Luminaires - Part 2-22: Particular requirements - Luminaires for emergency lighting (IEC 60598-2-22:1997)

Specifies requirements for emergency lighting luminaires for use with tungsten filament fluorescent and other discharge lamps on energency power supplies not exceeding 1 000 V.

Leuchten - Teil 2-22: Besondere Anforderungen - Leuchten für Notbeleuchtung (IEC 60598-2-22:1997)

Luminaires - Partie 2-22: Règles particulières - Luminaires pour éclairage de secours (CEI 60598-2-22:1997)

Détaille les prescriptions applicables aux luminaires pour éclairage de secours à utiliser avec des lampes à filament de tungstène, des lampes tubulaires à fluorescence ou autres lampes à décharge, pour des tensions d'alimentation de secours ne dépassant pas 1 000 V.

Svetilke - 2-22. del: Posebne zahteve - Svetilke za nujnostno razsvetljavo (IEC 60598-2-22:1997) (vsebuje popravke AC:1999, AC:2005 in AC:2007)

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Aug-2000
Withdrawal Date
20-Aug-2017
Current Stage
9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
Start Date
21-Aug-2017
Due Date
13-Sep-2017
Completion Date
21-Aug-2017

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
01-september-2000
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60598-2-22:1996
Svetilke - 2-22. del: Posebne zahteve - Svetilke za nujnostno razsvetljavo (IEC
60598-2-22:1997) (vsebuje popravke AC:1999, AC:2005 in AC:2007)
Luminaires - Part 2-22: Particular requirements - Luminaires for emergency lighting (IEC
60598-2-22:1997)
Leuchten - Teil 2-22: Besondere Anforderungen - Leuchten für Notbeleuchtung (IEC
60598-2-22:1997)
Luminaires - Partie 2-22: Règles particulières - Luminaires pour éclairage de secours
(CEI 60598-2-22:1997)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60598-2-22:1998
ICS:
29.140.40 Svetila Luminaires
SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

Corrigendum to EN 60598-2-22:1998
English version
___________
NOTE This corrigendum replaces the corrigendum February 1999.
Foreword
Replace the latest date for withdrawal of national conflicting standards (dow) by:
- latest date by which national standards conflicting
 with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-03-01
Annex ZA
the reference to IEC 60598-1 by:
Replace
IEC 60598-1 sliding,
Luminaires EN 60598-1 sliding,
(mod) latest Part 1: General requirements and tests latest
edition edition
Annex ZB
Add:
Clause Deviation
22.4 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.4.1)
“Rest mode”: The self contained emergency luminaires shall be provided with a “rest mode”
facility, which must be placed built-in or outside the equipment.
22.13 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.4.1)
Resistance to dust and moisture: The minimum IP classification of a self contained
emergency luminaire with fluorescent lamps shall be IP 22.
22.16.1  (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Spain
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.1.1 & 3.1.2)
Rated duration of operation: The rated duration of operation for the self contained
emergency luminaires used for Safety lighting (escape or ambient lighting) shall be equal or
higher than 1 hour.
22.16.1 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.4.1)
Functional safety: The minimum rated lumen output for self contained emergency luminaires
with incandescent lamps shall be 30 lumen.
22.17.1 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.1)
Changeover operation from normal to emergency mode shall occur when the normal supply
voltage is less than 0,7 times the rated value.
___________
December 2005

