SIST EN 15940:2023
(Main)Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
This European Standard describes requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel fuel containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It defines two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren — Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff fest, der als solcher gehandelt und ausgeliefert wird und einen Gehalt von bis zu 7,0 % (V/V) an Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) aufweist. Es gilt für Kraftstoff für die Verwendung in Dieselmotoren und Kraftfahrzeugen, die für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff geeignet sind. Es legt zwei Klassen von paraffinischem Dieselkraftstoff fest: eine Klasse mit hoher Cetanzahl und eine mit normaler Cetanzahl.
Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff stammt aus Synthese oder Hydrierverfahren.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für eine allgemeine Dieselmotor-Garantie muss der Hersteller des Fahrzeugs vor dem Einsatz konsultiert werden. Bei paraffinischem Dieselkraftstoff kann noch bei einigen bestehenden Motoren ein Validierungsschritt erforderlich sein, um die Kompatibilität des Kraftstoffs mit dem Fahrzeug zu bestätigen (siehe auch die Einleitung zu diesem Dokument). Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff in großem Umfang verfügbar ist und seit der Erstveröffentlichung dieses Dokuments zunehmend von Kraftfahrzeugherstellern zur Nutzung in Kraftfahrzeugen zugelassen wird.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (m/m)" und für den Volumenanteil einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (V/V)" verwendet.
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Le présent document décrit les exigences et les méthodes d'essai relatives au carburant diesel paraffinique commercialisé et distribué en tant que tel, contenant jusqu'à 7,0 % (V/V) d'esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG). Il est applicable aux carburants destinés à être utilisés par les moteurs diesel et par les véhicules compatibles avec les carburants diesel paraffiniques. Il définit deux classes de carburants diesel paraffiniques : ceux dont l'indice de cétane est élevé et ceux dont l'indice de cétane est normal.
Le carburant diesel paraffinique provient d'un processus de synthèse ou d'hydrotraitement.
NOTE 1 Pour la garantie générale des moteurs diesel, le fabricant du véhicule doit être consulté avant utilisation. Le carburant diesel paraffinique pour automobiles peut nécessiter une étape de validation pour confirmer la compatibilité du carburant avec le véhicule ; cette étape peut encore rester à franchir pour certains moteurs existants (voir également l'Introduction du présent document). Cependant, il est à noter que le carburant diesel paraffinique est largement disponible et qu’il est de plus en plus approuvé pour une utilisation dans les véhicules depuis la première publication de ce document.
NOTE 2 Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, les expressions « % (m/m) » et « % (V/V) » sont utilisées pour désigner respectivement les fractions massiques et les fractions volumiques.
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrotretiranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Ta evropski standard opisuje zahteve in preskusne metode za prodajano in dobavljeno parafinsko dizelsko gorivo, ki vsebuje do 7,0 % (V/V) metilnega estra maščobnih kislin (FAME). Uporablja se za gorivo v dizelskih motorjih in za vozila, ki so združljiva s parafinskim dizelskim gorivom. Določa dva razreda parafinskega dizelskega goriva: visokooktansko in z običajnim oktanskim številom.
Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo nastane iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrotretiranjem.
OPOMBA 1: V okviru splošne garancije za dizelski motor je pri nekaterih obstoječih motorjih morda potrebno preverjanje za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo za motorna vozila (glej tudi uvod tega dokumenta). Pred uporabo se je treba posvetovati s proizvajalcem vozil.
OPOMBA 2: V tem dokumentu sta uporabljeni oznaki % (m/m) in % (V/V), ki predstavljata delež mase oziroma prostornine.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 15940:2023
01-julij-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s
hidrotretiranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements
and test methods
Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren —
Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par
hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15940:2023
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
SIST EN 15940:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 15940:2023
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SIST EN 15940:2023
EN 15940
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff von
de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Synthese oder Wasserstoffbearbeitung -
Exigences et méthodes d'essais Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15940:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 15940:2023
EN 15940:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Sampling . 8
5 Pump marking . 8
6 Requirements and test methods . 8
6.1 Dyes and markers . 8
6.2 Additives . 8
6.2.1 General . 8
6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) . 9
6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) . 9
6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods . 9
6.5 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods . 12
6.6 Precision and dispute . 13
Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme . 14
Annex B (normative) Measurements and constants for paraffinic fuel products and
components . 15
B.1 General . 15
B.2 Short abstract of density / temperature conversion formulae and constants . 15
B.3 Measurements and constants for paraffinic diesel fuel products and components . 16
B.4 Conclusions . 18
Bibliography . 19
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SIST EN 15940:2023
EN 15940:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 15940:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat
of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document will supersede EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019.
