SIST EN 845-2:2013
(Main)Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for maximum spans of 4,5 m and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete, fired clay units, calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or a combination of these materials. Concrete and steel beams conforming to EN 1090-1, EN 12602 and EN 13225, as appropriate, are not covered by this standard. Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel. This European Standard is not applicable to: a) lintels completely made on site; b) lintels of which the tensile parts are made on site; c) timber lintels; d) natural stone lintels, not reinforced. Linear components spanning clear openings greater than 4,5 m in masonry walls and linear components intended for use independently in a structural role (e.g. beams) are not covered by this standard.
Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil 2: Stürze
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an vorgefertigte Stürze für Stützweiten bis höchstens 4,5 m aus Stahl, dampfgehärtetem Porenbeton, Betonwerksteinen, Beton, Mauerziegeln, Kalksandsteinen, Natursteinen oder aus einer Kombination dieser Baustoffe fest. Diese Norm gilt nicht für Stürze aus Beton oder Stahl nach EN 1090 1, EN 12602 bzw. EN 13225, sofern zutreffend.
Vorgefertigte Stürze können entweder vollständige Stürze oder der vorgefertigte Teil eines bauseits zu ergänzenden Sturzes sein.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für:
vollständig auf der Baustelle hergestellte Stürze;
Stürze, deren Zugzonen auf der Baustelle hergestellt werden;
Holzstürze;
unbewehrte Stürze aus Naturstein.
Lineare Bauteile für Stützweiten über 4,5 m in Mauerwerkswänden und lineare Bauteile, die unabhängig eine tragende Funktion erfüllen (z. B. Balken), sind nicht Gegenstand dieser Norm.
Spécifications pour composants accessoires de maçonnerie - Partie 2: Linteaux
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences concernant les linteaux préfabriqués d'une portée maximale de 4,5 m au-dessus de l'ouverture libre et réalisés en acier, béton cellulaire autoclavé, pierre reconstituée, béton, éléments en terre cuite, éléments en silico-calcaire, éléments en pierre naturelle ou avec une combinaison de ces matériaux. Les poutres en béton et en acier selon l'EN 1090-1, l'EN 12602 et l'EN 13225, suivant le cas, ne sont pas couvertes par la présente norme.
Les linteaux préfabriqués peuvent être des linteaux complets ou constituer la partie préfabriquée d'un linteau composite.
Les produits suivants ne sont pas couverts par la présente Norme européenne :
a) linteaux entièrement réalisés sur le chantier ;
b) linteaux dont les parties tendues sont réalisées sur le chantier ;
c) linteaux en bois ;
d) linteaux en pierre naturelle, sans armature.
La présente Norme ne traite pas des composants linéaires posés au-dessus d'ouvertures supérieures à 4,5 m dans des murs en maçonnerie et des composants linéaires destinés à être utilisés indépendamment, dans des rôles structurels (par exemple, les poutres).
Specifikacija za dodatne komponente zidovine - 2. del: Preklade
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za predizdelane preklade za razpetine do največ 4,5 m, ki so izdelane iz jekla, avtoklaviranega celičnega betona, umetnega kamna, betona, žgane gline, kalcijevega silikata, naravnega kamna ali kombinacije teh materialov. Ta standard ne zajema betonskih in jeklenih nosilcev, ki so v skladu s standardi EN 1090-1, EN 12602 in EN 13225, kot je primerno. Predizdelane preklade so lahko celotne preklade ali predizdelani del kompozitne preklade. Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za: a) preklade, v celoti izdelane na mestu uporabe; b) preklade, katerih natezni deli so izdelani na mestu uporabe; c) lesene preklade; d) preklade iz naravnega kamna (nearmirane). Ta standard ne zajema linearnih komponent v zidovih s svetlo širino, ki je večja od 4,5 m, in linearnih komponent, namenjenih za neodvisno uporabo v konstrukciji (npr. nosilcih).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 845-2:2013
01-oktober-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 845-2:2004
Specifikacija za dodatne komponente zidovine - 2. del: Preklade
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil 2: Stürze
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 845-2:2013
ICS:
91.060.10 Stene. Predelne stene. Walls. Partitions. Facades
Fasade
91.080.30 Zidane konstrukcije Masonry
SIST EN 845-2:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 845-2:2013