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000

Corrigendum to EN 60598-2-22:1998
English version
___________
NOTE This corrigendum replaces the corrigendum December 2005.
Foreword
Replace the latest date for withdrawal of national conflicting standards (dow) by:
- latest date by which national standards conflicting
 with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-03-01
Annex ZA
Replace the reference to IEC 60598-1 by:
IEC 60598-1 sliding, Luminaires EN 60598-1 sliding,
(mod) latest Part 1: General requirements and tests latest
edition edition
Annex ZB
Add:
Clause Deviation
22.4 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.4.1)
“Rest mode”: The self contained emergency luminaires shall be provided with a “rest mode”
facility, which must be placed built-in or outside the equipment.
22.13 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.4.1)
Resistance to dust and moisture: The minimum IP classification of a self contained
emergency luminaire with fluorescent lamps shall be IP 22.
22.16.1 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.1.1 & 3.1.2)
Rated duration of operation: The rated duration of operation for the self contained emergency
luminaires used for Safety lighting (escape or ambient lighting) shall be equal or higher than
1 hour.
22.16.1 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.4.1)
Functional safety: The minimum rated lumen output for self contained emergency luminaires
with incandescent lamps shall be 30 lumen.
22.17.1 Spain (Royal Decree 842/2002; Spanish regulation on low voltage installations: Technical
Instruction ITC-BT-28: Chapter 3.1)
Changeover operation from normal to emergency mode shall occur when the normal supply
voltage is less than 0,7 times the rated value.
___________
October 2007

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60598-2-22
INTERNATIONAL
Troisième édition
STANDARD
Third edition
1997-08
Luminaires –
Partie 2-22:
Règles particulières –
Luminaires pour éclairage de secours
Luminaires –
Part 2-22:
Particular requirements –
Luminaires for emergency lighting
 IEC 1997 Droits de reproduction réservés  Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
T
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 5
Clause
22.1 Scope . 7
22.2 General test requirements . 9
22.3 Definitions. 9
22.4 Classification of luminaires. 13
22.5 Marking. 13
22.6 Construction . 17
22.7 Creepage distances and clearances . 23
22.8 Provision of earthing . 23
22.9 Terminals. 23
22.10 External and internal wiring . 23
22.11 Protection against electric shock . 23
22.12 Endurance test and thermal test . 23
22.13 Resistance to dust and moisture. 27
22.14 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 27
22.15 Resistance to heat, fire and tracking. 27
22.16 Functional safety. 27
22.17 Changeover operation . 31
22.18 High temperature operation. 33
22.19 Battery chargers for self-contained emergency luminaires . 33
22.20 Test devices for emergency operation . 33
Annexes
A Batteries for emergency luminaires . 37
B Luminaire classification. 41
C Luminance measurements . 45
D Rest mode and inhibition mode facilities. 47

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_________
LUMINAIRES –
Part 2-22: Particular requirements –
Luminaires for emergency lighting
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60598-2-22 has been prepared by subcommittee 34D: Luminaires,
of IEC technical committee 34: Lamps and related equipment.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1990 and constitutes a
technical revision.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60598-1.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
34D/462/FDIS 34D/464/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A, B and C form an integral part of this standard.
Annex D is for information only.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 7 –
LUMINAIRES –
Part 2-22: Particular requirements –
Luminaires for emergency lighting
22.1 Scope
This section of IEC 60598-2 specifies requirements for emergency lighting luminaires for use
with electrical light sources on emergency power supplies not exceeding 1 000 V.
This section does not cover "explosion-proof" luminaires for emergency lighting (see
IEC 60079) and does not cover the effects of non-emergency voltage reductions on luminaires
incorporating high-pressure discharge lamps.
This section also includes relevant requirements and tests that shall be conducted and
complied with for control gears, as specified in IEC 60924, that incorporate additional facilities
such as remote control devices, indicators, changeover devices, etc.
22.1.1 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of the ISO/IEC Directives. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this part of the ISO/IEC Directives are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below.
For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60073, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification –
Coding principles for indication devices and actuators
IEC 60079, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 60155, Glow-starters for fluorescent lamps
IEC 60285, Alkaline secondary cells and batteries – Sealed nickel-cadmium cylindrical
rechargeable single cells
IEC 60364-5-56, Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Chapter 56: Safety services
IEC 60598-1, Luminaires – Part 1: General requirements and tests
IEC 60742, Isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers – Requirements
IEC 60896-2, Stationery lead-acid batteries – General requirements and test methods – Part 2:
Valve regulated types
IEC 60924, D.C. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – General and safety
requirements