Significant technical changes between this document and the previous version are
EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019:
a) update of the note in the scope explaining the product approval for vehicle purpose;
b) removal of the former A-deviation for Belgium due to change of legislation in the meantime;
c) update to the normative references towards undated versions where they don't concern
requirements originating from European Directives (in line with decisions by CEN/TC 19 in
coordination with the European Commission), and updating the effective publication dates where
required;
d) inclusion of the amended EN 14214 FAME specification;
e) addition of micro-distillation (EN 17306) as an alternative test method to distillation by EN ISO 3405
and EN ISO 3924;
f) addition of the ICN technique (EN 17155) as alternative methods for cetane number determination
by EN ISO 5165;
g) addition of automated method (EN ISO 22995) as an alternative test method to cloud point by
EN ISO 3015;
h) addition of the Stabinger viscometer (ISO 23581) as an alternative test method to viscosity by
EN ISO 3104;
i) addition of EDXRF spectrometry method (EN ISO 13032) as an alternative test method to sulfur
determination;
j) replacement of the clauses setting requirements for cavitation prevention and seizure control, plus
the seizure protection Annex, by adapting the improved lubricity requirement in Table 1, by removal
from Table 1 of the reporting requirement for IBP, and by introduction of a shorter cautionary
statement under 6.4.6;
k) addition of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation method (EN 16091) as an alternative
test method to oxidation stability by EN 15751 for diesel fuel containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V);
l) introduction of instructions how to apply bias correction;
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EN 15940:2023 (E)
m) deletion of the reference to an alternative correlation equation in EN 15195 for results outside the
method scope range;
n) updating of Annex A based on recent test method standard updates;
o) considerations around use of this document for heating fuel application have been introduced in the
Introduction;
p) update of reference EN 15195;
r) allowance of blending EN 590 diesel.
In this document, all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods are specified. These
specifications are relevant for the driveability of the vehicles and are currently known to prevent harm
to the vehicles and their powertrains. Climate dependent requirements of this document may vary
according to national adoptions of EN 590 and EN 14214, and should be indicated by a specific National
Annex.
Requirements following amendment 2003/17/EC [11], 2009/30/EC [12], 2011/63/EU [13] and
2014/77/EU [14] to the European Fuels Quality Directive 98/70/EC [10], are taken into account. Dates
are included with all normative test method references in order to comply with the requirements of the
European Commission; with the accompanying assurance by CEN/TC 19 that any referenced updated
versions will always give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision (see [12]).
The marking at the pump of this product is in line with the requirements of the Fuels Quality Directive
and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive [15].
Several assessments of test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel have been executed and the results thereof
[8] led to conclusions regarding the applicability of each of the test methods as required in Clause 6. The
conclusion of these assessments, partially funded by the European Commission, led to the possibility to
upgrade the original Technical Specification into a full European Standard. Although it is its main actual
use, the product is now no longer limited to captive fleet usage, but the scope defines the need to check
the use of the product with the vehicle manufacturer. There are no EU legislative needs to limit the
product to captive fleets. Such restriction is not for the specification but for the market to decide upon.
Therefore, and in the light of the need to check the use of the product with the vehicle manufacturer, all
restrictions towards captive fleet from the CEN/TS text have been deleted.
This document is based on current knowledge at the time of publishing, but will require review based on
further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel or when the specification for either regular
automotive diesel fuel, EN 590, or FAME, EN 14214, has been determined (revised) by CEN/TC 19 or
based on further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel according to this document. Further
background can be found in CEN/TR 16389 [4].
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
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EN 15940:2023 (E)
Introduction
This document has been laid down to specify a standard with requirements for diesel fuel on the basis of
synthesis gas or of hydrotreated bio-oils, –fats or other suitable feedstock. Paraffinic diesel fuel does not
meet the automotive diesel fuel standard, EN 590 [1]. Its density can be outside the limits for automotive
diesel fuel, and the described class A type fuel has a higher cetane number. Paraffinic diesel fuel is
extensively available and has been increasingly approved for usage in vehicles since the first publication
of EN 15940. However it is not released for all vehicles, consult vehicle manufacturer before use.
As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, as well as n-paraffins and iso-
paraffins, they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, in this
document, two classes have been specified, one class showing improved ignition quality compared to
automotive diesel fuel meeting EN 590.
Blending of paraffinic diesel fuel with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is covered in this document. Against
the background of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2018/2001/EC [9]) and also the latest
developments regarding the European automotive diesel fuel standard, there is now a pressing
requirement to allow for FAME blend variations of those paraffinic fuels, which are not already classified
as being from renewable resources.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case it does
not have to meet EN 15940 requirements since composition and properties of diesel fuel blends are
specified in the respective automotive diesel fuel standards, e.g. EN 590 and EN 16734 (see EN 590:2022,
6.4 and EN 16734:2022, 6.4 [3]).