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SIST EN 845-2:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 845-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2013
ICS 91.080.30 Supersedes EN 845-2:2003
English Version
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2:
Lintels
Spécifications pour composants accessoires de Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil
maçonnerie - Partie 2: Linteaux 2: Stürze
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 845-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 845-2:2013
EN 845-2:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 8
4 Materials . 11
4.1 Steel lintels . 11
4.2 Concrete lintels . 11
4.3 Masonry lintels . 12
4.4 Combined and composite lintels . 13
5 Requirements . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Dimensions, mass and limit deviations . 13
5.2.1 Dimensions . 13
5.2.2 Mass per unit area . 14
5.2.3 Built-in length . 14
5.2.4 Deviation from declared values . 14
5.3 Mechanical performance and information to obtain the mechanical performance . 14
5.3.1 Single lintels, combined lintels and composite lintels . 14
5.3.2 Prefabricated part of composite lintels . 15
5.4 Durability . 16
5.4.1 General . 16
5.4.2 Steel lintels . 16
5.4.3 Concrete lintels and masonry lintels . 16
5.5 Water penetration and installation . 16
5.6 Thermal properties . 16
5.7 Freeze/thaw resistance . 17
5.7.1 General . 17
5.7.2 Steel lintels . 17
5.7.3 Concrete lintels . 17
5.7.4 Masonry lintels . 17
5.8 Resistance to fire . 17
5.9 Water absorption . 17
5.9.1 General . 17
5.9.2 Steel lintels . 17
5.9.3 Other lintels . 17
5.10 Water vapour permeability . 18
5.11 Dangerous substances. 18
6 Description and designation . 18
7 Marking . 21
8 Evaluation of conformity . 22
8.1 General . 22
8.2 Initial type tests . 22
8.2.1 General . 22
8.2.2 Single lintels, combined lintels and composite lintels as defined in 3.1 . 23
8.2.3 Prefabricated part of composite lintels . 23
8.3 Factory production control . 23
2
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8.3.1 General . 23
8.3.2 Testing and measuring equipment . 24
8.3.3 Production equipment . 24
8.3.4 Raw materials . 24
8.3.5 Production process . 24
8.3.6 Finished product testing . 24
8.3.7 Statistical techniques . 24
8.3.8 Marking and stock control of products . 25
8.3.9 Traceability . 25
8.3.10 Nonconforming products . 25
8.4 Sampling for initial type testing and independent testing of consignments . 25
Annex A (informative) Method for assessment of loads on lintels . 26
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for installation of lintels . 27
B.1 Bearings . 27
B.2 Installation . 27
B.3 Composite lintels . 27
Annex C (normative) Corrosion protection systems . 28
C.1 Steel lintels . 28
C.2 Concrete and masonry lintels (except those manufactured using autoclaved
aerated concrete) . 31
C.3 Lintels manufactured using autoclaved aerated concrete . 31
Annex D (informative) Guidance on FPC frequencies . 32
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of
the EU Construction Products Directive . 34
Bibliography . 41
3
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SIST EN 845-2:2013
EN 845-2:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 845-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 125 “Masonry”,
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This document supersedes EN 845-2:2003.
This part has been modified to take into account comments made in the five-year review on the 2003
version. A change has been made in the permission to use historic test data when arriving at declared
values; a limited permission is also given for the use of calculation methods in certain cases.
EN 845, Specification for ancillary components for masonry, consists of the following parts:
Part 1: Wall ties, tension straps, hangers and brackets
Part 2: Lintels
Part 3: Bed joint reinforcement of steel meshwork
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
4
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EN 845-2:2013 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for maximum spans of 4,5 m
and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete, fired clay units,
calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or a combination of these materials. Concrete and steel
beams conforming to EN 1090-1, EN 12602 and EN 13225, as appropriate, are not covered by this
standard.
Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) lintels completely made on site;
b) lintels of which the tensile parts are made on site;
c) timber lintels;
d) natural stone lintels, not reinforced.
