SIST EN 482:2012
(Main)Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents
Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents
This document specifies general performance requirements for procedures for determination of the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres as required by the Chemical Agents Directive 98/24/EC. These requirements apply to all measuring procedures, irrespective of the physical form of the chemical agent (gas, vapour, suspended matter) and of the sampling method and analytical method used. This document is applicable to all steps of a measuring procedure. This document is applicable to measuring procedures with separate sampling and analysis steps, and also to direct-reading devices.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit von Verfahren zur Messung chemischer Arbeitsstoffe
Dieses Dokument legt allgemeine Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit von Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration chemischer Arbeitsstoffe in der Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre fest, wie seitens der Richtlinie über chemische Arbeitsstoffe 98/24/EG (siehe Literaturhinweis [1]) gefordert. Diese Anforderungen gelten für alle Messverfahren, unabhängig vom physikalischen Zustand des chemischen Arbeitsstoffes (Gas, Dampf, Schwebstoff), vom Probenahmeverfahren und vom eingesetzten Analyseverfahren.
Dieses Dokument gilt für alle Schritte eines Messverfahrens.
Dieses Dokument gilt sowohl für Messverfahren mit voneinander unabhängigen Probenahme- und Analyseschritten als auch für direkt anzeigende Messgeräte.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Exigences générales concernant les performances des procédures de mesurage des agents chimiques
Le présent document stipule les exigences générales de performances pour les procédures servant à déterminer la concentration des agents chimiques dans les atmosphères des lieux de travail comme demandé dans la Directive relative aux agents chimiques 98/24/CE (voir référence [1]). Ces exigences sont applicables à toutes les procédures de mesurage, indépendamment de la forme physique de l’agent chimique (gaz, vapeur, matière en suspension) et de la méthode de prélèvement ou d’analyse employée.
Le présent document est applicable à toutes les étapes de la procédure de mesurage.
Il s’applique aux procédures de mesurage pour lesquelles le prélèvement et l’analyse sont deux étapes distinctes, ainsi qu’aux dispositifs à lecture directe.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Splošne zahteve za izvajanje meritev kemičnih agensov
Ta dokument določa splošne funkcionalne zahteve za postopke za določevanje koncentracije kemičnih agensov v atmosferi na delovnem mestu v skladu z zahtevami Direktive Sveta 98/24/ES o kemičnih dejavnikih. Te zahteve se nanašajo na vse merilne postopke, ne glede na fizično obliko kemičnega agensa (plin, para, lebdeča snov) ter uporabljeno metodo vzorčenja in analitično metodo. Ta dokument se uporablja za vse faze merilnega postopka. Ta dokument se uporablja za merilne postopke z ločenimi fazami vzorčenja in analize ter naprave, ki omogočajo neposredno odčitavanje.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 482:2012
01-junij-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 482:2007
,]SRVWDYOMHQRVWQDGHORYQHPPHVWX6SORãQH]DKWHYH]DL]YDMDQMHPHULWHY
NHPLþQLKDJHQVRY
Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the
measurement of chemical agents
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit von
Verfahren zur Messung chemischer Arbeitsstoffe
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Exigences générales concernant les performances
des procédures de mesurage des agents chimiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 482:2012
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
SIST EN 482:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 482:2012
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SIST EN 482:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 482
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2012
ICS 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 482:2006
English Version
Workplace exposure - General requirements for the
performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical
agents
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Exigences générales Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Allgemeine Anforderungen an
concernant les performances des procédures de mesure die Leistungsfähigkeit von Verfahren zur Messung
des agents chimiques chemischer Arbeitsstoffe
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 482:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 482:2012
EN 482:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Classification .6
4.1 General .6
4.2 Screening measurements of time weighted average concentration .6
4.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space .6
4.4 Measurements for comparison with (occupational exposure) limit values and periodic
measurements .6
5 Performance requirements .6
5.1 General .6
5.2 Screening measurements of time weighted average concentration .7
5.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space .7
5.4 Measurements for comparison with limit values and periodic measurements .7
5.4.1 Unambiguity .7
