 17199-4:2019
EN 17199-4:2019 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and
reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the small rotating drum method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and
presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b) the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size
range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
c) the measurement of the initial number-based emission rate and the time to reach 50 % of the total
particle number released during testing,
d) the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released aerosol in the
particle size range from about 10 nm to about 10 µm,
e) the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable dustiness mass fraction for subsequent
observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
NOTE 1 The particle size range described above is based on the equipment used during the pre-normative
research [8].
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules
or pellets containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in either unbound, bound
uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2 Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of particle number and emission rate has
been established for powder dustiness. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained,
the intention is to revise the document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 3 The small rotating drum method has been applied to test the dustiness of a range of materials including
nanoparticle oxides, nanoflakes, organoclays, clays, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, organic pigments,
and pharmaceutical active ingredients. The method has thereby been proven to enable testing of a many different
materials that can contain nanomaterials as the main component.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN ISO/TS 80004-2, Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 2: Nano-objects (ISO/TS 80004-2)
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles
EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology
EN 13205-2, Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne
particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency
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EN 15051-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 1: Requirements
and choice of test methods
EN 16897, Workplace exposure - Characterization of ultrafine aerosols/nanoaerosols - Determination of
number concentration using condensation particle counters
EN 17199-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release
respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods
ISO 15767, Workplace atmospheres - Controlling and characterizing uncertainty in weighing collected
aerosols
ISO 27891, Aerosol particle number concentration - Calibration of condensation particle counters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 15051-1,
CEN ISO/TS 80004-2 and EN 17199-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviations
CPC Condensation Particle Counter
d A lower particle size at which the counting or sampling efficiency is 50 %
50
)
®1
Electrical Low Pressure Impactor
ELPI
EM Electron Microscopy
FTIR Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy
GC Gas Chromatography
HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance
HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
ICP Inductive Coupled Plasma
ID Inner Diameter
LOQ Limit Of Quantification
MS Mass Spectrometry
NOAA Nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates > 100 nm
®
1) ELPI is the trade name or trademark of a product supplied by Dekati. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
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Raman Raman Spectroscopy
RH Relative Humidity
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
SRD Small Rotating Drum
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
XRF X-ray Fluorescence
5 Principle
The small rotating drum (SRD) method described in this document measures the dustiness of bulk
materials in terms of
— the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
— the number-based dustiness index,
— the number-based emission rates, and
— the time period to generate 50 % of the emitted particle numbers.
In addition, this document describes the procedures by which the aerosols can be further characterized
in terms of their particle size distributions and the morphology and chemical composition of their
airborne particles.
The sampling for the purpose of and the execution of qualitative or quantitative analysis of the
morphology and chemical composition of the collected airborne particles are described. Performing these
analyses is optional but can provide confirmation of the sizes of the particles generated and
complementary information to the real-time instruments.
Table 1 provides
— an overview of the different measurands,
— information on whether determining these measurands is mandatory or not, and
— the aerosol instruments and sampling devices needed to determine a measurand.
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Table 1 — Measurands, aerosol instruments/sampling devices and associated recommendations
for the small rotating drum method
Method/Device specific to
Measurand Mandatory/optional
measurand
25 mm- or 37 mm- air
sampling cassette mounted
Respirable dustiness mass fraction Mandatory
on a cyclone for the
(mg/kg)
respirable dust fraction
Number-based dustiness index of
respirable particles in the particle size Condensation Particle
Mandatory
range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm Counter (CPC)
(1/mg)
Number-based average emission rate
of respirable particles in the particle Condensation Particle
Mandatory
size range from about 10 nm to about Counter (CPC)
1 µm (1/mg·s)
Number-based initial dustiness
kinetics considering the number of
Condensation Particle
particles released in the particle size Mandatory
Counter (CPC)
range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm
2
(1/mg·s )
Time-based dustiness kinetics
assessed as the time required to
generate 50 % of the total number of Condensation Particle
Mandatory
particles released in the particle size Counter (CPC)
range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm
(s)
Number of modes of the time-averaged
Mandatory
number-based particle size
Time- and size-resolving
distributionas dN/dlogD (-)
i
instrument covering the
Modal aerodynamic equivalent
particle size range from
diameters corresponding to the
about 10 nm up to about 10
highest mode (M1 ) and to the second
N
µm
Mandatory
highest mode (M2 ) of the time-
N
averaged number-based particle size
distribution as dN/dlogD (µm)
i
Number of modes of the time-averaged
mass-based particle size distribution Optional
as dM/dlogD (-)
i
Cascade impactor covering
Modal aerodynamic equivalent
the particle size range from
diameters corresponding to the
about 10 nm up to about 10
highest mode (M1 ) and to the second
M
µm
Optional
highest mode (M2 ) of the time-
M
averaged mass-based particle size
distribution as dM/dlogD (µm)
i
9
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EN 17199-4:2019 (E)
Method/Device specific to
Measurand Mandatory/optional
measurand
Optional
E.g. a TEM-grid holder
Particles on TEM-grids may be
Morphological characterization of the
equipped with porous carbon
analysed by transmission (TEM)
particles including NOAA
film TEM-grid
or scanning (SEM) electron
microscopy
25 mm- or 37 mm- air Optional
sampling cassette mounted
Filters may be analysed
on a cyclone for the
chemically after weighing using
respirable dust fraction
Chemical characterization of the
e.g. XRF, ICP-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-
particles including NOAA
MS, FTIR, and Raman
spectrometry depending on
needs and suitability of the
sample.
