NAD - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products

This document specifies a method for the determination of the manual and automated closed cup flash
point of combustible liquids having flash points between –30,0 °C to 75,0 °C. However, the precision
given for this method is only valid for flash points in the range −8,5 °C to 75,0 °C.
This document is not applicable to water-borne paints.
NOTE 1 Water borne paints can be tested using ISO 3679[1].
NOTE 2 See 9.1 for the importance of this test in avoiding loss of volatile materials.
NOTE 3 Liquids containing halogenated compounds can give anomalous results.
NOTE 4 The thermometer specified for the manual apparatus limits the upper test temperature to 70,0 °C.
NOTE 5 See 13.1 for more specific information related to precision.

This European Standard lays down harmonized identifiers for marketed liquid and gaseous fuels. The requirements in this standard are set to complement information needs of users regarding the fuel- and vehicle-compatibility that are placed on the market. The development of this standard focused on vehicles placed on the market for the first time, which does not preclude the application of this standard also to vehicles already in circulation. The identifier is intended to be visualized at dispensers and refuelling points, on vehicles, in motor vehicle dealerships and in consumer manuals as described in this document.
Marketed fuels include for example petroleum-derived fuels, synthetic fuels, biofuels, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen and biogas and blends of the aforementioned delivered to non-stationary applications.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection. The standard is applicable to materials having a vapour pressure low enough to permit sampling at ambient temperature and a boiling range of at least 100 °C. The standard is applicable to distillates with initial boiling points (IBP) above 100 °C and final boiling points (FBP) below 750 °C, for example, middle distillates and lubricating base stocks.
The test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, diesel). Components containing hetero atoms (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection. The standard is applicable to materials having a vapour pressure low enough to permit sampling at ambient temperature, and which have a boiling range of at least 100 °C. The standard is applicable to materials with initial boiling points (IBP) above 100 °C and final boiling points (FBP) above 750 °C, for example, heavy distillate fuels and residuals. The method is not applicable to bituminous samples.
The test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, diesel). Components containing hetero atoms (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard describes a method for the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection. The standard is applicable to crude oils. The boiling range distribution and recovery to C100 or C120 can be determined.
Two procedures are described: single and dual analysis mode. The basis of each is the calculation procedure as described in Annex A.
NOTE 1   This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
WARNING : Use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document describes the investigation into diesel vehicle common rail fuel injection system damage
and excessive wear problems in a number of countries across Europe since 2014 carried out by
CEN/TC 19/WG 24 Abrasive Particles Task Force.

This document describes the studies executed to develop a method to analyse the filter blocking tendency after a cold soak step of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a blend component for diesel and of diesel fuel containing up to 30 % (V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), respectively.

This document specifies Procedure A, using manual glass viscometers, and Procedure B, using glass
capillary viscometers in an automated assembly, for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν,
of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of
liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η,
is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density, ρ, of the liquid. The range
of kinematic viscosities covered in this test method is from 0,2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s over the
temperature range –20 °C to +150 °C.
NOTE The result obtained from this document is dependent upon the behaviour of the sample and is intended
for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow
behaviour). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results can be obtained
from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils,
which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour, have been included.

This document establishes the rating of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane numbers
(CNs) using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, indirect injected
diesel engine. The CN provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression
ignition engines. The CN is determined at constant speed in a pre-combustion chamber-type
compression ignition test engine. However, the relationship of test engine performance to full scale,
variable speed and variable load engines is not completely understood.
This document is applicable for the entire scale range from 0 CN to 100 CN but typical testing is in the
range of 30 CN to 65 CN. An interlaboratory study executed by CEN in 2013 (10 samples in the range
52,4 CN to 73,8 CN)[3] confirmed that paraffinic diesel from synthesis or hydrotreatment, containing up
to a volume fraction of 7 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), can be tested by this test method and that
the precision is comparable to conventional fuels.
This test can be used for unconventional fuels such as synthetics or vegetable oils. However, the
precision for those fuels has not been established and the relationship to the performance of such
materials in full-scale engines is not completely understood.
Samples with fluid properties that interfere with the gravity flow of fuel to the fuel pump or delivery
through the injector nozzle are not suitable for rating by this method.
NOTE This document specifies operating conditions in SI units but engine measurements are specified in
inch-pound units or Fahrenheit because these are the historical units used in the manufacture of the equipment,
and thus some references in this document include these and other non-SI units in parenthesis.