Linear components spanning clear openings greater than 4,5 m in masonry walls and linear
components intended for use independently in a structural role (e.g. beams) are not covered by this
standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 206-1:2000, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 771 (all parts), Specification for masonry units
EN 772-1, Methods of test for masonry units — Part 1: Determination of compressive strength
EN 772-11, Methods of test for masonry units — Part 11: Determination of water absorption of
aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry
units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units
EN 846-9, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 9: Determination of flexural
resistance and shear resistance of lintels
EN 846-11, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 11: Determination of
dimensions and bow of lintels
EN 846-13:2001, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 13: Determination of
resistance to impact, abrasion and corrosion of organic coatings
EN 846-14, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 14: Determination of the
initial shear strength between the prefabricated part of a composite lintel and the masonry above it
EN 990, Test methods for verification of corrosion protection of reinforcement in autoclaved aerated
concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure
EN 998-2:2010, Specification for mortar for masonry — Part 2: Masonry mortar
5
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SIST EN 845-2:2013
EN 845-2:2013 (E)
EN 1745, Masonry and masonry products — Methods for determining thermal properties
EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Weldable reinforcing steel — General
EN 10088 (all parts), Stainless steels
prEN 10138 (all parts), Prestressing steels
EN 10346:2009, Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products — Technical delivery conditions
EN 12602:2008, Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete
EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification
using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services
EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and
test methods (ISO 1461)
EN ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical
method (ISO 1463)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE 1 Examples of lintel types are shown in Figures 1 to 3. The figures are only for illustration of lintel
types. Other details such as bearings, thermal insulation systems and damp proof courses are not shown.
NOTE 2 General dimensions defined in Clause 3 are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
3.1.1
autoclaved aerated concrete lintel
lintel manufactured using reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete
3.1.2
bearing length
length of the end of a lintel which bears on its support
3.1.3
built-in length
minimum length needed to anchor the reinforcing bars
3.1.4
clear opening
clear distance between lintel supports
3.1.5
combined lintel
lintel consisting of two or more structural elements each one acting with compression and tension
zones
3.1.6
composite lintel
lintel comprising a prefabricated part and a complementary element of in-situ masonry or concrete
above, acting together
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3.1.7
composite lintel height
overall height of the tension and compression zones of a composite lintel
3.1.8
concrete lintel
lintel manufactured using reinforced or prestressed concrete
3.1.9
declared value
value for a product property, determined in accordance with this standard, that a manufacturer is
confident of achieving, bearing in mind the variability of the manufacturing process
3.1.10
effective span
distance between the centres of the bearing of a lintel, or the clear opening spanned by the lintel plus
the overall height of the lintel including any complementary element, whichever is the lesser
3.1.11
flexural resistance
mean uniformly distributed load at which failure of a sample of lintel specimens occurs (or a lower
load at which tests are stopped in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the
lintel)
3.1.12
lintel
lineal element supporting load over an opening in a masonry wall
3.1.13
lintel height
overall height of the prefabricated part of a lintel
3.1.14
lintel length
overall length of the prefabricated lintel
3.1.15
load bearing capacity
mean value for a sample of lintels of the total of the uniformly distributed load at failure or at an
extreme deflection, whichever is the lesser
3.1.16
load ratio
ratio of inner leaf load to outer leaf load on a lintel supporting a double-leaf or cavity wall
3.1.17
masonry lintel
lintel comprising one or more shell casing units completed by the incorporation within the shell casing
of reinforced or prestressed concrete
3.1.18
shear resistance
mean shear load at which failure of a sample of lintel specimens occurs (or a lower load at which tests
are stopped in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the lintel)
3.1.19
shell casing unit
preformed component with one or more channels into which is incorporated either reinforced or
prestressed concrete
7
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3.1.20
single lintel
prefabricated lintel acting alone
3.1.21
declared deflection
deflection at one third of the declared load capacity of the lintel
3.1.22
steel lintel
lintel manufactured from steel
3.1.23
structural shell casing unit
shell casing unit which is made of a material with a compressive strength not less than that of the infill
concrete
3.2 Symbols
NOTE General dimensions are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
b is the smallest width of a structural shell casing unit specimen, in mm (see Figure 5);
s
b is the bearing length, in mm;
d is the height of the prefabricated part of the composite lintel;
ppcl
d is the composite lintel height, in mm;
c
d is the lintel height, in mm;
l
δ is the declared deflection in a vertical direction, in mm;
dv
δ is the declared deflection in a horizontal direction, in mm;
dh
h is the height of the masonry unit;
u
t is the thickness of the bedjoint;
bj
h is the cut length of a structural shell casing unit specimen, in mm (see Figure 5);
s
l is the lintel length, in mm;
l is the clear opening, in mm;
0
l is the effective length, in mm;
e
F is the tensile resistance of the prefabricated part in the ultimate limit state;
tkl
f is the initial shear strength between the prefabricated part of the lintel and the mortar in the bed
vk0i
joint above.
