kSIST FprEN 15940:2023

Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods

This European Standard describes requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel fuel containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It defines two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1   For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren — Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff fest, der als solcher gehandelt und ausgeliefert wird und einen Gehalt von bis zu 7,0 % (V/V) an Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) aufweist. Es gilt für Kraftstoff für die Verwendung in Dieselmotoren und Kraftfahrzeugen, die für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff geeignet sind. Es legt zwei Klassen von paraffinischem Dieselkraftstoff fest: eine Klasse mit hoher Cetanzahl und eine mit normaler Cetanzahl.
Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff stammt aus Synthese  oder Hydrierverfahren.
ANMERKUNG 1   Für eine allgemeine Dieselmotor-Garantie muss der Hersteller des Fahrzeugs vor dem Einsatz konsultiert werden. Bei paraffinischem Dieselkraftstoff kann noch bei einigen bestehenden Motoren ein Validierungsschritt erforderlich sein, um die Kompatibilität des Kraftstoffs mit dem Fahrzeug zu bestätigen (siehe auch die Einleitung zu diesem Dokument). Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff in großem Umfang verfügbar ist und seit der Erstveröffentlichung dieses Dokuments zunehmend von Kraftfahrzeugherstellern zur Nutzung in Kraftfahrzeugen zugelassen wird.
ANMERKUNG 2   Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (m/m)" und für den Volumenanteil einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (V/V)" verwendet.

Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais

Le présent document décrit les exigences et les méthodes d'essai relatives au carburant diesel paraffinique commercialisé et distribué en tant que tel, contenant jusqu'à 7,0 % (V/V) d'esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG). Il est applicable aux carburants destinés à être utilisés par les moteurs diesel et par les véhicules compatibles avec les carburants diesel paraffiniques. Il définit deux classes de carburants diesel paraffiniques : ceux dont l'indice de cétane est élevé et ceux dont l'indice de cétane est normal.
Le carburant diesel paraffinique provient d'un processus de synthèse ou d'hydrotraitement.
NOTE 1   Pour la garantie générale des moteurs diesel, le fabricant du véhicule doit être consulté avant utilisation. Le carburant diesel paraffinique pour automobiles peut nécessiter une étape de validation pour confirmer la compatibilité du carburant avec le véhicule ; cette étape peut encore rester à franchir pour certains moteurs existants (voir également l'Introduction du présent document). Cependant, il est à noter que le carburant diesel paraffinique est largement disponible et qu’il est de plus en plus approuvé pour une utilisation dans les véhicules depuis la première publication de ce document.
NOTE 2   Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, les expressions « % (m/m) » et « % (V/V) » sont utilisées pour désigner respectivement les fractions massiques et les fractions volumiques.

Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 02-Jan-2022
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: NAD - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Current Stage: 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Due Date: 08-Mar-2023
• Directive: 98/70/EC - Quality of petrol and diesel fuels (Dir. 93/12/EEC amendment)
• Ref Project: FprEN 15940 - Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019 - Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2021
• Revised: SIST EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019 - Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019 - Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15940:2021
01-december-2021
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s
hidrogeniranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode

Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements

and test methods

Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren —

Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par
hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15940
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
oSIST prEN 15940:2021 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15940
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2021
ICS 75.160.20 Will supersede EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods

Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus

de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren - Anforderungen

Exigences et méthodes d'essais und Prüfverfahren

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 19.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15940:2021 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
prEN 15940:2021 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8

4 Sampling ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

5 Pump marking .................................................................................................................................................. 8

6 Requirements and test methods ................................................................................................................ 8

6.1 Dyes and markers ........................................................................................................................................... 8

6.2 Additives ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

6.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) ................................................................ 9

6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) .................................................................................................................. 9

6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods ....................................................... 9

6.5 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods ....................................................... 11

6.6 Precision and dispute ................................................................................................................................. 12

Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme ............................................................ 14

Annex B (normative) Measurements and constants for paraffinic fuel products and

components .................................................................................................................................................... 15

B.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 15

B.2 Short abstract of density / temperature conversion formulae and constants ...................... 15

B.3 Measurements and constants for paraffinic diesel fuel products and components ............ 16

B.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................... 18

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 19

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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
prEN 15940:2021 (E)
European foreword

This document (prEN 15940:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and

liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat

of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15940:2016+A1:2018.