5.4.2 Selectivity .7
5.4.3 Averaging time .7
5.4.4 Measuring range .7
5.4.5 Expanded uncertainty .8
5.5 Composite procedures .8
5.6 Transport and storage .8
5.7 Environmental conditions .8
5.8 Description of measuring procedure .9
5.9 Dimension of result .9
5.10 Additional requirements .9
6 Test method .9
7 Validation report . 10
Annex A (informative) Structure of a method description . 11
Annex B (informative) Calculation of uncertainty of measurement . 12
B.1 General . 12
B.2 Uncertainty associated with sampled air volume or mass uptake . 13
B.3 Uncertainty associated with sampling efficiency . 15
B.4 Uncertainty associated with sample storage and transportation . 17
B.5 Uncertainty associated with method recovery for gases and vapours . 17
B.6 Uncertainty associated with analytical recovery for airborne particles and mixtures of
airborne particles and vapour . 17
B.7 Uncertainty associated with method variability for gases and vapours. 18
B.8 Uncertainty associated with analytical variability for airborne particles and mixtures of
airborne particles and vapour . 18
B.9 General equation for combination of uncertainty components . 18
Bibliography . 20
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SIST EN 482:2012
EN 482:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 482:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of
workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 482:2006.
The major technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition are as follows:
a) The terms and definitions given in the previous edition have been replaced by a normative reference to
EN 1540:2011.
b) The maximum expanded uncertainty for mixtures of airborne particles and vapour has been changed from
30 % to 50 %, for concentration measurements between 0,5 times and 2 times the limit value.
c) The former Annex A, regarding measurement categories described in EN 689 and involving a combination
of measurement tasks, has been deleted.
d) The former Annex C (now Annex B) has been revised to remove information already given in EN 838,
EN 1076 and EN 13890.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 482:2012
EN 482:2012 (E)
Introduction
National laws and regulations based on European Directives require the assessment of the potential exposure
of a worker to chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. One way of assessing such exposure is to
measure the concentration of a chemical agent in the air in the worker's breathing zone. The procedures used
for such measurements should give reliable and valid results, so that when compared with set occupational
exposure limit values, a correct decision can be made, for instance, as to whether the exposure level is
acceptable or control measures need to be applied.
Because of their importance in the process of exposure assessment, it is required that the measurement
procedures fulfil some general requirements which are given in this document. Specific European Standards
have been prepared for different types of measuring procedures and measuring devices. These include
European Standards for dust samplers (EN 13205), diffusive samplers (EN 838), pumped samplers (EN 1076),
detector tubes (EN 1231), sampling pumps (EN 1232 and EN 12919), metals and metalloids (EN 13890),
1)
mixtures of airborne particles and vapour (ENV 13936 ) and direct reading instruments (EN 45544 (all parts)).
In these specific European Standards, additional requirements have been included for the procedure or device
in question, so that the general requirements of this document are not compromised. Where no specific
European Standard exists, only the general requirements apply.
Performance requirements are given in this document for unambiguity, selectivity, averaging time, measuring
range and expanded uncertainty for minimum specified measuring ranges. These requirements are intended
to apply under environmental conditions present at the workplace. However, because a wide range of
environmental conditions are encountered in practice, this document specifies requirements that have to be
fulfilled by measuring procedures when tested under prescribed laboratory conditions.
It is the user's responsibility to choose the appropriate procedures or devices that meet the requirements of
this document. One way of doing this is to obtain information or confirmation from the provider of a procedure
or the manufacturer of a device. Type-testing or, more generally, assessment of the performance of
procedures or devices, can be undertaken by the manufacturer, user, test house or research and
development laboratory, as is most appropriate. A number of existing procedures for workplace
measurements have either been tested over a part of the required minimum measuring range, but not over the
entire range, or have not been tested for all environmental influences and potential interferences. If these
partially validated procedures meet the performance requirements of this European Standard, they can be
used at present. Nevertheless these procedures should be tested over the full ranges as soon as is
reasonably practicable. If there is no measuring procedure for a chemical agent which meets the requirements
of this document, a procedure should be used whose performance is closest to the specified requirements.