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 9 –
IEC 60928, Auxiliaries for lamps – A.C. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent
lamps – General and safety requirements
IEC 61046, D.C. or a.c. supplied electric step-down convertors for filament lamps – General
and safety requirements
IEC 61056-1, Portable lead-acid cells and batteries (valve regulated types) – Part 1: General
requirements, functional characteristics – Methods of test
ISO 3864, Safety colours and safety signs
22.2 General test requirements
The provisions of section 0 of IEC 60598-1 shall apply. The tests described in each appropriate
section of IEC 60598-1 shall be carried out in the order listed in this section of IEC 60598-2.
When testing combined emergency luminaires according to the requirements of this section,
the tests shall be limited to those parts of the luminaire which are involved with providing
emergency lighting. The components and parts of the luminaires designed to provide only
normal lighting shall be subjected to the tests according to the requirements of the relevant
section of IEC 60598-2 (for example, if the luminaire is recessed, it shall be tested according to
the requirements of the section dealing with recessed luminaires).
If some elements of an emergency luminaire are adjacent (within 1 m cable length) to the main
part of the luminaire all the elements of the luminaire, including the means of inter-connection,
shall satisfy the relevant requirements of this section.
22.3 Definitions
For the purpose of this section, the definitions of section 1 of IEC 60598-1, in addition to the
definitions of the relevant IEC lighting publications and the following definitions apply:
22.3.1 emergency lighting: Lighting for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails; it
includes emergency escape lighting, high-risk task-area lighting and standby lighting.
22.3.2 emergency escape lighting: That part of emergency lighting that provides illumination
for the safety of people leaving an area or attempting to terminate a dangerous process before
vacating an area.
22.3.3 standby lighting: That part of emergency lighting that enables normal activities to
continue substantially unchanged.
22.3.4 high-risk task-area lighting: The part of emergency lighting provided to ensure the
safety of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable proper
shut-down procedures for the safety of the operator and occupants of the premises.
22.3.5 maintained emergency luminaire: Luminaire in which the emergency lighting lamps
are energized at all times when normal or emergency lighting is required.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 11 –
22.3.6 non-maintained emergency luminaire: Luminaire in which the emergency lighting
lamps are in operation only when the supply to the normal lighting fails.
22.3.7 combined emergency luminaire: Luminaire containing two or more lamps, at least
one of which is energized from the emergency lighting supply and the others from the normal
lighting supply. A combined emergency luminaire is either maintained or non-maintained.
22.3.8 self-contained emergency luminaire: Luminaire providing maintained or non-
maintained emergency lighting in which all the elements, such as the battery, the lamp, the
control unit and the test and monitoring facilities, where provided, are contained within the
luminaire or adjacent to it (that is, within 1 m cable length).
22.3.9 centrally supplied emergency luminaire: Luminaire for maintained or non-
maintained operation which is energized from a central emergency power system that is not
contained within the luminaire.
22.3.10 compound self-contained emergency luminaire: Self-contained luminaire
providing maintained or non-maintained emergency lighting and also providing emergency
supply for operating a satellite luminaire.
22.3.11 satellite emergency luminaire: Luminaire for maintained or non-maintained
operation which derives emergency operation supply from an associated compound self-
contained emergency luminaire.
22.3.12 control unit: Unit or units comprising a supply changeover system, a battery
charging device and, where appropriate, a means for testing.
NOTE – For tubular fluorescent lamp luminaires, this unit may also contain the lamp controlgear.
22.3.13 normal supply failure: Condition in which the normal lighting can no longer provide
a minimum illuminance for emergency escape purposes and when the emergency lighting
should become operative.
22.3.14 emergency luminaire rated lumen output: Lumen output as claimed by the
luminaire manufacturer 60 s (0,25 s for high-risk task-area lighting luminaires) after failure of