Significant technical changes between this document and the previous version are:

a) Update of the note in the scope explaining the product approval for vehicle purpose.

b) Removal of the former A-deviation for Belgium due to change of legislation in the meantime.

c) Update to the normative references towards undated versions where they don't concern

requirements originating from European Directives (in line with decisions by CEN/TC 19 in

coordination with the European Commission), and updating the effective publication dates where

required.
d) Inclusion of the amended EN 14214 FAME specification.

e) Addition of micro-distillation (EN 17306) as an alternative test method to distillation by EN ISO 3405

and EN ISO 3924.

f) Addition of the ICN technique (EN 17155) as alternative methods for cetane number determination

by EN ISO 5165.;

g) Addition of automated method (EN ISO 22995) as an alternative test method to cloud point by

EN ISO 3015.

h) Addition of the Stabinger viscometer (ISO 23581) as an alternative test method to viscosity by

EN ISO 3104.

i) Addition of EDXRF spectromerty method (EN ISO 13032) as an alternative test method to sulfur

determination.

j) Replacement of the clauses setting requirements for cavitation prevention and seizure control, plus

the seizure protection Annex, by adapting the improved lubricity requirement in Table 1, by removal

from Table 1 of the reporting requirement for IBP, and by introduction of a shorter cautionary

statement under 5.4.6.

k) Addition of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation method (EN 16091) as an alternative

test method to oxidation stability by EN 15751 for diesel fuel containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V).

l) Introduction of instructions how to apply bias correction.
m) Deletion of the allowance for cetane alternative methods in 5.6.2.
n) Updating of Annex B based on recent test method standard updates.

o) Considerations around use of this document for heating fuel application have been introduced in the

Introduction.
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
prEN 15940:2021 (E)

In this document, all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods are specified. These

specifications are relevant for the driveability of the vehicles and are currently known to prevent harm

to the vehicles and their powertrains. Climate dependent requirements of this document may vary

according to national adoptions of EN 590 and EN 14214, and should be indicated by a specific National

Annex.

Requirements following amendment 2003/17/EC [12], 2009/30/EC [13], 2011/63/EU [14] and

2014/77/EU [15] to the European Fuels Quality Directive 98/70/EC [11], are taken into account. Dates

are included with all normative test method references in order to comply with the requirements of the

European Commission; with the accompanying assurance by CEN/TC 19 that any referenced updated

versions will always give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision (see [13]).

The marking at the pump of this product is in line with the requirements of the Fuels Quality Directive

and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive [16].

Several assessments of test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel have been executed and the results thereof

[9] led to conclusions regarding the applicability of each of the test methods as required in Clause 5. The

conclusion of these assessments, partially funded by the European Commission, led to the possibility to

upgrade the original Technical Specification into a full European Standard. Although it is its main actual

use, the product is now no longer limited to captive fleet usage, but the scope defines the need to check

the use of the product with the vehicle manufacturer. There are no EU legislative needs to limit the

product to captive fleets. Such restriction is not for the specification but for the market to decide upon.

Therefore, and in the light of the defined need to check the use of the product with the vehicle

manufacturer, all restrictions towards captive fleet from the CEN/TS text have been deleted

This document is based on current knowledge at the time of publishing, but will require review based on

further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel or when the specification for either regular

automotive diesel fuel, EN 590, or FAME, EN 14214, has been determined (revised) by CEN/TC 19 or

based on further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel according to this document. Further

background can be found in CEN/TR 16389 [5].
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Introduction

This document has been laid down to define a quality specification for diesel fuel on the basis of synthesis

gas or of hydrotreated bio-oils or -fats. Paraffinic diesel fuel does not meet the automotive diesel fuel

standard, EN 590 [1]. Its density can be outside the limits for automotive diesel fuel, and the described

class A type fuel has a higher cetane number. Paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been

increasingly approved for usage in vehicles since the first publication of EN 15940. However it is not

released for all vehicles, consult vehicle manufacturer before use.