The document will be usable on a voluntary basis for engine clearance, fuel acceptance and fuelling
station allowance, supporting both local regulations and international trade. See also CEN/TR 16389 [4].
For heating application of paraffinic diesel fuel specific national standards apply.
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EN 15940:2023 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and
delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable
to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It specifies two classes
of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
Paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle,
which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it
is noted that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved by vehicle
manufacturers for usage in vehicles since the first publication of this document.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 116, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Stepwise cooling
bath method
EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of total contamination in middle distillates, diesel
fuels and fatty acid methyl esters
EN 12916:2019+A1:2022, Petroleum products — Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle
distillates — High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection
EN 14078:2014, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in
middle distillates — Infrared spectrometry method
EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel
engines and heating applications — Requirements and test methods
EN 15195:2023, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number
(DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber
EN 15751, Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel —
Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
EN 16329, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Linear cooling
bath method
EN 16906:2017, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — BASF
engine method
EN 16942, Fuels — Identification of vehicle compatibility — Graphical expression for consumer information
EN 17155:2018, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of indicated cetane number (ICN) of middle
distillate fuels — Primary reference fuels calibration method using a constant volume combustion chamber
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EN 17306:2019, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric
pressure — Micro-distillation
EN ISO 3015, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of cloud
point (ISO 3015)
EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test (ISO 2160)
EN ISO 2719, Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719)
EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic
viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104)
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
EN ISO 3405:2019, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of
distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure (ISO 3405:2019)
EN ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density
— Hydrometer method (ISO 3675:1998)
EN ISO 3924:2019, Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas
chromatography method (ISO 3924:2019)
EN ISO 4259-2, Petroleum and related products — Precision of measurement methods and results — Part
2: Interpretation and application of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259-2)
EN ISO 5165:2020, Petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane
engine method (ISO 5165:2020)
EN ISO 6245, Petroleum products — Determination of ash (ISO 6245)
EN ISO 10370, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Micro method (ISO 10370)
EN ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel — Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) —
Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1)
EN ISO 12185:1996, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating
U-tube method (ISO 12185:1996)
EN ISO 12205, Petroleum products — Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels (ISO
12205)
EN ISO 12937, Petroleum products — Determination of water — Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
(ISO 12937)
EN ISO 13032:2012, Petroleum products — Determination of low concentration of sulfur in automotive
fuels — Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method (ISO 13032:2012)
EN ISO 13759, Petroleum products — Determination of alkyl nitrate in diesel fuels — Spectrometric method
(ISO 13759)
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EN ISO 20846:2019, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels —
Ultraviolet fluorescence method (ISO 20846:2019)
EN ISO 20884, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels — Wavelength-
dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 20884)
EN ISO 22995, Petroleum products — Determination of cloud point — Automated step-wise cooling method
(ISO 22995)
ISO 23581, Petroleum products and related products — Determination of kinematic viscosity — Method by
Stabinger type viscometer
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
4 Sampling
Samples shall be taken as described in EN ISO 3170 or EN ISO 3171 and/or in accordance with the
requirements of national standards or regulations for the sampling of automotive diesel fuel. The national
requirements shall be set out in detail or shall be referred to by reference in a National Annex to this
document, should it be adopted on a national level.
In view of the sensitivity of some of the test methods referred to in this document, particular attention
shall be paid to compliance with any guidance on sampling containers which is included in the test
method standard.
5 Pump marking
Information to be marked on dispensing pumps and nozzles used for delivering paraffinic diesel fuel, and
the dimensions of the mark shall be in accordance with EN 16942.
Labelling shall be clearly visible, easily legible and displayed at any point where paraffinic diesel with
metallic additives is made available to consumers. In that case, the label shall contain “Contains metallic
additives” in the national language(s) and shall be laid down in the National Annex to this document.
Further indication on dispensing pumps in the national language of “Not suitable for all vehicles; consult
vehicle manufacturer or check manual before use" is also recommended.
6 Requirements and test methods
6.1 Dyes and markers
The use of dyes or markers is allowed.
6.2 Additives
6.2.1 General
In order to improve the performance quality, the use of additives is allowed. Suitable fuel additives
without known harmful side-effects are recommended in the appropriate amount, to help to avoid
deterioration of driveability and emissions control durability. Other technical means with equivalent
effect may also be used.
NOTE Deposit forming tendency test methods suitable for routine control purposes have not yet been
identified and developed.
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6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)
When methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is used, a specific labelling is required (see
also Clause 5). The presence of the MMT is limited via a manganese content limit as in Table 1.