NOTE The particle size range described above is based on the equipment used during the pre-normative research.
6 Equipment
6.1 General
Figure 1 gives a schematic example for a small rotating drum set-up, which is configured with a bypass
tube to bypass the test atmosphere while preparing and cleaning the small rotating drum.
6.2 Test apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following:
6.2.1 Small rotating drum
The small rotating drum consists of the components described in detail in 6.2.2 to 6.2.12. The small drum
consists of a cylindrical part with a radius of 8,15 cm and a length of 23 cm and two 45° truncated conical
ends with a centre depth of 6,3 cm (see Figure 1 and Figure A.1). These dimensions give a total volume of
about 5,675 l. The cylindrical part of the drum contains three powder lifter vanes (2 cm × 22,5 cm) placed
120° apart. The inner surfaces shall be polished to reach an arithmetical mean roughness profile of 0,19
µm, which can be obtained by vibratory finishing. The drum is rotated driven by a cogwheel belt
connected to a programmable electrical engine.
The volume-flow-balance shall be as follows:
®
— Q is 10 l/min to the ELPI ;
E
— Q = Q + Q +Q ;
A B1 B2 C
— Q + Q = Q = 10 l/min.
C D E
If measurement systems and sampling systems with different volume flows are applied, the entire
sampling line shall be redesigned to allow isokinetic (or at least near-isokinetic) sampling. See also 6.2.4.
Mass flow controllers should be used to ensure a stable volume flow of humidified air to deliver Q and
A
Q .
D
10
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Key
1 temperature and RH-controlled test atmosphere directed into the test system at Q = 11 l/min
A
2 valves to direct air flow through or bypass the small rotating drum
3 small rotating drum (inlet and outlet tube inner diameters of 20,25 mm)
4 tight-fitting stainless steel tube connector (with inner diameter of 20,25 mm)
5 three-way aerosol flow splitter (connection to dust transfer line with an inner diameter of 20,25 mm)
6 sampling tube for the CPC and the electron microscopy sampler (optional) allowing isokinetic sampling from
the flow-splitter at 1 l/min (QB2)
7 Y-split connector
8 0,3 l/min (Q ) flow directed to the electron microscopy sampler and bypass filter.
B2a
9 0,7 l/min (QB2b) flow directed to the CPC
10 valve to direct the flow towards the electron microscopy sampler or the bypass filter
11 electron microscopy sampler
12 particle filter to protect the pump
13 pump enabling sampling at QB2a = 0,3 l/min
14 CPC sampling at Q = 0,7 l/min
B2b
15 sampling tube for the cyclone for the respirable dust fraction allowing (near-)isokinetic sampling from three-
way flow-splitter at QB1 = 4,2 l/min.