1) A new edition of ENV 13936 is currently being elaborated and is foreseen to be published as EN 13936.
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EN 482:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies general performance requirements for procedures for the determination of
the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres as required by the Chemical Agents
Directive 98/24/EC (see reference [7]). These requirements apply to all measuring procedures, irrespective of
the physical form of the chemical agent (gas, vapour, airborne particles), the sampling method and the
analytical method used.
This European Standard is applicable to
all steps of a measuring procedure,
measuring procedures with separate sampling and analysis steps, and
direct-reading devices.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles
EN 838, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring gases and vapours using diffusive samplers
Requirements and test methods
EN 1076, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring gases and vapours using pumped samplers
Requirements and test methods
EN 1231, Workplace atmospheres Short term detector tube measurement systems Requirements and
test methods
2)
EN 1232:1997 , Workplace atmospheres Pumps for personal sampling of chemical agents
Requirements and test methods
EN 1540, Workplace exposure Terminology
)
2
EN 12919:1999 , Workplace atmospheres Pumps for the sampling of chemical agents with a volume flow
rate of over 5 l/min Requirements and test methods
EN 13205, Workplace atmospheres Assessment of performance of instruments of airborne particle
concentrations
EN 13890, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring metals and metalloids in airborne particles
Requirements and test methods
EN 45544 (all parts), Workplace atmospheres Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct
concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours
ISO 78-2, Chemistry Layouts for standards Part 2: Methods of chemical analysis
2) A European Standard, EN ISO 13137, is being elaborated and is foreseen to replace this document.
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EN 482:2012 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540 apply.
4 Classification
4.1 General
In this document, measurements are classified according to their purpose. These classifications are based
upon the measurement strategy laid down in EN 689.
4.2 Screening measurements of time weighted average concentration
Screening measurements of time weighted average concentration are performed to obtain relatively crude
quantitative information on exposure levels. Such information is used to identify potential health hazards, and
to estimate the risk to health based on the likely severity of harm and the probability of its occurrence. These
measurements can also determine if the exposure is significantly below or significantly above the
(occupational exposure) limit value.
4.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space
Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space are used to:
a) provide information on the likely pattern of the concentration of chemical agents in the air,
b) identify locations and periods of elevated exposure,
c) provide information on the location and intensity of emission sources, and
d) estimate the effectiveness of ventilation or other technical measures.
4.4 Measurements for comparison with (occupational exposure) limit values and periodic
measurements
Measurements for comparison with (occupational exposure) limit values are used to obtain results of known
uncertainty for the average concentration of a chemical agent in the air in a worker’s breathing zone.
Periodic measurements are used to determine whether exposure conditions have changed since the
measurements for comparison with limit values were performed, or whether control measures remain effective.
NOTE Since the composition of the workplace atmosphere will have been investigated during the initial occupational
exposure assessment, it might be appropriate for periodic measurements to use procedures with lower selectivity.
5 Performance requirements
5.1 General
Performance requirements for measuring procedures depend on the purpose for which they are used. The
performance requirements for screening measurements are less stringent than for measurements for the
comparison with limit values and periodic measurements. Therefore, the performance requirements for
screening measurements in 5.2 and 5.3 are only given in general terms.
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EN 482:2012 (E)
5.2 Screening measurements of time weighted average concentration
The measurement procedures shall have:
a) adequate selectivity for the chemical agent (see 4.2),
b) averaging time less than or equal to the limit value reference period,
c) measuring range that includes the limit value, and
d) expanded uncertainty that is fit for purpose (see 4.2).