6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
Paraffinic diesel fuel may contain up to 7,0 % (V/V) of FAME complying with EN 14214:2012+A2:2019,
in which case the climate-dependent requirements set out in EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, 5.4.2 do not
apply.
NOTE 1 A suitable method for the separation and identification of FAME is given in EN 14331 [2].
Climate-dependent requirements for FAME as a blending component for use in paraffinic diesel according
to this document are set out in 5.4.3 of EN 14214:2012+A2:2019. The specific grades shall be specified
on a national basis according to local climatic conditions and the FAME volume in the diesel fuel.
The finished blend of paraffinic diesel fuel shall also comply with the climate-related requirements set
out in 6.5 of this document.
Cold flow additives, when used in FAME, should be specifically matched to the base diesel fuel and FAME
quality to ensure correct performance consistent with the requirements set out in this document. The
choice could result in incompatibility between the cold flow additives used in the FAME and the diesel
fuel.
NOTE 2 Cold flow requirements for FAME as a blend component in paraffinic diesel fuel are set out in Tables 3a
and 3b and the National Annex of EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, to ensure trouble-free operation. Work is on-going to
identify a suitable test to control this aspect of low temperature performance.
In order to improve the oxidation stability of FAME, it is strongly recommended to add oxidation stability
enhancing additives to FAME at the production stage and before storage, providing an oxidation stability
similar to that obtained with 1 000 mg/kg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT, officially
designated by IUPAC as 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol).
The similar action may be read as providing oxidation stability performance at least equal to that
obtained with 1 000 mg/kg of BHT.
CAUTION — There is a potential risk of precipitate formation with oxidation stability enhancing additives
at low temperatures in paraffinic diesel fuel. Caution should therefore be taken in the choice of oxidation
stability enhancing additives to FAME.
6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods
6.4.1 When tested by the methods indicated in Table 1, paraffinic diesel fuel shall be in accordance with
the limits specified in Table 1 for either Class A (high cetane paraffinic diesel fuel) or Class B (normal
cetane paraffinic diesel fuel).
NOTE 1 All values in Table 1 meet the requirements of the European Fuels Directive 98/70/EC [10], including
Amendments 2003/17/EC [11], 2009/30/EC [12] and 2014/77/EU [14].
NOTE 2 For further clarification of the Classes, see CEN/TR 16389 [4].
6.4.2 The limiting value for the cetane number given in Table 1 is based on product prior to addition of
cetane improver.
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EN 15940:2023 (E)
Table 1 — Generally applicable requirements and test methods
Property Unit Limits Class A Limits Class B a
Test method
minimum maximum minimum maximum (see Clause 2)
b 70,0 – 51,0 - c
Cetane number EN 15195:2023
d
EN 16906:2017
EN 17155:2018
EN ISO 5165:2020
Density at 15 °C 3 765,0 800,0 780,0 810,0 e
kg/m EN ISO 3675:1998
EN ISO 12185:1996
Total aromatics % (m/m) – 1,1 – 1,1 EN 12916:2019+A1:20
f 22
content
Sulfur content mg/kg – 5,0 – 5,0 g
EN ISO 13032:2012
EN ISO 20846:2019
EN ISO 20884:2019
h mg/l – 2,0 2,0 EN 16576:2014
Manganese content
Flash point °C Above 55,0 – Above 55,0 – EN ISO 2719
i % (m/m) – 0,30 – 0,30 EN ISO 10370
Carbon residue
(on 10 % distillation
residue)
Ash content % (m/m) – 0,010 – 0,010 EN ISO 6245
Water content % (m/m) – 0,020 0,020 EN ISO 12937
Total contamination mg/kg – 24 – 24 j
EN 12662
Copper strip corrosion rating class 1 class 1 EN ISO 2160
(3 h at 50 °C)
Fatty acid methyl ester % (V/V) – 7,0 – 7,0 EN 14078:2014
k
(FAME) content
Oxidation stability 3 – 25 – 25 EN ISO 12205
g/m
Oxidation stability for h l – l – EN 15751
20,0 20,0
fuel containing FAME
or
or or
above 2 %(V/V)
min EN 16091
l l
60,00 60,00
Lubricity, wear scar µm – 400 – 400 EN ISO 12156-1
diameter (WSD) at 60 °C
m
Viscosity at 40 °C 2 2,000 4,500 2,000 4,500 n
mm /s EN ISO 3104
ISO 23581
o
Distillation
% (V/V) recovered at % (V/V) – < 65 – < 65 p
EN ISO 3405:2019
250 °C
% (V/V) recovered at % (V/V) 85 – 85 – EN ISO 3924:2019
350 °C
95 % (V/V) recovered at °C – 360,0 – 360,0 d
EN 17306:2019
10
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SIST EN 15940:2023
EN 15940:2023 (E)
Property Unit Limits Class A Limits Class B a
Test method
minimum maximum minimum maximum (see Clause 2)
a
All test methods are applicable to paraffinic diesel fuels. See 6.6.1.