ISO  14935 specifies a method for the assessment of the persistence of a flame applied to the edge of a wick of non-flammable material immersed in fire-resistant fluid.This test does not determine the behaviour of a spray of fire-resistant fluid.

EN-ISO 8222 describes the design, use and calibration of volumetric measures (capacity measures) which are intended for use in fixed locations in a laboratory or in the field. This document gives guidance on both standard and non-standard measures. It also covers portable and mobile measures. This document is applicable to the petroleum industry; however, it may be applied more widely to other applications.This document excludes measures for cryogenic liquids and pressurized measures as used for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).Volumetric measures are classified as test measures or prover tanks depending on capacity and design.Measures described in this document are primarily designed, calibrated and used to measure volumes from a measure which is wetted and drained for a specified time before use and designated to deliver. Many of the provisions, however, apply equally to measures which are used to measure a volume using a clean and dry measure and designated to contain.Guidance is given regarding commonly expected uncertainties and calibration specifications.The document also provides, in Annex A, reference formulae describing the properties of water and other fluids and materials used in volumetric measurement more generally.

This document is intended to draw attention to the potential technical consequences on engine parts and fuel systems when some types of chemical compounds are used as blending components in unleaded petrol.
The chemical compounds addressed specifically in this document are: secondary- Butyl acetate, Aniline and its derivatives such N-Methyl Aniline, N-Ethyl Aniline and di-Metyl Aniline.
Other chemical compounds are not addressed in this document, however attention is drawn to clause 5.4 of EN 228 which requires that unleaded petrol shall be free from any adulterant or contaminant that can render the fuel unacceptable for use. Thus when considering blending of other chemical compounds, care should be taken to ensure they are fit for use in order to comply with this requirement.
This document does not address environmental and/or health related issues. These aspects are beyond the scope of CEN/TC19 activities.

CEN/TR 15367-1 provides general guidance on diesel fuel housekeeping to ensure appropriate cleanliness and to prevent onward distribution of contaminants.It does not pre-empt national or local regulations but addresses the issues of contamination by water, sediment, inorganic contaminants, or microbial growth that may occur in the supply chain during manufacture, blending, storage and transportation. It does not address contamination by other fuel products nor does it address possible contamination by water or sediment that may occur on-board vehicles. Information on vehicle factors is presented in Annex A, however.

EN-ISO 12922 specifies the minimum requirements of unused fire-resistant and less flammable hydraulic fluids for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic systems in general industrial applications. It is not intended for use in aerospace or power-generation applications, where different requirements apply. It provides guidance for suppliers and end users of these less hazardous fluids and to the manufacturers of hydraulic equipment in which they are used.Of the categories covered by ISO 6743-4, which classifies the different types of fluids used in hydraulic applications, only the following are detailed in this document: HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU.Types HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC and HFDR are "fire-resistant" fluids as defined by ISO 5598. Most HFDU fluids, while displaying an improvement in combustion behaviour over mineral oil, fall outside this definition and are more appropriately considered as "less flammable" fluids.

This International Standard specifies the methodology for the regular monitoring of the test method
precision achieved versus precision published in the standard test method using data from Proficiency
Testing Programs (PTP) supported by the regular users of standard test methods.
The procedures in this International Standard are designed specifically for PTPs conducted on standard
test methods for petroleum and petroleum related products, which are presumed to be homogeneous.
The procedures in this document are designed specifically for standard test methods with published
reproducibility derived from ISO 4259-1 or equivalent (such as ASTM D6300[1]) for petroleum and
petroleum related products, which are normally considered as homogeneous.
In particular, this document specifies the methodology for the statistical comparison of standard
deviation under reproducibility conditions achieved in PTP versus that published.
Purpose of this comparison is to ascertain if the published reproducibility precision is representative of
that achievable by the regular participants in the PTP.

This document specifies the methodology for the design of an Interlaboratory Study (ILS) and
calculation of precision estimates of a test method specified by the study. In particular, it defines the
relevant statistical terms (Clause 3), the procedures to be adopted in the planning of ILS to determine
the precision of a test method (Clause 4), and the method of calculating the precision from the results of
such a study (Clauses 5 and 6).
The procedures in this document have been designed specifically for petroleum and petroleum related
products, which are normally considered as homogeneous. However, the procedures described in this
document can also be applied to other types of homogeneous products. Careful investigations are
necessary before applying this document to products for which the assumption of homogeneity can be
questioned.