5.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space
The measuring procedures shall have:
a) adequate selectivity for the chemical agent (see 4.3),
b) short averaging time (for variation of concentration in time ≤ 5 min; for variation of concentration in
space ≤ 15 min),
c) measuring range that is fit for purpose (see 4.3), and
d) expanded uncertainty that is fit for purpose (see 4.3).
5.4 Measurements for comparison with limit values and periodic measurements
5.4.1 Unambiguity
A measuring procedure shall produce an unambiguous result for the concentration of the chemical agent
being measured in the specified measuring range, i.e. an analytically determined value shall correspond to
one concentration only.
5.4.2 Selectivity
The measuring procedure shall contain appropriate information about the nature and magnitude of any
interference.
NOTE Selectivity requirements vary from case to case, depending on what is known in advance about the workplace
air. If the identity of all contaminants present is not known in advance then the measuring procedure will need to have a
high selectivity. If the identity of all contaminants is known prior to measurement and there are no interferents present,
then it might be possible to use a measurement procedure with a low selectivity.
Procedures for measuring chemical agents present as airborne particles shall prescribe a method for
sampling the particle size fraction, as defined in EN 481, for which the limit value for the chemical agent is set.
If different limit values are set for different species of a chemical agent, then the measuring procedure shall
determine the individual species concerned.
5.4.3 Averaging time
The averaging time is equal to the sampling time, which shall be less than or equal to the limit value reference
period.
5.4.4 Measuring range
The measuring range of the procedure or instrument shall cover at least the concentrations from 0,1 times to 2
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EN 482:2012 (E)
times the limit value for long-term measurements, and from 0,5 times to 2 times the limit value for short-term
measurements.
NOTE For limit values see reference [8].
5.4.5 Expanded uncertainty
The requirements for expanded uncertainty are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Expanded uncertainty requirements for measurements
for comparison with limit values and periodic measurements
reference period measuring range relative expanded relative expanded
uncertainty uncertainty
(mixtures of airborne particles
and vapour)
short-term 0,5 times to 2 times ≤ 50 % ≤ 50 %
(e.g. 15 min) limit value
long-term 0,1 times to < 0,5 times
≤ 50 % ≤ 50 %
limit value
long-term 0,5 times to 2 times
≤ 30 % ≤ 50 %
limit value
NOTE Variation of exposure to chemical agents in the workplace can be significantly greater than indicated by the
uncertainty of a single measurement calculated according to this European Standard. This is due to the temporal and
spatial variability of workplace exposure.
5.5 Composite procedures
The performance requirements detailed in 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 shall be fulfilled for the whole measuring procedure
even if the measuring procedure consists of several distinct steps, e.g. sampling, transport and storage,
sample preparation and analysis. In the latter case, each step of the measuring procedure may be tested
individually as an alternative to testing the measuring procedure as a whole.
5.6 Transport and storage
Transport and storage of samples, if appropriate, shall be carried out in such a way that the physical and
chemical integrity is maintained between sampling and analysis.
5.7 Environmental conditions
The effect of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, pressure) on the performance of the
method shall be tested in the laboratory. Performance requirements concerning unambiguity, selectivity,
expanded uncertainty, minimum measuring range and averaging time shall be fulfilled under the conditions
likely to be encountered in the workplace.
NOTE It is not practicable to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of environmental influences in the field and
therefore laboratory tests are specified in this document. However, field tests can provide valuable information on the
performance of measurement methods.
The range of environmental conditions under which the performance requirements of 5.2 to 5.5 are fulfilled
shall be specified in the measuring procedure.
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5.8 Description of measuring procedure
The measuring procedure shall be documented in accordance with ISO 78-2.
An example for the structure of a method description is given in Annex A.
The description shall contain all necessary information to perform the measuring procedure, including
information about the attainable expanded uncertainty, measuring range, averaging time, interferences and
environmental or other conditions that can influence the performance of the measuring procedure.