b
See also 6.4.2.
c
See 6.6.2.
d
See also 6.6.8.
e
See also 6.6.6. For correction of the determined value for paraffinic diesel fuel Annex B shall be applied.
f
Total aromatics content includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. If the product conforms to the limit in the table it also
conforms to actual legal limits on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content. See also 6.6.6.
g
See also 6.6.4.
h
See also 6.2.2.
i
See also 6.4.3.
j
Failure to complete the filtration in 30 min means the product under test does not comply with this document.
k
FAME shall meet the requirements of EN 14214, see 6.3.
l
The oxidation stability requirement using EN ISO 12205 applies to all diesel fuels regardless of FAME content. For diesel fuel
containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V), there is an additional requirement to test oxidation stability using either EN 15751 or EN 16091.
See also 6.4.4 and 6.6.7.
m
The precautionary slightly tighter requirement on HFRR lubricity may be reconsidered for returning to original limit of WSD<
460µm when more data is available see CEN/TR 16389.
n
See also 6.6.9.
o
The limits for distillation at 250 °C and 3
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15940:2021
01-december-2021
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s
hidrogeniranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements
and test methods
Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren —
Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par
hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15940
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
oSIST prEN 15940:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15940
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2021
ICS 75.160.20 Will supersede EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus
de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren - Anforderungen
Exigences et méthodes d'essais und Prüfverfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 19.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15940:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
prEN 15940:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Sampling . 8
5 Pump marking . 8
6 Requirements and test methods . 8
6.1 Dyes and markers . 8
6.2 Additives . 8
6.2.1 General . 8
6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) . 9
6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) . 9
6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods . 9
6.5 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods . 11
6.6 Precision and dispute . 12
Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme . 14
Annex B (normative) Measurements and constants for paraffinic fuel products and
components . 15
B.1 General . 15
B.2 Short abstract of density / temperature conversion formulae and constants . 15
B.3 Measurements and constants for paraffinic diesel fuel products and components . 16
B.4 Conclusions . 18
Bibliography . 19
2
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oSIST prEN 15940:2021
prEN 15940:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 15940:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat
of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15940:2016+A1:2018.
Significant technical changes between this document and the previous version are:
a) Update of the note in the scope explaining the product approval for vehicle purpose.
b) Removal of the former A-deviation for Belgium due to change of legislation in the meantime.
c) Update to the normative references towards undated versions where they don't concern
requirements originating from European Directives (in line with decisions by CEN/TC 19 in
coordination with the European Commission), and updating the effective publication dates where
required.
d) Inclusion of the amended EN 14214 FAME specification.
e) Addition of micro-distillation (EN 17306) as an alternative test method to distillation by EN ISO 3405
and EN ISO 3924.
f) Addition of the ICN technique (EN 17155) as alternative methods for cetane number determination
by EN ISO 5165.;
g) Addition of automated method (EN ISO 22995) as an alternative test method to cloud point by
EN ISO 3015.
h) Addition of the Stabinger viscometer (ISO 23581) as an alternative test method to viscosity by
EN ISO 3104.
i) Addition of EDXRF spectromerty method (EN ISO 13032) as an alternative test method to sulfur
determination.
j) Replacement of the clauses setting requirements for cavitation prevention and seizure control, plus
the seizure protection Annex, by adapting the improved lubricity requirement in Table 1, by removal
from Table 1 of the reporting requirement for IBP, and by introduction of a shorter cautionary
statement under 5.4.6.
k) Addition of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation method (EN 16091) as an alternative
test method to oxidation stability by EN 15751 for diesel fuel containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V).
l) Introduction of instructions how to apply bias correction.
m) Deletion of the allowance for cetane alternative methods in 5.6.2.
n) Updating of Annex B based on recent test method standard updates.
o) Considerations around use of this document for heating fuel application have been introduced in the
Introduction.
3
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prEN 15940:2021 (E)
In this document, all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods are specified. These
specifications are relevant for the driveability of the vehicles and are currently known to prevent harm
to the vehicles and their powertrains. Climate dependent requirements of this document may vary
according to national adoptions of EN 590 and EN 14214, and should be indicated by a specific National
Annex.
Requirements following amendment 2003/17/EC [12], 2009/30/EC [13], 2011/63/EU [14] and
2014/77/EU [15] to the European Fuels Quality Directive 98/70/EC [11], are taken into account. Dates
are included with all normative test method references in order to comply with the requirements of the
European Commission; with the accompanying assurance by CEN/TC 19 that any referenced updated
versions will always give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision (see [13]).