16 cyclone for the respirable dust fraction with pump sampling at QB1 = 4,2 l/min
®
17 sampling tube for the ELPI allowing (near-)isokinetic sampling of Q = 5,8 l/min
C
®
18 4,2 l/min (QD) temperature- and RH-controlled make-up air to balance the ELPI volume flow
19 T-split connector
11
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EN 17199-4:2019 (E)
®
20 10 l/min (Q ) volume flow to the ELPI
E
21 ELPI® sampling at Q = 10 l/min.
E
Figure 1 — Small Rotating Drum with sampling line in a configuration where sampling is made
using a CPC, a cyclone for the respirable dust fraction, an electron microscopy sampler and an
®
ELPI
6.2.2 System for minimizing the risk of human inhalation exposure
Examples of such a system are a safety cabinet, a fume-hood or an enclosure.
6.2.3 System for humidifying experimental air
The system for humidifying experimental air shall be capable of delivering 11 l/min through the drum
and 7,4 l/min dilution air or a total of 18,4 l/min air with highly controlled temperature at (21 ± 3) °C and
(50 ± 5) % RH (see Figure 1).
Humidifiers for this method should be designed to not transmit particles into the test atmosphere.
Testing should be possible under variable relative humidity conditions (20 % R
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17199-4:2018
01-februar-2018
[Not translated]
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release nano-objects or submicrometer particles - Part 4: Small rotating drum method
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 4: Verfahren mit
kleiner rotierender Trommel
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux
en vrac contenant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats - Partie 4: Méthode
impliquant l'utilisation d'un petit tambour rotatif
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17199-4
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
oSIST prEN 17199-4:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17199-4:2018
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oSIST prEN 17199-4:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17199-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2017
ICS 13.040.30
English Version
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release nano-objects or
submicrometer particles - Part 4: Small rotating drum
method
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des
pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
contenant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten
agglomérats - Partie 4: Méthode impliquant oder freisetzen - Teil 4: Verfahren mit kleiner
l'utilisation d'un petit tambour rotatif rotierender Trommel
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 137.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17199-4:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 17199-4:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
5 Principle . 7
6 Equipment . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Test apparatus. 9
7 Requirements for sample conditioning and environmental control . 12
7.1 General . 12
7.2 Storing conditions . 12
7.3 Temperature and relative humidity . 13
8 Dustiness test preparation . 13
8.1 Weighing of filters . 13
8.2 Sampling from bulk material . 13
8.3 Preparation of test samples . 13
8.4 Determination of sample characteristics . 13
8.5 Preparation of test apparatus . 13
8.6 Preparation of instruments and sampling devices . 14
9 Test procedure . 14
9.1 General . 14
9.2 Test sequence for running a dustiness test . 16
9.3 Selection of the amount to be used for SRD dustiness triple test . 17
9.3.1 General . 17
9.3.2 Selection of 6 g test material . 17
9.3.3 Selection of more than 6 g test material . 18
9.3.4 Selection of less than 6 g test material . 19
9.4 Cleaning in between runs . 19
9.5 Cleaning of equipment after conclusion of a dustiness test . 19
10 Evaluation of data . 20
®
10.1 Use of ELPI data . 20
10.2 Use of CPC data . 20
10.3 Mass-based respirable dustiness index . 20
®
10.4 Aerodynamic size-modes obtained by ELPI (aerodynamic D , µm) . 21
p
10.5 Number-based dustiness index . 21
10.6 Dustiness kinetics . 22
10.7 Time needed to reach 50 % of the released number of particles during the test . 22
11 Test report . 22
Bibliography . 23
2
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17199-4:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137
“Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
3
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Introduction
Dustiness characteristics in terms of mass-based respirable dustiness levels, particle number
generation rate and size distribution provide users (e.g. manufacturers, producers, occupational
hygienists and workers) information on the ability of the powder to release fine dust during handling
and its dust and dustiness characteristics [4], [5], [6]. Whereas the respirable dustiness index
corresponds to the measure used in most of the current exposure limits, the integrated number- and
size-distribution information as well as the kinetics of dust release can be of great help to the
manufacturers of bulk materials to improve their products and users to select the most appropriate
material considering their use and risk management measures. [7] gives an example on how a suite of
dustiness data can applied for selection of most suitable material in a production.
This European Standard gives details of the design and operation of the small rotating drum test
method that characterizes the respirable dustiness of solid bulk materials including nanomaterials in
terms of particle number, particle size distribution, dustiness kinetics, particle morphology and
chemical composition.
The small rotating drum method has been designed to represent general bulk material handling
processes, including processes where bulk material is tipped, poured, mixed, scooped, dropped or
similar; either mechanical or by hand.