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Key
1 supported masonry
2 single lintel
Figure 1 — Example of a single lintel (see 3.1.20)
Key
1 supported masonry
2 complementary element (masonry or concrete)
3 prefabricated part
Figure 2 — Example of a composite lintel (see 3.1.6)
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SIST EN 845-2:2013
EN 845-2:2013 (E)
Key
1 supported masonry - outer leaf 3 inner leaf lintel
2 outer leaf lintel 4 supported masonry – inner leaf
Figure 3 — Example of a combined lintel (see 3.1.5)
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EN 845-2:2013 (E)
Key
1 lintels other than composite lintels
2 composite lintel
Figure 4 — General dimensions
4 Materials
4.1 Steel lintels
Materials for the manufacture of steel lintels covered by this standard shall be selected from Annex
C.1 and the material/coating reference shall be declared.
4.2 Concrete lintels
Concrete lintels shall be fabricated from reinforced or prestressed concrete with or without
non-structural shell casing units.
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Steel for the reinforcement of concrete shall conform to EN 10080.
Stainless steel for reinforcement shall conform to EN 10088-5.
Prestressing steels shall conform to prEN 10138 (all parts).
For lintels covered by this standard, wire diameters shall be 2,5 mm or greater.
The concrete shall conform with the material requirements clauses of EN 206-1.
Autoclaved aerated concrete shall conform to EN 12602 (definition and material requirement clauses
only).
4.3 Masonry lintels
Masonry lintels shall be fabricated using reinforced or prestressed concrete, masonry mortar, and
structural or non-structural shell casing masonry units as follows:
a) concrete and steel in accordance with 4.2;
b) masonry mortar in accordance with EN 998-2;
c) shell casing units shall be made from:
1) clay in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-1;
2) calcium silicate in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-2;
3) aggregate concrete in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-3;
4) autoclaved aerated concrete in accordance with the material requirement clauses of
EN 771-4;
5) manufactured stone in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-5;
6) natural stone in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-6.
NOTE All shell casing units can contribute to the mechanical performance of the lintel. However, where
their contribution is verified by calculation methods or the shell casing units are taken into account in
providing cover to the reinforcement, they are deemed to be structural shell casing units.
The compressive strength of structural shell casing units shall be determined in accordance with the
principles of EN 772-1 using a cut specimen. Specimen set up and dimensional relationships are
given in Figure 5.
12
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EN 845-2:2013 (E)
Key
1 two specimens tested together to achieve symmetrical loading
2 cut length h equals smallest width b
s s
Figure 5 — Specimens for compressive strength test on structural shell casing units
Corresponding mortar joints shall be selected to meet the design performance requirements of the
lintel.
4.4 Combined and composite lintels
If the declaration or additional information for composite lintels includes an assumption about
materials or components needed, but not supplied by the lintel manufacturer, to complete the lintel,
then the required properties shall be specified in accordance with this or other relevant European
Standards or European Technical Approvals.
5 Requirements
5.1 General
The requirements and properties specified in this standard shall be defined in terms of the test
methods and procedures referred to in this European Standard.
NOTE 1 Guidance on the use and installation of lintels is given in informative Annexes A and B.
NOTE 2 The conformity criteria given in 5.2 to 5.11 inclusive relate to initial type tests (see 8.2) and, where
relevant, consignment testing (see 8.4).
For production evaluation, conformity criteria in the factory production control documentation shall be
defined.