This document specifies the methodology for the application of precision estimates of a test method
derived from ISO 4259-1. In particular, it defines the procedures for setting the property specification
limits based upon test method precision where the property is determined using a specific test method,
and in determining the specification conformance status when there are conflicting results between
supplier and receiver. Other applications of this test method precision are briefly described in principle
without the associated procedures.
The procedures in this document have been designed specifically for petroleum and petroleum-related
products, which are normally homogeneous. However, the procedures described in this document can
also be applied to other types of homogeneous products. Careful investigations are necessary before
applying this document to products for which the assumption of homogeneity can be questioned.

This document gives a brief overview of each of the dynamic techniques which are described in detail in the subsequent parts of ISO 6145. This document provides basic information to support an informed choice for one or another method for the preparation of calibration gas mixtures. It also describes how these methods can be linked to national measurement standards to establish metrological traceability for the composition of the prepared gas mixtures. Since all techniques are dynamic and rely on flow rates, this document describes the calibration process by measurement of each individual flow rate generated by the device. Methods are also provided for assessing the composition of the generated gas mixtures by comparison with an already validated calibration gas mixture. This document provides general requirements for the use and operation of dynamic methods for gas mixture preparation. It also includes the necessary expressions for calculating the calibration gas composition and its associated uncertainty. Gas mixtures obtained by these dynamic methods can be used to calibrate or control gas analysers. The storage of dynamically prepared gas mixtures into bags or cylinders is beyond the scope of this document.

This document specifies a method for determining the existent gum content of aviation fuels and the
gum content of motor gasoline or other volatile distillates. It includes the determination of products
containing ethanol (up to a volume fraction of 85 %) and ether-type oxygenates and deposit control
additives.
For determination of gum content in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel, no precision data is available
(see 14.1).
For non-aviation fuels, a procedure for the determination of the heptane-insoluble portion of the residue
is also described.
CAUTION — This method is not intended for the testing of gasoline components, particularly
those with a high percentage of low-boiling unsaturated compounds, as they can cause
explosions during evaporation.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products: - having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/ kg, - motor gasolines containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen [including those blended with ethanol up to about 10 % (V/V)], - diesel fuels, including those containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), - having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg, - synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL). Other products can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.

This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of liquid, homogeneous automotive fuels from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/ kg, which have a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m). This product range covers: - diesel fuels containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), - motor gasolines containing up to about 10 % (V/V) ethanol, - synthetic fuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL) having sulfur contents in the range of 5 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg. Products with higher oxygen content show significant matrix effects, e.g. pure FAME used as biodiesel, nevertheless, pure FAME can be analysed when the corresponding procedures are followed (see 5.3 and 8.1). Other products can be analysed with this test method, though precision data for products other than those mentioned have not been established for this document.

This document determines the content of sulfur in automotive LPG via ultraviolet fluorescence techniques. The aim for the scope is to measure between 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg

This document covers a procedure for determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum products having boiling range at atmospheric pressure between 20 °C to 400 °C using an automatic micro distillation apparatus. The test method is applicable to such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuel, automotive spark ignition engine fuel containing up to 10 %vol ethanol, aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, regular and low sulfur diesel fuel, biodiesel blends up to 30 %vol. biodiesel, special petroleum spirits, naphtha, white spirit, kerosene, burner fuels and marine fuels. It is also applicable to hydrocarbons with a narrow boiling range, like organic solvents or oxygenated compounds.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions with a final boiling point of 538 °C or lower at atmospheric pressure as determined by this document. This document does not apply to gasoline samples or gasoline components. The method is limited to products having a boiling range greater than 55 °C and having a vapour pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature. The document describes two procedures. a) Procedure A allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions, such as packed and capillary columns as well as a thermal conductivity detector in addition to the flame ionization detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min. b) Procedure B is restricted to only three capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. The analysis time is reduced to about 8 min. Both procedures have been successfully applied to samples containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) up to 20 % (volume fraction).

This method determines cloud point using a step-wise cooling technique that is executed through automated equipment types with optical detection mode. This method is an alternative to the normal, manual technique as described in EN 23015. It is a generic method that covers existing automated equipment.
The determination method covers distillate fuels (automotive and marine), paraffinic diesel fuel, fatty acid methyl ester and blends thereof at 7% up to 30% in volume.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products which
are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness and have a cloud point below 49 °C, amongst which are
diesel fuels with up to 30 % (V/V) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)[2], paraffinic diesel fuels with up to
7 % (V/V) FAME[3], 100 % FAME[5] and lubricants.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of
a material.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the pour point of petroleum products. A separate procedure suitable for the determination of the lower pour point of fuel oils, heavy lubricant base stock, and products containing residual fuel components is also described.