If correction factors are applied, e.g. for a known and explainable bias due to environmental influences, these
shall be justified in the measuring procedure.
5.9 Dimension of result
The final measurement result shall be expressed in the same units as those of the limit value. This can be
achieved directly or by means of a suitable conversion.
This requirement is not obligatory for screening measurements of the variation of concentration in time and/or
space.
5.10 Additional requirements
In addition to the requirements given in 5.2 to 5.9, further requirements specified in EN 838, EN 1076,
EN 1231, EN 1232, EN 12919, EN 13205, EN 13890 and EN 45544 (all parts) shall be met for particular types
of measuring procedures and devices, as appropriate. See also ENV 13936.
6 Test method
6.1 Estimate the expanded uncertainty of results obtained using the measuring procedure by carrying out
the tests prescribed in the relevant European Standard(s) specific to the type of procedure or device
concerned, as listed in Clause 2. Carry out measurements at the lower and upper ends of the measuring
range specified in Table 1, and for at least one intermediate concentration. Prepare at least six replicate
samples for each set of tests and analyse the samples under repeatability conditions.
Calculate the expanded uncertainty, expressed as a percentage, according to the following procedure (see
e.g. references [9], [10], [11] and ENV 13005):
a) specify the measurand;
b) identify all possible sources of uncertainty;
c) quantify the random sampling uncertainty u and non-random sampling uncertainty u ;
s s
r nr
d) quantify the random analytical uncertainty u and non-random analytical uncertainty u ;
a a
r nr
e) calculate the combined random standard uncertainty u according to Formula (1) and the combined
c
r
non-random standard uncertainty u according to Formula (2):
c
nr
2 2
u = u + u
(1)
c s a
r r r
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EN 482:2012 (E)
2 2
u = u + u
(2)
c s a
nr nr nr
f) calculate the combined standard uncertainty u according to Formula (3);
c
2 2
u = u + u
(3)
c c c
r nr
g) calculate the expanded uncertainty U, using a coverage factor k = 2, according to Formula (4).
U = 2×u (4)
c
NOTE 1 Alternatively, the random and non-random components of sampling uncertainty and the random and non-
random components of analytical uncertainty can be combined in a different order to calculate the combined standard
uncertainty.
NOTE 2 Annex B gives information about the different components of sampling uncertainty and analytical uncertainty.
NOTE 3 For detailed calculation methods see EN 838, EN 1076, EN 13205 and EN 13890.
6.2 Carry out further tests, as appropriate, to investigate the influence of interferences and environmental
parameters, e.g. wind speed, wind direction or direction of sampling device.
6.3 For a measuring procedure consisting of several independent steps (preparation of equipment,
sampling, transport and storage of sample and analysis), each step of the measuring procedure may be
tested individually as an alternative to testing the procedure as a whole. In this case, calculate the relative
expanded uncertainty of the results obtained using the measuring procedure by an appropriate combination of
the uncertainties of all the independent steps.
NOTE For some chemical agents the performance of one or more of the steps might have to be determined by
means other than direct testing with the chemical agent. For details, see the appropriate specific European Standard.
7 Validation report
A validation report shall be prepared for each measuring procedure tested, containing at least the test
conditions, the results obtained and the extent to which the measuring procedure complies with the
requirements of this document and other relevant European Standards or International Standards.
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EN 482:2012 (E)
Annex A
(informative)
Structure of a method description
The following major clauses should be present, if applicable:
Introduction;
Title;
Warning and safety precautions;
Scope;
Normative references;
Definitions;
Principle;
Reactions;
Reagents and materials;
Apparatus and equipment;
Sampling;
Transport and storage;
Analytical procedure;
Calculation;
Performance characteristics;
Quality assurance and control;
Special cases (e. g. interferences);
Test report;
Annexes.
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EN 482:2012 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Calculation of uncertainty of measurement
B.1 General
The first step in estimating the uncertainty of measurement according to ENV 13005 is to construct a cause
and eff
...
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