The small rotating drum method presented here differs from the rotating drum method, the continuous
drop method and the vortex shaker method presented in prEN 17199-2:2017 [1], prEN 17199-3:2017
[2] and prEN 17199-5:2017 [3], respectively. The rotating drum and small rotating drum perform, both,
repeated pouring or agitation of the same sample nanomaterial. The continuous drop method simulates
continuous feed of a nanomaterial while the vortex shaker method simulates vigorous agitation of a
nanomaterial.
This European Standard was developed based on the results of pre-normative research [8]. This project
investigated the dustiness of ten bulk materials including nine bulk nanomaterials with the intention to
test as wide a range of bulk nanomaterials as possible in terms of magnitude of dustiness, chemical
composition and primary particle size-distribution as indicated by a high range in specific surface area
Subsequently, the sampling line was optimized to improve dust transmission to avoid significant losses
in the system and make the sampling closer to the efficiency in the prototype by [4] and EN 15051-2 [9].
4
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1 Scope
This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of
bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and
reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the small rotating drum method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the
procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and
reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b) the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range
from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
c) the measurement of the number-based size distribution of the released aerosol in the size range
from about 10 nm to 10 µm,
d) the quantification of the initial dustiness emission rate and the time to reach 50 % of the total
particle number released during testing, and
e) the characterization of the aerosol from its particle size distribution and the morphology and
chemical composition of its particles.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders,
granules or pellets containing or releasing nano-objects or submicrometer particles in either unbound,
bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1 Currently no number based classification scheme in terms of particle number and emission rate has
been established for powder dustiness. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained,
the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2 The small rotating drum method has been applied to test the dustiness of a range of materials
including nanoparticle oxides, nanoflakes, organoclays, clays, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, organic
pigments, and pharmaceutical active ingredients. The method has thereby been proven to enable testing of a many
different materials that can contain nanomaterials as the main component.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles
EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology
EN 13205-2, Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne
particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling
efficiency
EN 15051-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 1: Requirements
and choice of test methods
5
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prEN 17199-1:2017, Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release nano-objects or submicrometer particles - Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods
EN 16897, Workplace exposure - Characterization of ultrafine aerosols/nanoaerosols - Determination of
number concentration using condensation particle counters
ISO 15767, Workplace atmospheres - Controlling and characterizing uncertainty in weighing collected
aerosols
ISO 27891, Aerosol particle number concentration - Calibration of condensation particle counters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 15051-1 and
prEN 17199-1:2017 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviations
CPC Condensation Particle Counter
d a lower particle size at which the counting or sampling efficiency is 50 %
50
®1)
Electrical Low Pressure Impactor
ELPI
EM Electron Microscopy
FTIR Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy
GC Gas Chromatography
HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance
HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
ICP Inductive Coupled Plasma
ID Inner Diameter
LOQ Limit Of Quantification
MS Mass Spectrometry
PGR Particle number Generation Rate
Raman Raman Spectroscopy
®
1) ELPI is the trade name or trademark of a product supplied by Dekati. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
6
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RH Relative Humidity
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
SRD Small Rotating Drum
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
XRF X-ray Fluorescence
5 Principle
The small rotating drum method described in this European Standard measures the dustiness of bulk
materials containing or releasing nano-objects in terms of
— respirable mass fraction,
— number-based dustiness indices,
— number-based emission rates, and
— time period to generate 50 % of the emitted particle numbers.
In addition, this European Standard describes the procedures by which the aerosols can be further
characterized in terms of their particle size distributions and the morphology and chemical composition
of their airborne particles.
The sampling for the purpose of and the execution of qualitative or quantitative analysis of the
morphology and chemical composition of the collected airborne nanostructured particles are described.
Performing these analyses is optional but can provide confirmation of the sizes of the particles
generated and complementary information to the real-time instruments.
Table 1 provides
— an overview of the different measurands,
— information on whether determining these measurands is mandatory or not, and
— the aerosol instruments and sampling devices needed to determine a measurand.
7
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Table 1 — Measurands, aerosol instruments/sampling devices and associated recommendations
for the small rotating drum method
Method/Device specific to
Measurand Mandatory/optional
measurand
mandatory
optional
Inline sampling of dust on
Filters may be analysed
PTFE or PVC filter using a
Mass-based respirable dustiness index
chemically after weighing using
pre-separator cyclone living
(mg/kg)
e.g., XRF, ICP-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-
up to sampling convention
MS, FTIR, and Raman
for respirable dust.
spectrometry depending on
needs and suitability of the
sample.