This European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the content of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic and tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuels that may contain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) up to 30 % (V/V), in paraffinic diesel fuels that may contain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) up to 7 % (V/V) and petroleum distillates in the boiling range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content is calculated from the sum of di-aromatic and tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons and the total content of aromatic compounds is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen can interfere in the determination; mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di-alkenes and poly-alkenes, if present, may do so.
The precision statement of the procedure A, for regular distillates, has been established for diesel fuels with and without FAME blending components, with a mono-aromatic content in the range from 6 % (m/m) to 30 % (m/m), a di-aromatic content from 1 % (m/m) to 10 % (m/m), a tri+-aromatic content from 0 % (m/m) to 2 % (m/m), a polycyclic aromatic content from 1 % (m/m) to 12 % (m/m), and a total aromatic content from 7 % (m/m) to 42 % (m/m). The precision statement of the procedure B, for non-aromatic distillates, has been established for diesel fuels, with and without FAME blending components, with a mono-aromatic content in the range from 0,2 % (m/m) to 1,8 % (m/m), di-aromatic and polycyclic aromatic contents around 0,1 % (m/m), and a total aromatic content from 0,2 % (m/m) to 2 % (m/m).

This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the distillation characteristics
of light and middle distillates derived from petroleum and related products of synthetic or biological
origin with initial boiling points above 0 °C and end-points below approximately 400 °C, utilizing either
manual or automated equipment. Light distillates are typically automotive engine petrol, automotive
engine ethanol fuel blends with up to 85 % (V/V) ethanol, and aviation petrol. Middle distillates are
typically aviation turbine fuel, kerosene, diesel, diesel with up to 30 % (V/V) FAME, burner fuel, and
marine fuels that have no appreciable quantities of residua.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction of a
material.
The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons and related products of synthetic or
biological origin have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of
fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives important information on composition and behaviour during
storage and use, and the rate of evaporation is an important factor in the application of many solvents.
Limiting values to specified distillation characteristics are applied to most distillate petroleum product
and liquid fuel specifications in order to control end-use performance and to regulate the formation
of vapours which may form explosive mixtures with air, or otherwise escape into the atmosphere as
emissions (VOC).

This European Standard describes requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel fuel containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It defines two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1   For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This standard specifies a procedure for determining the degree of aerobic degradation of fully formulated lubricants. The organic material in a fully formulated lubricant is exposed in a synthetic aqueous medium under laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge. Biodegradation resulting in mineralisation of the organic material can be determined by measuring released CO2 in a total organic carbon (TOC-) analyser. The above mentioned method applies to fully formulated lubricants which a) are water-soluble, non-water soluble or emulsifiable b) are not toxic and not inhibitory to the test microorganisms at the test concentration. The presence of inhibitory effects can be determined

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements of EN 590 and for heating fuel. At 100 % concentration it is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and in heating applications designed or subsequently adapted to run on 100 % FAME.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.

ISO 6145 is a series of documents dealing with various dynamic methods used for the preparation of
calibration gas mixtures. This document specifies a method for continuous preparation of calibration
gas mixtures, from nominally pure gases or gas mixtures by use of thermal mass-flow controllers. The
method is applicable to preparation of mixtures of non-reacting species, i.e. those which do not react
with any material of construction of the flow path in the thermal mass-flow controller or the ancillary
equipment.
If this method is employed for preparation of calibration gas mixtures the optimum performance is
as follows: the relative expanded measurement uncertainty U, obtained by multiplying the standard
uncertainty by a coverage factor k = 2, is not greater than 2 %.
If pre-mixed gases are used instead of pure gases, mole fractions below 10−6 can be obtained. The
measurement of mass flow is not absolute and the flow controller requires independent calibration.
The merits of the method are that a large quantity of the calibration gas mixture can be prepared on a
continuous basis and that multi-component mixtures can be prepared as readily as binary mixtures if
the appropriate number of thermal mass-flow controllers is utilized.
NOTE Gas blending systems, based upon thermal mass-flow controllers, and some including the facility of
computerization and automatic control, are commercially available.

