SIST EN 14373:2006
(Main)Explosion suppression systems
Explosion suppression systems
This European Standard describes the basic requirements for the design and application of explosion suppression systems. This European Standard also specifies a method for evaluating the effectiveness and the scale up of explosion suppression systems against defined explosions. It gives the criteria for alternative test apparatus used to undertake explosion suppression efficacy tests and criteria to be applied in defining the safe operating regime of an explosion suppression system.
It covers:
general requirements for explosion suppression components;
evaluating the effectiveness of an explosion suppression system;
evaluating the scale up of an explosion suppression system;
evaluation and development of design tools for explosion suppression systems;
instructions for installation of an explosion suppression system;
maintenance instructions for an explosion suppression system.
This European Standard is applicable only to explosion suppression systems intended for the protection of closed, or essentially closed, enclosures in which an explosion may result as a consequence of ignition of an explosible mixtures, e.g. dust-air mixtures, gas(vapour)-air mixtures, dust-gas(vapour)-air mixtures and mists.
This European Standard is not applicable for explosions of materials listed below, or for mixtures containing some of those materials:
unstable materials that are liable to dissociate;
explosive materials;
pyrotechnic materials;
pyrophoric materials.
NOTE For the listed materials expert advice is required.
Explosions-Unterdrückungssysteme
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die Grundanforderungen für die Konstruktion und Anwendung von Explosions-Unterdrückungssystemen. Diese Europäische Norm legt außerdem ein Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit und Reichweite von Explosions-Unterdrückungssystemen bei bestimmten Explosionen fest. Die Norm gibt Kriterien für alternative Prüfeinrichtungen an, die bei Prüfungen zur Wirksamkeit der Explosions-Unterdrückung gelten, und sie enthält Kriterien, die bei der Festlegung des sicheren Arbeitsbereichs eines Explosions-Unterdrückungssystems anzuwenden sind.
Sie behandelt:
- allgemeine Anforderungen an Komponenten für Explosions-Unterdrückung;
- Bewerten des Leistungsvermögens eines Explosions-Unterdrückungssystems;
- Bewerten der Reichweite eines Explosions-Unterdrückungssystems;
- Bewertung und Entwicklung einer Konstruktionsanleitung für Explosions-Unterdrückungssysteme;
- Anweisungen für den Einbau eines Explosions-Unterdrückungssystems;
- Instandhaltungsanweisungen für ein Explosions-Unterdrückungssystem.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nur für Explosions-Unterdrückungssysteme, die zum Schutz von geschlossenen oder im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Gehäusen vorgesehen sind, in denen eine Explosion durch die Zündung eines explosionsfähigen Gemisches, z. B. Staub/Luft-Gemischen, Gas(Dampf)/Luft-Gemischen, Staub/Gas(Dampf)/ Luft-Gemischen und Nebeln, entstehen kann.
Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht anwendbar bei Explosionen von nachstehend aufgeführten Stoffen oder Gemischen, die diese Stoffe enthalten:
- instabile Stoffe, die möglicherweise zerfallen können;
- Explosivstoffe;
- pyrotechnische Materialien;
- pyrophore Stoffe.
ANMERKUNG Für die aufgeführten Stoffe ist ein Sachverständigengutachten erforderlich.
Systemes de suppression d'explosion
La présente Norme européenne décrit les exigences minimales concernant les composants de suppression des explosions pour la conception et l’application des systemes de suppression des explosions. La présente norme spécifie également une méthode d’évaluation de l’efficacité et de l’extrapolation des systemes de suppression des explosions par rapport a des explosions définies. Elle fournit les criteres des appareillages d’essai alternatifs utilisés pour réaliser des essais d’efficacité de suppression des explosions ainsi que les criteres a appliquer pour définir le régime de fonctionnement en toute sécurité d’un systeme de suppression des explosions.