the normal supply, and continuously to the end of rated duration of operation.
22.3.15 rated duration of emergency operation: Time, as claimed by the manufacturer, that
the rated emergency lumen output is provided.
22.3.16 normal mode: State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that is ready to operate
in emergency mode while the normal supply is on. In the case of a normal supply failure, the
self-contained luminaire automatically changes over to the emergency mode.
22.3.17 emergency mode: State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that provides
lighting when energized by its internal power source, the normal supply having failed.
22.3.18 rest mode: State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that has been intentionally
extinguished while the normal supply is off and that, in the event of restoration of the normal
supply, automatically reverts to normal mode.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 13 –
22.3.19 maximum overcharge rate: Maximum continuous charge rate that may be applied to
a fully charged battery.
22.3.20 remote inhibiting facility: Means for inhibiting remotely a luminaire associated with
an emergency lighting system.
22.3.21 remote inhibiting mode: State of a self-contained emergency luminaire which is
inhibited from operating by a remote device while the normal supply is on and in case of a
normal supply failure the luminaire does not change-over to emergency mode.
22.4 Classification of luminaires
Emergency lighting luminaires shall be classified in accordance with the provisions of section 2
of IEC 60598-1 except that all emergency lighting shall be classified as suitable for direct
mounting on normally flammable surfaces (F-marked).
Emergency lighting luminaires shall also be classified as specified in annex B.
22.5 Marking
The provisions of section 3 of IEC 60598-1 shall apply together with the requirements of 22.5.1
to 22.5.17 below.
22.5.1 Luminaires shall be clearly marked with the rated supply voltage or voltage range(s).
22.5.2 Luminaires shall be clearly marked with details of their classification according to 22.4
(see annex B).
22.5.3 Luminaires shall be clearly marked with details of the correct replacement lamp in a
position visible during lamp replacement. This ensures that the rated emergency lumen output
can be achieved.
NOTE – The information relating to correct lamp replacement may include the number, type, rated voltage and
rated wattage, etc.
22.5.4 Where appropriate, in addition to t marking, the range of ambient temperature shall
a
be marked or given in the instruction leaflet supplied with the luminaire.
22.5.5 Emergency luminaires employing replaceable fuses and/or replaceable indicator lamps
shall be marked with the details of fuse ratings and/or details of the indicator lamps.
22.5.6 Test facilities to simulate normal supply failure, where provided, shall be clearly
marked so that the marking is visible during routine testing.
22.5.7 Self-contained luminaires shall be clearly marked with the details of correct battery
replacement including the battery type and rated voltage.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 15 –
22.5.8 In self-contained luminaires, the batteries shall be marked with the year and month or
year and week of manufacture and the correct battery disposal method to be followed.
1)
NOTE – For battery disposal marking information, see IEC 61429 .
Space shall be provided on the battery label to permit the marking, by the installer or
commissioning engineer, of the date of commissioning of the battery.
22.5.9 Combined emergency luminaires shall be marked with details relating to correct lamp
replacement for all lamps. If the lamps used in the emergency circuit and the normal supply
circuit differ, the type shall be clearly identified.
Lampholders for emergency lighting lamps in combined luminaires shall be identified by a
green dot, at least 5 mm in diameter, which shall be visible when replacing the lamp.
22.5.10 In the instruction leaflet supplied with the self-contained emergency luminaire, the
manufacturer shall state that the replacement of batteries is needed when the self-contained
luminaire no longer meets its rated duration of operation.
22.5.11 In the instruction leaflet supplied with the luminaire the manufacturer shall give
details of test facilities incorporated in the luminaire or appropriate instructions if these test
facilities are supplied separately. The instructions shall include details of test procedures.
22.5.12 In the instruction leaflet supplied with the luminaire, the manufacturer shall give
details of the connection leads to be used between a compound self-contained luminaire and