This document specifies a test method using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), for assessing
the lubricating property of diesel fuels, including those fuels which could contain a lubricity-enhancing
additive. It defines two methods for measurement of the wear scar; Method “A” — Digital camera, and
Method “B” — Visual observation.
This test method applies to fuels used in diesel engines.
NOTE It is not known if this test method will predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations,
including paraffinic fuels for which no additional correlation testing has been performed. Nevertheless, no data
has been presented to suggest that such fuels are not within scope.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed or subsequently adapted to run on high FAME (B20 and B30) fuel. High FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel is a mixture of up to 20 % (V/V) in total and up to 30 % (V/V) in total respectively fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as FAME) complying to EN 14214 and automotive diesel fuel complying to EN 590.
For maintenance and control reasons high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel is to be used in captive fleets that are intended to have an appropriate fuel management (see Clause 3).
NOTE 1   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 2   In this European Standard, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive B10 diesel fuel, i.e. diesel fuel containing up to 10,0 %(V/V) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester. It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles compatible with automotive B10 diesel fuel.
NOTE 1   This product is allowed in Europe [5], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product. See for instance [8].
NOTE 2   In this European Standard, A-deviations apply (see Annex B).
NOTE 3   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). It is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
This revision concerns lowering the sulfur limit levels, inclusion of EN 16423 and updating towards revised versions of EN 15470 and EN 15471.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. All procedures should be conducted away from sources of ignition such as naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment and electrostatic hazards. Testing should be performed as far as practicable under an electrically-safe ventilation hood.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. Protective clothing such as gloves and goggles should be worn if contact with the skin is likely to occur.
Unnecessary inhalation of LPG vapour should be avoided. The operator should not be exposed to atmospheres containing more than 1 800 mg/m3 over an 8 h time-weighted average (TWA) reference period, or more than 2 250 mg/m3 over a short term, 10 min reference period. One of the tests described in this European Standard involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.

Ta nacionalni standard določa zahtevane lastnosti utekočinjenega naftnega plina – komercialne
mešanice propan-butan in dodatne podatke, ki jih mora zagotoviti proizvajalec. Zahtevane lastnosti se
nanašajo na uporabo proizvoda v gospodinjstvu in splošni uporabi. Ta standard se ne uporablja za
utekočinjeni naftni plin, ki se uporablja kot gorivo za motorna vozila.

This document presents an overview of existing oxidation stability determination methods is provided, with an emphasis on differences between the Rancimat (EN 14112/EN 15751) and PetroOxy (EN 16091) tests.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. It is applicable to Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on Ethanol (E85).
Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is a mixture of nominally 85 % (V/V) ethanol complying to EN 15376 and petrol complying to EN 228, but also including the possibility of having different "seasonal grades" containing more than 50 % (V/V) ethanol.

This document specifies a procedure for the calculation of the cetane index of middle-distillate fuels
from petroleum-derived sources. The calculated value is termed the “cetane index by four-variable
equation”. Throughout the remaining text of this document, the term “cetane index” implies cetane
index by four-variable equation.
This document is applicable to fuels containing non-petroleum derivatives from tar sand and oil
shale. It is not applicable to pure hydrocarbons, nor to distillate fuels derived from coal. Cetane index
calculations do not take into account the effects from additives used to enhance the Cetane number.
NOTE 1 This document was originally developed using a matrix of fuels, some of which contain non-petroleum
derivatives from tar sands and oil shale.
NOTE 2 The cetane index is not an alternative way to express the cetane number; it is a supplementary tool, to
be used with due regard for its limitations.
NOTE 3 The cetane index is used to estimate the cetane number of diesel fuel when a test engine is not
available to determine this property directly, or when insufficient sample is available for an engine rating.
The most suitable range of fuel properties for application of this document is as follows:
Fuel property Range
Cetane number 32,5 to 56,5
Density at 15 °C, kg/m3 805,0 to 895,0
10 % (V/V) distillation recovery temperature, °C 171 to 259
50 % (V/V) distillation recovery temperature, °C 212 to 308
90 % (V/V) distillation recovery temperature, °C 251 to 363
Within the range of cetane number (32,5 to 56,5), the expected error of the prediction via the cetane
index equation will be less than ±2 cetane numbers for 65 % of the distillate fuels examined. Errors can
be greater for fuels whose properties fall outside this range of application.
As a consequence of sample-specific biases observed, the expected error can be greater even when
the fuel’s properties fall inside the recommended range of application. Therefore, users can assess the
required degree of prediction agreement to determine the fitness-for-use of the prediction.
NOTE 4 Sample specific biases were observed for distillate fuels containing FAME (fatty acid methyl ester).

This standard specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the G-CN of middle distillate fuels and blending components, intended for use in compression ignition engines. The method is applicable to middle distillate fuels of both petroleum and non-petroleum origin, hydrocarbon oils, oil-sands based fuels, blending components, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, over the calibrated range of 35 G-CN to 85 G-CN