The marking at the pump of this product is in line with the requirements of the Fuels Quality Directive
and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive [16].
Several assessments of test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel have been executed and the results thereof
[9] led to conclusions regarding the applicability of each of the test methods as required in Clause 5. The
conclusion of these assessments, partially funded by the European Commission, led to the possibility to
upgrade the original Technical Specification into a full European Standard. Although it is its main actual
use, the product is now no longer limited to captive fleet usage, but the scope defines the need to check
the use of the product with the vehicle manufacturer. There are no EU legislative needs to limit the
product to captive fleets. Such restriction is not for the specification but for the market to decide upon.
Therefore, and in the light of the defined need to check the use of the product with the vehicle
manufacturer, all restrictions towards captive fleet from the CEN/TS text have been deleted
This document is based on current knowledge at the time of publishing, but will require review based on
further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel or when the specification for either regular
automotive diesel fuel, EN 590, or FAME, EN 14214, has been determined (revised) by CEN/TC 19 or
based on further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel according to this document. Further
background can be found in CEN/TR 16389 [5].
4
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prEN 15940:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document has been laid down to define a quality specification for diesel fuel on the basis of synthesis
gas or of hydrotreated bio-oils or -fats. Paraffinic diesel fuel does not meet the automotive diesel fuel
standard, EN 590 [1]. Its density can be outside the limits for automotive diesel fuel, and the described
class A type fuel has a higher cetane number. Paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been
increasingly approved for usage in vehicles since the first publication of EN 15940. However it is not
released for all vehicles, consult vehicle manufacturer before use.
As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, as well as n-paraffins and iso-
paraffins, they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, in this
document, two classes have been defined, one class showing improved ignition quality compared to
automotive diesel fuel meeting EN 590.
Blending of paraffinic diesel fuel with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is covered in this document. Against
the background of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2018/2001/EC [10]) and also the latest
developments regarding the European automotive diesel fuel standard, there is now a pressing
requirement to allow for FAME blend variations of those paraffinic fuels, which are not already classified
as being from renewable resources.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case it does
not have to meet EN 15940 requirements since composition and properties of diesel fuel blends are
defined in the respective automotive diesel fuel standards, e.g. EN 590 and EN 16734 (see
EN 590:2013+A1:2017, 5.4 and EN 16734:2016+A1:2017, 5.4).
The document will be usable on a voluntary basis for engine clearance, fuel acceptance and fuelling
station allowance, supporting both local regulations and international trade. See also CEN/TR 16389 [5].
For heating application of paraffinic diesel fuel specific national standards apply.
5
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prEN 15940:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and
delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable
to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It defines two classes
of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic
automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for
some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted
that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved for usage in vehicles since the
first publication of this document
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 116, Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point - Stepwise cooling
bath method
EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of total contamination in middle distillates, diesel
fuels and fatty acid methyl esters
EN 12916:2019, Petroleum products - Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates -
High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection
EN 14078:2014, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in
middle distillates - Infrared spectrometry method
EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, Liquid petroleum products - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel
engines and heating applications - Requirements and test methods
EN 15195:2014, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number
(DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber
EN 15751, Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination
of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
EN 16329, Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point - Linear cooling
bath method
1
EN 16906:2017 , Liquid petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — BASF
engine method
EN 16942, Fuels - Identification of vehicle compatibility - Graphical expression for consumer information
EN 17155:2018, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of indicated cetane number (ICN) of middle
distillate fuels - Primary reference fuels calibration method using a constant volume combustion chamber
6
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prEN 15940:2021 (E)
EN 17306:2019, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric
pressure - Micro-distillation
EN ISO 3015, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources - Determination of cloud
point (ISO 3015)
EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products - Corrosiveness to copper - Copper strip test (ISO 2160)
EN ISO 2719, Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719)
EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determination of kinematic viscosity
and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104)
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids - Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
EN ISO 3405:2019, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources - Determination of
distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure (ISO 3405:2019)
EN ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density
- Hydrometer method (ISO 3675:1998)
EN ISO 3924:2019, Petroleum products - Determination of boiling range distribution - Gas chromatography
method (ISO 3924:2019)
EN ISO 4259-2, Petroleum and related products - Precision of measurement methods and results - Part 2:
Interpretation and application of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259-2)
EN ISO 5165:2020, Petroleum products - Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels - Cetane engine
method (ISO 5165:2020)
EN ISO 6245, Petroleum products - Determination of ash (ISO 6245)
EN ISO 10370, Petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Micro method (ISO 10370)
EN ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) -
Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1)
1
EN ISO 12185:1996 , Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-
tube method (ISO 12185:1996)
EN ISO 12205, Petroleum products - Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels (ISO
12205)
EN ISO 12937, Petroleum products - Determination of water - Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
(ISO 12937)
EN ISO 13759, Petroleum products - Determination of alkyl nitrate in diesel fuels - Spectrometric method
(ISO 13759)
EN ISO 20846:2019, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels - Ultraviolet
fluorescence method (ISO 20846:2019)
7
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prEN 15940:2021 (E)
EN ISO 20884, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels - Wavelength-
dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 20884)
EN ISO 22995, Petroleum products - Determination of cloud point - Automated step-wise cooling method
(ISO 22995)
ISO 23581, Petroleum products and related products — Determination of kinematic viscosity — Method by
Stabinger type viscometer
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
4 Sampling
Samples shall be taken as described in EN ISO 3170 or EN ISO 3171 and/or in accordance with the
requirements of national standards or regulations for the sampling of automotive diesel fuel. The national
requirements shall be set out in detail or shall be referred to by reference in a National Annex to this
document, should it be adopted on a national level.