5.2 Dimensions, mass and limit deviations
5.2.1 Dimensions
The length, width and height of the lintel shall be declared and, in the case of non-rectangular shapes
or cross sections, a drawing of the configuration with dimensions shall be given.
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5.2.2 Mass per unit area
The mass and the mass per unit area on elevation of the lintel shall be declared. The mass shall be
determined from specimens sampled in accordance with Clause 8 using instruments capable of
measuring and weighing the specimen to an error limit of 0,1 % of each reading. The mean mass of
the specimens shall be divided by the product of the mean overall length and the mean overall height
to give the mass per unit area on elevation. The deviation from the declared value of mass shall not
exceed 5 %.
5.2.3 Built-in length
The minimum built-in length, which shall be not less than 100 mm, shall be declared.
5.2.4 Deviation from declared values
When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and measured by the method of EN 846-11, the
deviations from the declared values for dimensions and intended shapes or cross-sections shall not
exceed those given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Dimensional deviations
Dimension Limit deviation
Length ± 15 mm
Width and height ± 5 mm
Straightness or bow (horizontal and 0,5 % of the length, subject to a maximum value of
vertical curvature) 10 mm from the intended profile
Camber of prefabricated part of the 0,7 % of the length fro
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Specifikacija za dodatne komponente zidovja - 2. del: PrekladeFestlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil 2: StürzeSpecification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels91.080.30Zidane konstrukcijeMasonry91.060.10Stene. Predelne stene. FasadeWalls. Partitions. FacadesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 845-2kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012en,fr,de01-december-2012kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 845-2
September 2012 ICS 91.080.30 Will supersede EN 845-2:2003English Version
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil 2: Stürze This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 125.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 845-2:2012: EkSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 41 Scope. 52 Normative references . 53 Terms, definitions and symbols . 63.1 Terms and definitions . 63.2 Symbols . 84 Materials . 114.1 Steel lintels . 114.2 Concrete lintels . 114.3 Masonry lintels . 124.4 Combined and composite lintels . 135 Requirements . 135.1 General . 135.2 Dimensions, mass and limit deviations . 135.2.1 Dimensions . 135.2.2 Mass per unit area . 145.2.3 Built-in length . 145.2.4 Deviation from declared values . 145.3 Mechanical performance and information to obtain the mechanical performance . 145.3.1 Single lintels, combined lintels and composite lintels . 145.3.2 Prefabricated part of composite lintels . 155.4 Durability . 165.4.1 General . 165.4.2 Steel lintels . 165.4.3 Concrete lintels and masonry lintels . 165.5 Water penetration and installation . 165.6 Thermal properties . 165.7 Freeze/thaw resistance . 175.7.1 General . 175.7.2 Steel lintels . 175.7.3 Concrete lintels . 175.7.4 Masonry lintels . 175.8 Resistance to fire . 175.9 Water absorption . 175.9.1 General . 175.9.2 Steel lintels . 175.9.3 Other lintels . 175.10 Water vapour permeability . 185.11 Dangerous substances. 186 Description and designation . 187 Marking . 218 Evaluation of conformity . 228.1 General . 228.2 Initial type tests . 228.2.1 General . 228.2.2 Single lintels, combined lintels and composite lintels as defined in 3.1 . 228.2.3 Prefabricated part of composite lintels . 238.3 Factory production control . 23kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 3 8.3.1 General . 238.3.2 Testing and measuring equipment . 248.3.3 Production equipment . 248.3.4 Raw materials . 248.3.5 Production process . 248.3.6 Finished product testing . 248.3.7 Statistical techniques . 248.3.8 Marking and stock control of products . 258.3.9 Traceability . 258.3.10 Nonconforming products . 258.4 Sampling for initial type testing and independent testing of consignments . 25Annex A (informative)
Method for assessment of loads on lintels . 26Annex B (informative)
Recommendations for installation of lintels . 27B.1 Bearings . 27B.2 Installation . 27B.3 Composite lintels . 27Annex C (normative)
Corrosion protection systems . 28C.1 Steel lintels . 28C.2 Concrete and masonry lintels (except those manufactured using autoclaved aerated concrete) . 31C.3 Lintels manufactured using autoclaved aerated concrete . 32Annex D (informative)
Guidance on FPC frequencies . 33Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 35Bibliography . 42 kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (FprEN 845-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 125 “Masonry”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede EN 845-2:2003. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This part has been modified to take into account comments made in the five-year review on the 2003 version. A change has been made in the permission to use historic test data when arriving at declared values; a limited permission is also given for the use of calculation methods in certain cases.