Number-based dustiness index of Condensation Particle
respirable particles in the size range Counter (CPC) – alcohol- mandatory
from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm (1/mg) based
Number-based average emission rate of Condensation Particle
respirable particles in the size range Counter (CPC) – alcohol- mandatory
from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm (1/mg.s) based
Number-based initial dustiness kinetics
Condensation Particle
considering the number of particles
Counter (CPC) – alcohol- mandatory
released in the size range from about
based
2
10 nm and 1 000 nm (1/s )
Time-based dustiness kinetics assessed
as the time required to generate 50 % of Condensation Particle
mandatory
the total number of particles released in Counter (CPC) – alcohol-
the size-range from about 10 nm to 1 000 based
nm (s)
Number of modes of the time-averaged
Direct reading number-based
particle number-based size distribution mandatory
electrical low pressure
as dN/dlogD
p
cascade impactor measuring
Equivalent modal diameters of the time-
particles from about 10 nm
averaged particle number-based size mandatory
to 10 000 nm
distribution as dN/dlogD
p
Number of modes of the time-averaged
mass-based size distribution as optional
dM/dlogD
p
Cascade impactors
Equivalent modal diameters of the time-
averaged mass-based size distribution as optional
dM/dlogD
p
optional
Morphology characterization of the E.g., a TEM-grid holder
Particles on TEM-grids may be
nano-objects, the particles, agglomerates equipped with porous carbon
analysed by transmission
and aggregates film TEM-grid
(TEM) or scanning (SEM)
electron microscopy
8
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6 Equipment
6.1 General
Figure 1 gives a schematic example for a small rotating drum set-up which is configured with a bypass
tube to bypass the test atmosphere while preparing and cleaning the small rotating drum.
6.2 Test apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following.
6.2.1 Small rotating drum, consisting of the components described in detail in 6.2.2 to 6.2.12.
The small drum consists of a cylindrical part with a radius of 8,15 cm and a length of 23 cm and two 45°
truncated conical ends with a centre depth of 6,3 cm (see Figure 1). These dimensions give a total
volume of about 5,675 l. The cylindrical part of the drum contains three powder lifter vanes (2 cm ×
22,5 cm) placed 120° apart. The inner surfaces shall be polished to reach an arithmetical mean
roughness profile of 0,19 µm, which can be obtained by vibratory finishing. The drum is rotated driven
by a cogwheel belt connected to a programmable electrical engine.
The volume-flow-balance shall be as follows:
®
— Q is 10 l/min to the ELPI ;
E
— Q = Q + Q +Q ;
A B1 B2 C
— Q + Q = Q = 10 l/min.
C D E
If measurement systems and sampling systems with different volume flows are applied, the entire
sampling train shall be redesigned to allow isokinetic (or at least near-isokinetic) sampling. See also
6.2.4. Mass flow controllers should be used to ensure a stable volume flow of humidified air to deliver
Q and Q .
A D
9
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prEN 17199-4:2017 (E)
Key
1 temperature and RH-controlled test atmosphere directed into the test system at Q = 11 l/min
A
2 valves to direct air flow through or bypass the small rotating drum
3 small rotating drum (inlet and outlet tube inner diameters of 20,25 mm)
4 tight-fitting stainless steel tube connector (with inner diameter of 20,25 mm)
5 three-way flow splitter (connection to dust transfer line with an inner diameter of 20,25 mm)
6 sampling tube for the respirable dust sampling cyclone allowing isokinetic sampling at QB1 = 4,2 l/min using an
individual pump
7 sampling tube for the CPC and optional electron microscopy sampler allowing isokinetic sampling at 1 l/min
(QB2)
8 Y-split connector
9 0,3 l/min (QB2a) flow directed to the electron microscopy sampler and bypass filter and pump
10 0,7 l/min (Q ) flow directed to the CPC
B2b
11 valve to direct the flow towards the electron microscopy sampler or the bypass filter
12 electron microscopy sampler
13 particle filter to protect the pump
14 pump enabling sampling at Q = 0,3 l/min
B2a
15 CPC sampling at QB2b = 0,7 l/min
®
16 sampling tube for the ELPI allowing isokinetic sampling of QC = 5,8 l/min
17 T-split connector
®
18 4,2 l/min (QD) temperature- and RH-controlled make-up air to balance the ELPI volume flow
®
19 10 l/min (QE) volume flow to the ELPI
Figure 1 — Small Rotating Drum with sampling train in a configuration where sampling is made
®
using a CPC, a respirable dust cyclone sampler, an electron microscopy sampler and an ELPI
10
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6.2.2 System for minimizing the risk of human inhalation exposure, for example a safety cabinet,
a fume-hood or an enclosure.