As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, as well as n-paraffins and iso-

paraffins, they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, in this

document, two classes have been defined, one class showing improved ignition quality compared to

automotive diesel fuel meeting EN 590.

Blending of paraffinic diesel fuel with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is covered in this document. Against

the background of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2018/2001/EC [10]) and also the latest

developments regarding the European automotive diesel fuel standard, there is now a pressing

requirement to allow for FAME blend variations of those paraffinic fuels, which are not already classified

as being from renewable resources.

Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case it does

not have to meet EN 15940 requirements since composition and properties of diesel fuel blends are

defined in the respective automotive diesel fuel standards, e.g. EN 590 and EN 16734 (see

EN 590:2013+A1:2017, 5.4 and EN 16734:2016+A1:2017, 5.4).

The document will be usable on a voluntary basis for engine clearance, fuel acceptance and fuelling

station allowance, supporting both local regulations and international trade. See also CEN/TR 16389 [5].

For heating application of paraffinic diesel fuel specific national standards apply.

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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
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1 Scope

This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and

delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable

to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It defines two classes

of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.

NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic

automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for

some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted

that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved for usage in vehicles since the

first publication of this document

NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent

respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 116, Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point - Stepwise cooling

bath method

EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of total contamination in middle distillates, diesel

fuels and fatty acid methyl esters

EN 12916:2019, Petroleum products - Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates -

High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection

EN 14078:2014, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in

middle distillates - Infrared spectrometry method

EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, Liquid petroleum products - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel

engines and heating applications - Requirements and test methods

EN 15195:2014, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number

(DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber

EN 15751, Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination

of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method

EN 16329, Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point - Linear cooling

bath method

EN 16906:2017 , Liquid petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — BASF

engine method

EN 16942, Fuels - Identification of vehicle compatibility - Graphical expression for consumer information

EN 17155:2018, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of indicated cetane number (ICN) of middle

distillate fuels - Primary reference fuels calibration method using a constant volume combustion chamber

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EN 17306:2019, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric

pressure - Micro-distillation

EN ISO 3015, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources - Determination of cloud

point (ISO 3015)

EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products - Corrosiveness to copper - Copper strip test (ISO 2160)

EN ISO 2719, Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719)

EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determination of kinematic viscosity

and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104)
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids - Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)

EN ISO 3405:2019, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources - Determination of

distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure (ISO 3405:2019)

EN ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density

- Hydrometer method (ISO 3675:1998)

EN ISO 3924:2019, Petroleum products - Determination of boiling range distribution - Gas chromatography

method (ISO 3924:2019)

EN ISO 4259-2, Petroleum and related products - Precision of measurement methods and results - Part 2:

Interpretation and application of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259-2)

EN ISO 5165:2020, Petroleum products - Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels - Cetane engine

method (ISO 5165:2020)
EN ISO 6245, Petroleum products - Determination of ash (ISO 6245)

EN ISO 10370, Petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Micro method (ISO 10370)

EN ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) -

Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1)

EN ISO 12185:1996 , Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-

tube method (ISO 12185:1996)

EN ISO 12205, Petroleum products - Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels (ISO

12205)

EN ISO 12937, Petroleum products - Determination of water - Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method

(ISO 12937)

EN ISO 13759, Petroleum products - Determination of alkyl nitrate in diesel fuels - Spectrometric method

(ISO 13759)

EN ISO 20846:2019, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels - Ultraviolet

fluorescence method (ISO 20846:2019)
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EN ISO 20884, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels - Wavelength-

dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 20884)

EN ISO 22995, Petroleum products - Determination of cloud point - Automated step-wise cooling method

(ISO 22995)

ISO 23581, Petroleum products and related products — Determination of kinematic viscosity — Method by

Stabinger type viscometer
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
4 Sampling

Samples shall be taken as described in EN ISO 3170 or EN ISO 3171 and/or in accordance with the

requirements of national standards or regulations for the sampling of automotive diesel fuel. The national

requirements shall be set out in detail or shall be referred to by reference in a National Annex to this

document, should it be adopted on a national level.