EN 845, Specification for ancillary components for masonry, consists of the following parts:
Part 1: Wall ties, tension straps, hangers and brackets; Part 2: Lintels; Part 3: Bed joint reinforcement of steel meshwork. kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for maximum spans of 4,5 m and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete, fired clay units, calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or a combination of these materials. Concrete and steel beams conforming to EN 1090-1, EN 12602 and EN 13225, as appropriate, are not covered by this Standard. Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel. This European Standard is not applicable to: a) lintels completely made on site; b) lintels of which, the tensile parts are made on site; c) timber lintels; d) natural stone lintels, not reinforced. Linear components spanning clear openings greater than 4,5 m in masonry walls and linear components intended for use independently in a structural role (e.g. beams) are not covered by this standard. 2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1:2000, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 771 (all parts), Specification for masonry units EN 772-1, Methods of test for masonry units — Part 1: Determination of compressive strength EN 772-11, Methods of test for masonry units — Part 11: Determination of water absorption of aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units EN 846-9, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 9: Determination of flexural resistance and shear resistance of lintels EN 846-11, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 11: Determination of dimensions and bow of lintels EN 846-13:2001, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 13: Determination of resistance to impact, abrasion and corrosion of organic coatings EN 846-14, Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry — Part 14: Determination of the initial shear strength between the prefabricated part of a composite lintel and the masonry above it EN 990, Test methods for verification of corrosion protection of reinforcement in autoclaved aerated concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure EN 998-2:2010, Specification for mortar for masonry — Part 2: Masonry mortar kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 6 EN 1745, Masonry and masonry products — Methods for determining thermal properties EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Weldable reinforcing steel — General EN 10088 (all parts), Stainless steels prEN 10138 (all parts), Prestressing steels EN 10346:2009, Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products — Technical delivery conditions EN 12602:2008, Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance test,s excluding ventilation services EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and test methods (ISO 1461) EN ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method (ISO 1463) 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE 1 Examples of lintel types are shown in Figures 1 to 3. The figures are only for illustration of lintel types. Other details such as bearings, thermal insulation systems and damp proof courses are not shown. NOTE 2 General dimensions defined in Clause 3 are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. 3.1.1 autoclaved aerated concrete lintel lintel manufactured using reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete 3.1.2 bearing length length of the end of a lintel which bears on its support 3.1.3 built-in length minimum length needed to anchor the reinforcing bars 3.1.4 clear opening clear distance between lintel supports 3.1.5 combined lintel lintel consisting of two or more structural elements each one acting with compression and tension zones 3.1.6 composite lintel lintel comprising a prefabricated part and a complementary element of in-situ masonry or concrete above, acting together kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 7 3.1.7 composite lintel height overall height of the tension and compression zones of a composite lintel 3.1.8 concrete lintel lintel manufactured using reinforced or prestressed concrete 3.1.9 declared value value for a product property, determined in accordance with this standard, that a manufacturer is confident of achieving bearing, in mind the variability of the manufacturing process 3.1.10 effective span distance between the centres of the bearing of a lintel, or the clear opening spanned by the lintel plus the overall height of the lintel including any complementary element, whichever is the lesser 3.1.11 flexural resistance mean uniformly distributed load at which failure of a sample of lintel specimens occurs (or a lower load at which tests are stopped in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the lintel) 3.1.12 lintel lineal element supporting load over an opening in a masonry wall 3.1.13 lintel height overall height of the prefabricated part of a lintel 3.1.14 lintel length overall length of the prefabricated lintel 3.1.15 load bearing capacity mean value for a sample of lintels of the total of the uniformly distributed load at failure or at an extreme deflection, whichever is the lesser 3.1.16
load ratio ratio of inner leaf load to outer leaf load on a lintel supporting a double-leaf or cavity wall 3.1.17 masonry lintel lintel comprising one or more shell casing units completed by the incorporation within the shell casing of reinforced or prestressed concrete 3.1.18 shear resistance mean shear load at which failure of a sample of lintel specimens occurs (or a lower load at which tests are stopped in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the lintel) 3.1.19 shell casing unit preformed component with one or more channels into which is incorporated either reinforced or prestressed concrete kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 8 3.1.20 single lintel prefabricated lintel acting alone 3.1.21 declared deflection deflection at one third of the declared load capacity of the lintel 3.1.22 steel lintel lintel manufactured from steel 3.1.23 structural shell casing unit shell casing unit which is made of a material with a compressive strength not less than that of the infill concrete 3.2 Symbols NOTE General dimensions are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. bs