In view of the sensitivity of some of the test methods referred to in this document, particular attention
shall be paid to compliance with any guidance on sampling containers which is included in the test
method standard.
5 Pump marking
Information to be marked on dispensing pumps and nozzles used for delivering paraffinic diesel fuel, and
the dimensions of the mark shall be in accordance with EN 16942.
Labelling shall be clearly visible, easily legible and displayed at any point where paraffinic diesel with
metallic additives is made available to consumers. In that case, the label shall contain “Contains metallic
additives” in the national language(s) and shall be laid down in the National Annex to this document.
Further indication on dispensing pumps in the national language of “Not suitable for all vehicles; consult
vehicle manufacturer or manual before use" is also recommended.
6 Requirements and test methods
6.1 Dyes and markers
The use of dyes or markers is allowed.
6.2 Additives
6.2.1 General
In order to improve the performance quality, the use of additives is allowed. Suitable fuel additives
without known harmful side-effects are recommended in the appropriate amount, to help to avoid
deterioration of driveability and emissions control durability. Other technical means with equivalent
effect may also be used.
NOTE Deposit forming tendency test methods suitable for routine control purposes have not yet been
identified and developed.
8
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6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)
When methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is used, a specific labelling is required (see
also Clause 4). The presence of the MMT is limited via a manganese content limit as in Table 1.
6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
Paraffinic diesel fuel may contain up to 7,0 % (V/V) of FAME complying with EN 14214:2013+A2:2019,
in which case the climate-dependent requirements set out in EN 14214:2013+A2:2019, 5.4.2 do not
apply.
NOTE 1 A suitable method for the separation and identification of FAME is given in EN 14331 [2].
Climate-dependent requirements for FAME as a blending component for use in paraffinic diesel according
to this document are set out in 5.4.3 of EN 14214:2013+A2:2019. The specific grades shall be specified
on a national basis according to local climatic conditions and the FAME volume in the diesel fuel.
The finished blend of paraffinic diesel fuel shall also comply with the climate-related requirements set
out in 6.7 of this document.
Cold flow additives, when used in FAME, should be specifically matched to the base diesel fuel and FAME
quality to ensure correct performance consistent with the requirements set out in this European
Standard. The choice could result in incompatibility between the cold flow additives used in the FAME
and the diesel fuel.
NOTE 2 Cold flow requirements for FAME as a blend component in paraffinic diesel fuel are set out in Tables 3a
and 3b and the National Annex of EN 14214:2013+A2:2019, in order to control maximum content of saturated
monoglycerides in the final paraffinic diesel fuel to ensure trouble-free operation. Work is on-going to identify a
suitable test method for saturated monoglycerides or a performance test to control this aspect of low temperature
performance.
In order to improve the oxidation stability of FAME, it is strongly recommended to add oxidation stability
enhancing additives to FAME at the production stage and before storage, providing an oxidation stability
similar to that obtained with 1 000 mg/kg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT, officially
designated by IUPAC as 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol).
The similar action may be read as providing oxidation stability performance at least equal to that
obtained with 1 000 mg/kg of BHT.
CAUTION — There is a potential risk of precipitate formation with oxidation stability enhancing additives
at low temperatures in paraffinic diesel fuel. Caution should therefore be taken in the choice of oxidation
stability enhancing additives to FAME.
6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods
6.4.1 When tested by the methods indicated in Table 1, paraffinic diesel fuel shall be in accordance with
the limits specified in Table 1 for either Class A (high cetane paraffinic diesel fuel) or Class B (normal
cetane paraffinic diesel fuel).