La présente norme couvre :
- exigences générales concernant les composants de suppression des explosions ;
- l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'un systeme de suppression des explosions ;
- l'évaluation de l’extrapolation d'un systeme de suppression des explosions ;
- évaluation et développement d’outils de conception pour les systemes de suppression des explosions ;
- instructions pour l'installation d'un systeme de suppression des explosions ;
- instructions concernant la maintenance d'un systeme de suppression des explosions.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique uniquement aux systemes de suppression des explosions destinés a protéger des enveloppes fermées ou notablement fermées, dans lesquelles une explosion peut etre la conséquence de l'inflammation de mélanges explosibles, par exemple mélanges poussiere-air, mélanges gaz (vapeur)-air, mélanges poussiere-gaz (vapeur)-air et brouillards.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux explosions des matieres énumérées ci-dessous ou aux mélanges contenant certaines de ces matieres :
- matieres non stables susceptibles de se dissocier ;
- matieres explosives ;
- matieres pyrotechniques ;
- matieres pyrophoriques.
NOTE Pour les matieres énumérées, l'avis d'un expert est requis.
Sistemi za dušenje eksplozij
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Explosion suppression systemsSistemi za dušenje eksplozijSystemes de suppression d'explosionExplosions-Unterdrückungssysteme13.230Varstvo pred eksplozijoExplosion protectionICS:SIST EN 14373:2006enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14373:200501-februar-2006SIST EN 14373:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14373October 2005ICS 13.230 English VersionExplosion suppression systemsSystèmes de suppression d'explosionExplosionsunterdrückungs-SystemeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 August 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14373:2005: E
EN 14373:2005 (E) 2 Contents
Page Foreword.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Explosion suppression.10 4.1 General.10 4.2 Influencing factors.11 4.2.1 General.11 4.2.2 The explosion hazard.11 4.2.3 The explosion suppressant.12 4.2.4 The suppression system.12 4.2.5 Interrelation.12 5 General requirements for explosion suppression components.13 5.1 Detection.13 5.1.1 General.13 5.1.2 Optical detection.13 5.1.3 Pressure detection.13 5.2 Suppressant.13 5.3 HRD-suppressors.14 5.4 Control and Indicating Equipment, CIE.15 6 Requirements for the design of an explosion suppression system.15 6.1 General.15 6.2 Hazard definition.15 6.3 Determination of the pred, max as a function of relevant influencing parameters.16 6.3.1 General.16 6.3.2 Validation by testing in one volume.16 6.3.3 Validation by testing in a second volume.22 6.3.4 Elongated enclosures.22 6.3.5 Pipes.23 6.3.6 Occupied spaces.23 6.4 Validation of system design guidelines.23 6.4.1 General.23 6.4.2 Design nomograph.24 6.4.3 Mathematical model for design.25 6.5 Special applications.26 6.5.1 Suppression combined with venting.26 6.5.2 Venting combined with suppression.27 6.5.3 Suppression combined with reduced oxygen concentrations.27 6.5.4 Partial volumes.27 6.5.5 Segregated volumes.28 6.5.6 Obstructed volumes.28 6.6 Test report.29 7 Safety integrity of explosion suppression systems.30 7.1 General.30 7.2 Measures to avoid and control systematic faults.30 7.3 Control of electric connections.30 7.4 Indicators and messages CIE.30 7.5 Energy supply.31 8 Instructions for installation, commissioning and maintenance.31
EN 14373:2005 (E) 3 8.1 General.31 8.2 Installation of cables.31 8.3 Assembling.31 8.3.1 General.31 8.3.2 Assembly.31 8.4 Commissioning.31 8.4.1 General.31 8.4.2 Commissioning phase.31 8.4.3 Instruction.31 8.4.4 Commissioning report.32 8.4.5 Safety.32 8.5 Maintenance.32 8.5.1 General.32 8.5.2 Servicing.32 9 Marking and packaging.32 9.1 General.32 9.2 Explosion suppression system components.33 9.3 Explosion suppression system.34 9.4 Omission of markings.34 Annex A (informative)
Development of nomograph type design guidelines.35 A.1 General.35 A.2 Design nomograph.35 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC of 23 March 1994.39 Bibliography.42 Figures: Figure 1 — Pressure behaviour versus time for a normal and suppressed explosion.11 Figure 2 — Effectiveness of suppressant.14 Figure 3 — Pressure behaviour and pressure rate of pressure rise versus concentration for a normal and suppressed explosion.17 Figure 4 — Maximum reduced explosion pressure, pred, max behaviour versus maximum explosion constant, Kmax.18 Figure 5 — Maximum reduced explosion pressure, pred, max