an associated satellite luminaire. The maximum length of cables that limits the voltage drop to
3 % shall be specified.
22.5.13 In the instruction leaflet supplied with the luminaire, the manufacturer shall give
details of the rated emergency lumen output in the emergency mode.
22.5.14 In the instruction leaflet supplied with self-contained emergency luminaires, the
manufacturer shall give details of any device which changes the mode of operation.
22.5.15 The manufacturer shall make available the photometric data in accordance
with 22.16.
22.5.16 Any normal preparation procedure for use of the luminaire shall be stated in the
manufacturer's installation instructions. This preparation shall be carried out before type tests
are made.
22.5.17 The marking required by 22.5.1 and 22.5.2 shall be in a position such that the
information can be seen when the luminaire has been installed.
NOTE – For recessed luminaires, this information may be marked on the interior of the luminaire so that it is
visible when the light controlling cover is removed.
22.5.18 Compliance with the requirements of 22.5.1 to 22.5.17 is checked by inspection.
__________
1)
IEC 61429: 1995, Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling symbol ISO 7000-1135.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 17 –
22.6 Construction
The provisions of section 4 of IEC 60598-1 shall apply together with the requirements of 22.6.1
to 22.6.19 below.
22.6.1 In emergency luminaires, fluorescent lamps used to provide emergency lighting shall
start in the emergency mode without the aid of glow starters as specified in IEC 60155. Such
starters shall not be in circuit during the emergency mode. The emergency lighting shall not be
provided by means of fluorescent lamps with built-in glow starters.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
22.6.2 Lamp control gear for operating the emergency lamp(s) and control units incorporated
into emergency luminaires shall comply with IEC 60924, IEC 60928 and IEC 61046.
Compliance is checked by the tests specified in the relevant sections of these standards.
22.6.3 The failure of any one luminaire connected to a circuit shall not affect other luminaires
connected to the same circuit.
NOTE – This requirement can be satisfied by means of a fuse, relay or other protective devices incorporated in
each luminaire, or by protection against excessive fault currents being inherent in the design of the luminaire
circuitry/components.
Compliance is checked by measurement and inspection.
22.6.4 For emergency luminaires, the mechanical strength tests given in 4.13 of IEC 60598-1
shall be applied with a minimum impact energy of 0,35 Nm to all external parts.
22.6.5 Whilst connected to a live supply, self-contained emergency luminaires shall have
adequate separation between the normal supply and live parts in the circuit for battery
charging. When there are exposed live parts, double insulation, reinforced insulation, earth
screen or other equivalent techniques can be used.
Additionally, in the event of bare contacts in the battery charging circuit a safety isolating
transformer shall be used. If a separating transformer is used as insulation between the normal
supply and the battery charging circuit, the insulation in the battery charging circuit shall
consist of at least basic insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests of 22.7 and 22.14
22.6.6 In centrally supplied combined emergency luminaires, electrical separation between
normal and emergency supplies shall be ensured by double insulation, reinforced insulation,
earthed screen or other equivalent means.
NOTE – The use of basic insulation only, for both circuits, or double/reinforced insulation on the normal supply
circuit fulfils this requirement. The connection of both circuits to a terminal block where the required
creepage/clearances are obtained by leaving one terminal free, without the possibility of connection between the
circuits, is also acceptable.
Compliance is checked by inspection.

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SIST EN 60598-2-22:2000
60598-2-22 © IEC:1997 – 19 –
22.6.7 Self-contained emergency luminaires shall have adjacent to them or incorporated in
them a device for charging the battery from the normal supply and an indicator visible in normal
use, for example a lamp, which shows the following conditions:
a) the battery is being charged;
b) circuit continuity exists through the tungsten filament of emergency lighting lamps where
appropriate.
Where an electrical light source indicator is used, it shall comply with the colour requirements
of IEC 60073. When a single indicator provides dual functions, either re
...

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