NOTE 1 All values in Table 1 meet the requirements of the European Fuels Directive 98/70/EC [5], including
Amendments 2003/17/EC [6], 2009/30/EC [7] and 2014/77/EU [8].
NOTE 2 For further clarification of the Classes, see CEN/TR 16389 [5].
6.4.2 The limiting value for the cetane number given in Table 1 is based on product prior to addition of
cetane improver.
9
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Table 1 — Generally applicable requirements and test methods
a
Property Unit Limits Class A Limits Class B Test method
minimum maximum minimum maximum (See Clause 2)
b c
Cetane number 70,0 – 51,0 - EN 15195
o
EN 16906
EN 17155
EN ISO 5165
3 d
Density at 15 °C kg/m 765,0 800,0 780,0 810,0 EN ISO 3675
EN ISO 12185
Flash point °C Above 55,0 – Above 55,0 – EN ISO 2719
2 p
Viscosity at 40 °C mm /s 2,000 4,500 2,000 4,500 EN ISO 3104
ISO 23581
n e
Distillation % (V/V) – < 65 – < 65 EN ISO 3405
EN ISO 3924
% (V/V) recovered at 250 °C % (V/V) 85 – 85 –
o
EN 17306
% (V/V) recovered at 350 °C °C – 360,0 – 360,0
95 % (V/V) recovered at
Lubricity, wear scar diameter µm – 400 – 400 EN ISO 12156-
f
(WSD) at 60 °C 1
g
FAME content % (V/V) – 7,0 – 7,0 EN 14078
h
Manganese content mg/l – 2,0 2,0 EN 16576
i
Total aromatics content % (m/m) – 1,1 – 1,1 EN 12916
j
Sulfur content mg/kg – 5,0 – 5,0 EN ISO 20846
EN ISO 20884
k
Carbon residue % (m/m) – 0,30 – 0,30 EN ISO 10370
(on 10 % distillation residue)
Ash content % (m/m) – 0,010 – 0,010 EN ISO 6245
Water content % (m/m) – 0,020 0,020 EN ISO 12937
l
Total contamination mg/kg – 24 – 24 EN 12662
Copper strip corrosion rating class 1 class 1 EN ISO 2160
(3 h at 50 °C)
3
Oxidation stability for diesel g/m – 25 – 25 EN ISO 12205
fuel containing FAME above 2
m m
h 20,0 – 20,0 – EN 15751
%(V/V)
min or or or
m m
60,00 60,00 EN 16091
a
All test methods are applicable to paraffinic diesel fuels. See 6.8.1.
b
See also 6.4.2.
c
See 6.6.2
d
See also 6.6.6. For correction of the determined value for paraffinic diesel fuel Annex B shall be applied.
e
See also 6.6.3. Limits are in EN ISO 3405 scale. EN ISO 3924 results shall be converted according to
EN ISO 3924:2010, Annex A.
f
The precautionary slightly tighter requirement on HFRR lubricity may be reconsidered for returning to original limit
of WSD< 460µm when more data is available see CEN/TR16389.
g
FAME shall meet the requirements of EN 14214, see 6.3.
h
See also 6.2.2.
10
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a
Property Unit Limits Class A Limits Class B Test method
minimum maximum minimum maximum (See Clause 2)
i
Total aromatics content includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. If the product conforms to the limit in the table
it also conforms to actual legal limits on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content. See also 6.6.6.
j
See also 6.6.4.
k
See also 6.4.3.
l
Failure to complete the filtration in 30 min means the product under test does not comply with this European
Standard.
m
The oxidation stability requirement using EN ISO 12205 applies to all diesel fuels regardless of FAME content. For
diesel fuel containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V), there is an additional requirement to test oxidation stability using either
EN 15751 or EN 16091. See also 6.6.7.
n
The limits for distillation at 250 °C and 350 °C are included for diesel fuel in line with EU Common Customs tariff.
o
See also 6.6.8.
p
See also 6.6.9.
6.4.3. The limiting value for the carbon residue given in Table 1 is based on product prior to addition of
ignition improver, if used. If a value exceeding the limit is obtained on finished fuel in the market,
EN ISO 13759 shall be used as an indicator of the presence of a nitrate-containing compound. If an
ignition improver is thus proved present, the limit value for the carbon residue of the product under test
cannot be applied. The use of additives does not exempt the manufacturer from meeting the requirement
of maximum 0,30 % (m/m) of carbon residue prior to addition of additives.
6.4.4. Tests have shown that EN 15751 is applicable for paraffinic fuels with a FAME content above
2 % (V/V) covered under this European Standard. Paraffinic diesel fuels can have an induction period
above 48 h thus exceeding the maximum measuring time considered for the precision statement in
EN 15751. However, even taking into acco
...
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