behaviour versus activation pressure, pa.20 Figure 6 — Maximum reduced explosion pressure, pred, max behaviour versus number of HRD-suppressors, HRDs20 Figure 7 — Maximum reduced explosion pressure, pred, max behaviour versus dispersion agent pressure ps.21 Figure 8 — Design nomograph for a specific explosion suppression system.24 Figure 9 — Calculated maximum reduced explosion overpressure versus measured maximum reduced explosion overpressure for pred, max values up to 0,5 bar.25 Figure 10 — Calculated maximum reduced explosion overpressure versus measured maximum reduced explosion overpressure for pred, max values above 0,5 bar.26 Figure 11 — Example of an enclosure where an explosive concentration prevails only in the lower section.28 Figure A.1— Design nomograph for a specific explosion suppression system.36 Figure A.2 — Design guideline for a fuel range.37 Figure A.3 — Volume limits of the design guideline for a fuel range.37
EN 14373:2005 (E) 4 Tables: Table ZA.A1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 94/9/EC.40
EN 14373:2005 (E) 5 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14373:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 305 “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14373:2005 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard describes the basic requirements for the design and application of explosion suppression systems. This European Standard also specifies a method for evaluating the effectiveness and the scale up of explosion suppression systems against defined explosions. It gives the criteria for alternative test apparatus used to undertake explosion suppression efficacy tests and criteria to be applied in defining the safe operating regime of an explosion suppression system. It covers: general requirements for explosion suppression components; evaluating the effectiveness of an explosion suppression system; evaluating the scale up of an explosion suppression system; evaluation and development of design tools for explosion suppression systems; instructions for installation of an explosion suppression system; maintenance instructions for an explosion suppression system. This European Standard is applicable only to explosion suppression systems intended for the protection of closed, or essentially closed, enclosures in which an explosion may result as a consequence of ignition of an explosible mixtures, e.g. dust-air mixtures, gas(vapour)-air mixtures, dust-gas(vapour)-air mixtures and mists. This European Standard is not applicable for explosions of materials listed below, or for mixtures containing some of those materials: unstable materials that are liable to dissociate; explosive materials; pyrotechnic materials; pyrophoric materials. NOTE For the listed materials expert advice is required. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including amendments) applies. EN 1127-1:1997, Explosive atmospheres — Explosion prevention and protection — Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology EN 13237:2003, Potentially explosive atmospheres — Terms and definitions for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres EN 13673-1, Determination of the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours — Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure EN 13673-2, Determination of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours — Part 2: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure rise
EN 14373:2005 (E) 7 EN 14034-1, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds — Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds prEN 14034-2, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds — Part 2: Determination of the minimum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds prEN 14034-3, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds — Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds EN 14034-4, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 4: Determination of the limiting oxygen concentration LOC of dust clouds prEN 14491, Dust explosion venting protective systems prEN 14994, Gas explosion venting protective systems EN 26184-3, Explosion protection systems — Part 3: Determination of explosion indices of fuel/air mixtures other than dust/air and gas/air mixtures (ISO 6184-3:1985) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1127-1:1997, EN 13237:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 HRD-suppressor appliance containing an explosion suppressant, which can be expelled by the action of internal pressure NOTE 1 This pressure may be stored pressure, or may be obtained by a chemical reaction such as the activation of an explosive or pyrotechnic device. NOTE 2 HRD is the abbreviation of High Rate Discharge. 3.2 suppressant substance contained in the HRD-suppressor which, when dispersed into a volume to be protected, can arrest or prevent a developing explosion in that volume NOTE Three categories of suppressants are in general use, separately or in combination: - powder suppressant; - water suppressant; - chemical suppressant. 3.2.1 powder suppressant powder with recognised flame extinguishing properties such as products based on monoammonium phosphate, potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate NOTE Such suppressants may contain additives to improve their flow properties and their effectiveness.