In view of the sensitivity of some of the test methods referred to in this document, particular attention

shall be paid to compliance with any guidance on sampling containers which is included in the test

method standard.
5 Pump marking

Information to be marked on dispensing pumps and nozzles used for delivering paraffinic diesel fuel, and

the dimensions of the mark shall be in accordance with EN 16942.

Labelling shall be clearly visible, easily legible and displayed at any point where paraffinic diesel with

metallic additives is made available to consumers. In that case, the label shall contain “Contains metallic

additives” in the national language(s) and shall be laid down in the National Annex to this document.

Further indication on dispensing pumps in the national language of “Not suitable for all vehicles; consult

vehicle manufacturer or manual before use" is also recommended.
6 Requirements and test methods
6.1 Dyes and markers
The use of dyes or markers is allowed.
6.2 Additives
6.2.1 General

In order to improve the performance quality, the use of additives is allowed. Suitable fuel additives

without known harmful side-effects are recommended in the appropriate amount, to help to avoid

deterioration of driveability and emissions control durability. Other technical means with equivalent

effect may also be used.

NOTE Deposit forming tendency test methods suitable for routine control purposes have not yet been

identified and developed.
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6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)

When methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is used, a specific labelling is required (see

also Clause 4). The presence of the MMT is limited via a manganese content limit as in Table 1.

6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)

Paraffinic diesel fuel may contain up to 7,0 % (V/V) of FAME complying with EN 14214:2013+A2:2019,

in which case the climate-dependent requirements set out in EN 14214:2013+A2:2019, 5.4.2 do not

apply.

NOTE 1 A suitable method for the separation and identification of FAME is given in EN 14331 [2].

Climate-dependent requirements for FAME as a blending component for use in paraffinic diesel according

to this document are set out in 5.4.3 of EN 14214:2013+A2:2019. The specific grades shall be specified

on a national basis according to local climatic conditions and the FAME volume in the diesel fuel.

The finished blend of paraffinic diesel fuel shall also comply with the climate-related requirements set

out in 6.7 of this document.

Cold flow additives, when used in FAME, should be specifically matched to the base diesel fuel and FAME

quality to ensure correct performance consistent with the requirements set out in this European

Standard. The choice could result in incompatibility between the cold flow additives used in the FAME

and the diesel fuel.

NOTE 2 Cold flow requirements for FAME as a blend component in paraffinic diesel fuel are set out in Tables 3a

and 3b and the National Annex of EN 14214:2013+A2:2019, in order to control maximum content of saturated

monoglycerides in the final paraffinic diesel fuel to ensure trouble-free operation. Work is on-going to identify a

suitable test method for saturated monoglycerides or a performance test to control this aspect of low temperature

performance.

In order to improve the oxidation stability of FAME, it is strongly recommended to add oxidation stability

enhancing additives to FAME at the production stage and before storage, providing an oxidation stability

similar to that obtained with 1 000 mg/kg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT, officially

designated by IUPAC as 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol).

The similar action may be read as providing oxidation stability performance at least equal to that

obtained with 1 000 mg/kg of BHT.

CAUTION — There is a potential risk of precipitate formation with oxidation stability enhancing additives

at low temperatures in paraffinic diesel fuel. Caution should therefore be taken in the choice of oxidation

stability enhancing additives to FAME.
6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods

6.4.1 When tested by the methods indicated in Table 1, paraffinic diesel fuel shall be in accordance with

the limits specified in Table 1 for either Class A (high cetane paraffinic diesel fuel) or Class B (normal

cetane paraffinic diesel fuel).

NOTE 1 All values in Table 1 meet the requirements of the European Fuels Directive 98/70/EC [5], including

Amendments 2003/17/EC [6], 2009/30/EC [7] and 2014/77/EU [8].
NOTE 2 For further clarification of the Classes, see CEN/TR 16389 [5].