6.2.3 System for humidifying experimental air, capable of delivering 11 l/min through the drum
and 7,4 l/min dilution air or a total of 18,4 l/min air with highly controlled temperature at (21 ± 3) °C
and (50 ± 5) %RH (see Figure 1).
Humidifiers for this method should be designed to not transmit particles into the test atmosphere.
Testing should be possible under variable relative humidity conditions (20 % RH to 80 % RH).
6.2.4 Sampling train with isokinetic sampling outlets.
The sampling train is connected to the drum and allows isokinetic (or near-isokinetic) particle sampling
®
of respirable dust, electron microscopy samples, and real-time measurement using the CPC and ELPI
aerosol monitoring devices (see Figure 1).
NOTE It is important that the sampling line is configured in a manner that prevents particle losses in the
respirable size-range to ensure interlaboratory comparability.
6.2.5 Electrically conductive tubing.
To minimize losses in sampling lines during the measurement of airborne particle size distributions and
number concentrations, electrically conductive tubing should be used.
Transition tube lengths and bent in tubing should be kept to a minimum to minimize particle losses.
If diffusion chargers are connected to the sampling line, these should be connected using the types of
tubes distributed with the instruments or similar.
6.2.6 Respirable dust cyclone sampler, with a flow rate of 4,2 l/min and mounted with filters with
25 mm- or 37 mm- cassettes, enabling sampling of the respirable dust, according to EN 481 and
validated according to EN 13205-2.
NOTE Sampling is performed using and individual pump.
6.2.7 Collection filter, 25 mm or 37 mm, preferably made of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE).
The user may select a filter type of another material with a lower limit of quantification.
6.2.8 Direct-reading size-resolved aerosol instrument for time-averaged particle number-
based size distribution.
Number based particle size distribution shall be measured using a direct reading number-based low
pressure cascade impactor and the number of mode and the equivalent modal diameter(s)of the time-
averaged particle number shall be derived from the data. The device shall be able to count and classify
particles in the size range from at least 10 nm to 10 µm.
The measurement of number-based particle size distribution in aerodynamic equivalent diameter shall
be preferred and shall be performed with a time step of 1 s.
2)
®
An electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI ) has been selected as the benchmark equipment for this
measurement.
2) See Footnote 1.
11
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6.2.9 Direct-reading aerosol instrument for particle number concentration, with a detectable
particle size range from 10 nm to 1 µm.
Particle number concentration shall be measured at 1 s resolution using a condensation particle
counter (CPC). The CPC shall be able to count particles in the size range from at least 10 nm to 1 µm and
3 3
at concentrations ranging from 0 particles/cm to 100 000 particles/cm in single particle counts. The
working fluid of the instrument shall be alcohol.
The CPC shall be calibrated in accordance with ISO 27891 and its response checked following
EN 16897.
6.2.10 Sampler for analytical electron microscopy (optional), where sampling air is drawn by an
individual pump.
NOTE It is advised to mount a valve to enable bypassing air through a millipore filter cassette during the time
when electron microscopy sampling is not performed. Thereby the volume flow is balanced throughout the test.
6.2.11 Flow meters, capable of measuring and monitoring volume flows ranging from 0,3 l/min to
11 l/min with a measurement uncertainty of 5 % or less.
6.2.12 Equipment for gravimetric analysis, capable of weighing at 0,1 µg resolution or lower and
with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of filter weight less than 1 µg, under temperature- and % RH-
controlled conditions, if temperature is (22 ± 1) °C and relative humidity (50 ± 3) %.
Using the balance in the weighing atmosphere with the selected filter material and size shall have an
LOQ less than 15 μg according to ISO 15767.
NOTE Using a dedicated temperature- and % RH-controlled weighing room ensures accuracy in weighing.
7 Requirements for sample conditioning an
...
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