EN 14373:2005 (E) 8 3.2.2 water suppressant water, cold or hot, used as an explosion suppressant NOTE Additives may be included to provide frost protection, and/or to improve the suppressant effectiveness. 3.2.3 chemical suppressants chemical suppressants with recognised flame-extinguishing properties 3.3 dispersion agent pressure ps maintained pressure in a stored pressure-type suppressor at which the suppressant is dispersed, e.g. dry gas, chemical reaction or the application of heat 3.4 suppressant charge Ms mass or volume of the suppressant contained within the suppressor 3.5 explosion sensor device which is responsive to the changes, caused by a developing explosion, in one or more of the parameters such as pressure, temperature and/or radiation 3.6 explosion detector device or arrangement of apparatus, containing one or more explosion sensors, that responds to a developing explosion by providing an explosion detection signal 3.7 activation pressure pa pressure threshold, above the pressure at ignition of the reactants (pi), at which a detection of the explosion is deemed to have occurred 3.8 reduced (suppressed) explosion pressure pred explosion overpressure, above the pressure at ignition of the reactants (pi), recorded in a suppressed explosion event 3.9 maximum reduced (suppressed) explosion pressure pred,max maximum explosion overpressure, above the pressure at ignition of the reactants (pi), recorded in a suppressed explosion event at optimum fuel concentration 3.10 explosion suppression technique by which burning in an explosive atmosphere is detected and arrested during incipient stages, restricting development of pressure 3.11 explosion suppression system composite arrangement of devices to detect automatically the onset of an explosion and initiate the deployment of suppressant so as to limit the destructive effects of the explosion
EN 14373:2005 (E) 9 3.12 control and indicating equipment CIE explosion protection equipment which controls, records and monitors the explosion sensors/detectors and the explosion protection devices NOTE On detection of an incipient explosion, the CIE activates the explosion protection devices and initiates alarm systems. 3.13
dispersion device device fitted on a HRD-Suppressor and designed to spread the suppressant throughout the volume to be protected 3.14 enclosure
3.14.1 compact enclosure cubic enclosure enclosures having a length (height) to diameter ratio of less than 2 3.14.2 elongated enclosures enclosures with length (height) to diameter ratio of 2 to 10 3.14.3 pipe construction with a ratio length (height) to diameter greater than 10 3.15 combination systems
3.15.1 suppression combined with venting system combining the technology of explosion suppression with explosion venting 3.15.2 venting combined with suppression system designed to minimise flame ejection out of an explosion vent 3.15.3 reduced oxygen concentration combined with suppression system where a reduced oxygen concentration is used to minimise the explosion intensity and suppression is used to suppress the reduced explosion intensity 3.16 design strength of enclosure p (plant strength)
3.16.1 explosion resistant enclosures enclosures and equipment, inclusive of attached pipelines, which are designed in accordance with CEN-regulation, such that the expected explosion pressure can be withstood without permanent deformation 3.16.2 explosion shock resistant enclosures enclosures and equipment, inclusive of attached pipelines, which are designed in accordance with CEN-regulation such that they will resist the anticipated overpressure of an explosion. Unlike the criteria for explosion resistant enclosures, with explosion shock resistant enclosures some plastic deformation is allowable. In designing these enclosures, a higher utilisation of the strength of the material of construction is assumed