6.4.2 The limiting value for the cetane number given in Table 1 is based on product prior to addition of

cetane improver.
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Table 1 — Generally applicable requirements and test methods
Property Unit Limits Class A Limits Class B Test method
minimum maximum minimum maximum (See Clause 2)
b c
Cetane number 70,0 – 51,0 - EN 15195
EN 16906
EN 17155
EN ISO 5165
3 d
Density at 15 °C kg/m 765,0 800,0 780,0 810,0 EN ISO 3675
EN ISO 12185
Flash point °C Above 55,0 – Above 55,0 – EN ISO 2719
2 p
Viscosity at 40 °C mm /s 2,000 4,500 2,000 4,500 EN ISO 3104
ISO 23581
n e
Distillation % (V/V) – < 65 – < 65 EN ISO 3405
EN ISO 3924
% (V/V) recovered at 250 °C % (V/V) 85 – 85 –
EN 17306
% (V/V) recovered at 350 °C °C – 360,0 – 360,0
95 % (V/V) recovered at
Lubricity, wear scar diameter µm – 400 – 400 EN ISO 12156-
(WSD) at 60 °C 1
FAME content % (V/V) – 7,0 – 7,0 EN 14078
Manganese content mg/l – 2,0 2,0 EN 16576
Total aromatics content % (m/m) – 1,1 – 1,1 EN 12916
Sulfur content mg/kg – 5,0 – 5,0 EN ISO 20846
EN ISO 20884
Carbon residue % (m/m) – 0,30 – 0,30 EN ISO 10370
(on 10 % distillation residue)
Ash content % (m/m) – 0,010 – 0,010 EN ISO 6245
Water content % (m/m) – 0,020 0,020 EN ISO 12937
Total contamination mg/kg – 24 – 24 EN 12662
Copper strip corrosion rating class 1 class 1 EN ISO 2160
(3 h at 50 °C)
Oxidation stability for diesel g/m – 25 – 25 EN ISO 12205
fuel containing FAME above 2
m m
h 20,0 – 20,0 – EN 15751
%(V/V)
min or or or
m m
60,00 60,00 EN 16091
All test methods are applicable to paraffinic diesel fuels. See 6.8.1.
See also 6.4.2.
See 6.6.2

See also 6.6.6. For correction of the determined value for paraffinic diesel fuel Annex B shall be applied.

See also 6.6.3. Limits are in EN ISO 3405 scale. EN ISO 3924 results shall be converted according to

EN ISO 3924:2010, Annex A.

The precautionary slightly tighter requirement on HFRR lubricity may be reconsidered for returning to original limit

of WSD< 460µm when more data is available see CEN/TR16389.
FAME shall meet the requirements of EN 14214, see 6.3.
See also 6.2.2.
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
prEN 15940:2021 (E)
Property Unit Limits Class A Limits Class B Test method
minimum maximum minimum maximum (See Clause 2)

Total aromatics content includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. If the product conforms to the limit in the table

it also conforms to actual legal limits on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content. See also 6.6.6.

See also 6.6.4.
See also 6.4.3.

Failure to complete the filtration in 30 min means the product under test does not comply with this European

Standard.

The oxidation stability requirement using EN ISO 12205 applies to all diesel fuels regardless of FAME content. For

diesel fuel containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V), there is an additional requirement to test oxidation stability using either

EN 15751 or EN 16091. See also 6.6.7.

The limits for distillation at 250 °C and 350 °C are included for diesel fuel in line with EU Common Customs tariff.

See also 6.6.8.
See also 6.6.9.

6.4.3. The limiting value for the carbon residue given in Table 1 is based on product prior to addition of

ignition improver, if used. If a value exceeding the limit is obtained on finished fuel in the market,

EN ISO 13759 shall be used as an indicator of the presence of a nitrate-containing compound. If an

ignition improver is thus proved present, the limit value for the carbon residue of the product under test

cannot be applied. The use of additives does not exempt the manufacturer from meeting the requirement

of maximum 0,30 % (m/m) of carbon residue prior to addition of additives.

6.4.4. Tests have shown that EN 15751 is applicable for paraffinic fuels with a FAME content above

2 % (V/V) covered under this European Standard. Paraffinic diesel fuels can have an induction period

above 48 h thus exceeding the maximum measuring time considered for the precision statement in

EN 15751. However, even taking into acco
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