is the smallest width of a structural shell casing unit specimen, in mm, (see Figure 5); b is the bearing length, in mm; dppcl is the height of the prefabricated part of the composite lintel; dc is the composite lintel height, in mm; dl is the lintel height, in mm; δdv is the declared deflection in a vertical direction, in mm; δdh is the declared deflection in a horizontal direction, in mm; hu is the height of the masonry unit; tbj is the thickness of the bedjoint; hs is the cut length of a structural shell casing unit specimen, in mm, (see Figure 5); l is the lintel length, in mm; lo is the clear opening, in mm; le is the effective length, in mm; Ftkl
is the tensile resistance of the prefabricated part in the ultimate limit state; fvk0i
is the initial shear strength between the prefabricated part of the lintel
and the mortar in the bed joint above. kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 9 2dl1 Key 1 Supported masonry 2 Single lintel Figure 1 — Example of a single lintel (see 3.1.20) 123dppcldc Key 1 Supported
masonry 2 Complementary element (masonry or concrete) 3 Prefabricated part Figure 2 — Example of a composite lintel (see 3.1.6)
kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 10 dl1234 Key 1 supported masonry - outer leaf 3 Inner leaf lintel 2 Outer leaf lintel 4 Supported masonry – inner leaf
Figure 3 — Example of a combined lintel (see 3.1.5)
kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 11 lbl0ledppcldppcldc12 Key 1 Lintels other than composite lintels 2 Composite lintel Figure 4 — General dimensions 4 Materials 4.1 Steel lintels Materials for the manufacture of steel lintels covered by this standard shall be selected from C.1 and the material/coating reference shall be declared.
4.2 Concrete lintels Concrete lintels shall be fabricated from reinforced or prestressed concrete with or without non structural shell casing units.
kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 12 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete shall conform to EN 10080.
Stainless steel for reinforcement shall conform to EN 10088-5. Prestressing steels shall conform to prEN 10138 (all parts).
For lintels covered by this standard, wire diameters shall be 2,5 mm or greater. The concrete shall conform with the material requirements clauses of EN 206-1. Autoclaved aerated concrete shall conform to EN 12602 (definition and material requirement clauses only). 4.3 Masonry lintels Masonry lintels shall be fabricated using reinforced or prestressed concrete, masonry mortar, and structural or non-structural shell casing masonry units as follows: a) concrete and steel in accordance with 4.2; b) masonry mortar in accordance with EN 998-2; c) shell casing units shall be made from: 1) clay in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-1; 2) calcium silicate in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-2; 3) aggregate concrete in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-3; 4) autoclaved aerated concrete in accordance with the material requirement clauses of
EN 771-4; 5) manufactured stone in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-5; 6) natural stone in accordance with the material requirement clauses of EN 771-6. NOTE All shell casing units can contribute to the mechanical performance of the lintel. However, where their contribution is verified by calculation methods or the shell casing units are taken into account in providing cover to the reinforcement, they are deemed to be structural shell casing units. The compressive strength of structural shell casing units shall be determined in accordance with the principles of EN 772-1 using a cut specimen. Specimen set up and dimensional relationships are given in Figure 5. kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 13 12bhss Key 1 Two specimens tested together to achieve symmetrical loading 2 Cut length hs equals smallest width bs Figure 5 — Specimens for compressive strength test on structural shell casing units Corresponding mortar joints shall be selected to meet the design performance requirements of the lintel; see footnote e to Table C.3. 4.4 Combined and composite lintels If the declaration or additional information for composite lintels includes an assumption about materials or components needed, but not supplied by the lintel manufacturer, to complete the lintel, then the required properties shall be specified in accordance with this or other relevant European Standards or European Technical Approvals. 5 Requirements 5.1 General The requirements and properties specified in this standard shall be defined in terms of the test methods and procedures referred to in this European Standard. NOTE 1 Guidance on the use and installation of lintels is given in Informative Annexes A and B. NOTE 2 The conformity criteria given in 5.2 to 5.10 inclusive relate to initial type tests (see 8.2) and, where relevant, consignment testing (see 8.4). For production evaluation, conformity criteria in the factory production control documentation shall be defined. 5.2 Dimensions, mass and limit deviations 5.2.1 Dimensions The length, width and height of the lintel shall be declared and, in the case of non rectangular shapes or cross sections, a drawing of the configuration with dimensions shall be given.
kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 14 5.2.2 Mass per unit area The mass and the mass per unit area on elevation of the lintel shall be declared. The mass shall be determined from specimens sampled in accordance with Clause 8 using instruments capable of measuring and weighing the specimen to an error limit of 0,1 % of each reading. The mean mass of the specimens shall be divided by the product of the mean overall length and the mean overall height to give the mass per unit area on elevation. The deviation from the declared value of mass shall not exceed 5 %. 5.2.3 Built-in length The minimum built-in length, which shall be not less than 100 mm, shall be declared. 5.2.4 Deviation from declared values When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and measured by the method of EN 846-11, the deviations from the declared values for dimensions and intended shapes or cross-sections shall not exceed those given in Table 1. Table 1 — Dimensional deviations Dimension Limit deviation Length ± 15 mm Width and height ± 5 mm Straightness or bow (horizontal and vertical curvature) 0,5 % of the length, subject to a maximum value of 10 mm from the intended profile Camber of prefabricated part of the composite lintel 0,7 % of the length from the intended profile
5.3 Mechanical performance and information to obtain the mechanical performance 5.3.1 Single lintels, combined lintels and composite lintels
5.3.1.1 General The load bearing capacity shall be declared from the results of tests, using test methods specified in this standard, or from their interpretation. When calculation models are used to interpret and extend the results obtained from testing they should be based on a mechanical approach and appropriate material properties. Historic test data may be used to demonstrate the validity of the calculation model. The ultimate demonstration of compliance with this standard shall be by testing, in accordance with the methods in EN 846-9, on samples selected in accordance with Clause 8. 5.3.1.2 Load bearing capacity and load ratio
The requirements for flexural resistance in accordance with 5.3.1.3 and shear load resistance in accordance with 5.3.1.5 shall be met in all cases. NOTE The declared value of load bearing capacity is based on the lower of the flexural resistance (see 5.3.1.3) and twice the shear load resistance (see 5.3.1.5). kSIST FprEN 845-2:2012
FprEN 845-2:2012 (E) 15 The load bearing capacity in kN/m of the lintel shall be declared as a mean value.
When required, the characteristic value shall also be declared. Unless otherwise stated, these values shall be those corresponding to the applicable maximum clear opening taking into account the declared values of the minimum bearing length and the length of the lintel. Where lintels are intended to support two or more leaves of masonry, any restrictions on the distribution of load across the width of the lintel in terms of the range of load ratios that can be used shall be declared. 5.3.1.3 Flexural resistance When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and tested by the method of EN 846-9, the flexural resistance shall be greater than or equal to the declared value of load bearing capacity in accordance with 5.3.1.2 and no individual value of flexural failure load shall be less than 90 % of the declared value of load bearing capacity. When it is required to declare a characteristic value in addition to declaring the vertical load capacity according to EN 846-9 as a mean of the test results, the characteristic value should be taken as 0,9 of the mean value. 5.3.1.4 Short term deflection The short term vertical deflection, δdv, and also the horizontal deflection, δdh, when relevant, at one third of the declared load bearing capacity shall be declared. When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and tested in accordance with EN 846-9, for flexural resistance, the appropriate mean deflections of the sample, as relevant, measured at one third of the declared load bearing
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