EN 14373:2005 (E) 10 3.17 hazard sector three dimensional space for which the explosion suppression system is designed to be active 3.18 LOAEL lowest concentration at which an adverse toxicological or physiological effect has been observed NOTE LOAEL is the abbreviation of Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level. 3.19 model mathematical calculation which predicts the course of an explosion, the action of the suppression system and its interaction with the explosion, in order to enable an accurate design of explosion suppression systems 3.20 NOAEL highest concentration at which no adverse toxicological or physiological effects have been observed NOTE NOAEL is the abbreviation of No Observable Adverse Effect Limit. 3.21 obstructed volume volume element containing internal obstructions 3.22 occupied space three dimensional expanse in which personnel may be or are present 3.23 segregated volumes three dimensional space that is set apart from others or from the main volume 3.24 threshold dose dose level below which no adverse toxicological or physiological effects have been observed 4 Explosion suppression 4.1 General Explosion suppression is a technique by which combustion of an explosive atmosphere in a closed or essentially closed volume is detected and arrested during incipient stages, restricting development of damaging pressures. A control and indicating equipment, CIE initiates the discharge of the HRD-Suppressor and the suppressant is dispersed into the volume to be protected in as short a time as possible. An explosion is regarded as suppressed when it is possible either to restrict the maximum explosion pressure to a suppressed (reduced) explosion pressure, which is lower than the protected volume design strength, or to limit fireball propagation to a specified maximum size in unconfined spaces. The maximum explosion overpressure, pmax will therefore be lowered to a maximum reduced (suppressed) explosion overpressure pred, max of typically between 0,2 bar and 1 bar (Figure 1).
EN 14373:2005 (E) 11
Key 1 Activation of the suppression system 2 Closed enclosure explosion 3 Suppressed explosion Y Explosion overpressure p, in bar X Time t, in s Figure 1 — Pressure behaviour versus time for a normal and suppressed explosion For most practical applications of explosion suppression the worst case maximum suppressed explosion pressure, pred, max that can result is determined. Provided that this suppressed explosion pressure is lower than the process equipment design strength and provided further that suppression is achieved with a sufficient margin of safety, effective explosion suppression can be assured. 4.2 Influencing factors 4.2.1 General The effectiveness of an explosion suppression system depends on the parameters listed in 4.2.2 to 4.2.4. 4.2.2 The explosion hazard a) Volume of enclosure (free volume, V); b) shape of enclosure (surface area and length (height) to diameter ratio); c) explosible material (gas, dust, flammable liquids, mixtures thereof); d) homogeneity and intrinsic turbulence of the explosive atmosphere; e) induced turbulence caused by interaction of the combustion wave with internal obstacles and reflected pressure waves; f) initial pressure; g) temperature condition; h) explosibility parameters of explosible materials: 1) maximum explosion overpressure, pmax;
EN 14373:2005 (E) 12 2) maximum explosion constant, Kmax; 3) burning velocity; 4) minimum ignition temperature, MIT. 4.2.3 The explosion suppressant a) Type of suppressant agent; b) mass of suppressant deployed; c) suppression efficiency of the agent. 4.2.4 The suppression system a) Detection - effective system actuation pressure, pa; b) HRD-suppressors: 1) number of HRD-suppressor(s), Ns; 2) volume of HRD-suppressor(s), Vs; 3) HRD-suppressor outlet diameter, Ds; 4) HRD-suppressor opening time, ts; 5) suppressant charge in HRD-suppressor, Ms; 6) suppressant dispersion pressure, ps; 7) HRD-suppressor dispersion device; 8) location of HRD-suppressor(s) on enclosure. 4.2.5 Interrelation The relative importance of each of these parameters is dependent on the specific application. The determination of the efficacy of a given explosion suppression system requires systematic testing in which the following variables are changed independently: severity of the explosion (e.g. Kmax); threshold of explosion detection; bulk mass of deployed suppressant; suppressant dispersion pressure. This procedure provides a base datum sufficient to assess the efficacy of the suppression system. In principle, for a specific application of an explosion suppression system, either specific representative tests or appropriate interpolation from a representative test results database can provide the necessary surety. In practice,
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.