oSIST prEN 17259:2018
(Main)Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Finishes and surfaces of built heritage - Investigation and documentation (APR)
Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Finishes and surfaces of built heritage - Investigation and documentation (APR)
This document defines core procedures for collecting and processing data and findings when investigating finishes and surfaces of built heritage, establishing original and subsequent colour schemes. It applies mainly to buildings and interiors, but the specified methodology could also be used for other cultural heritage objects.
This document applies to planning, commissioning and executing such investigations - from the initial project brief to the final report, and its dissemination. The document should be used as a process reference for stakeholders involved in investigating finishes and surfaces of built heritage and informed building conservation.
It describes some advantages and limitations of basic investigation techniques. It specifies the structure and content of documentation/reports to be delivered to the commissioning party.
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Oberflächen gebauten Kulturerbes - Untersuchung und Dokumentation (APR)
Dieses Dokument legt Kernverfahren für die Sammlung und die Weiterverarbeitung von Daten und Erkenntnissen bei der Untersuchung von Oberflächen von gebautem Kulturerbe fest, so dass ursprüngliche und nachträgliche Farbschemata bestimmt werden. Es gilt hauptsächlich für Gebäude und Innenräume; die festgelegte Vorgehensweise könnte jedoch auch auf andere Objekte des kulturellen Erbes angewendet werden.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die Planung, Beauftragung und Durchführung solcher Untersuchungen - vom Projektantrag bis zum Abschlussbericht und dessen Verbreitung. Dieses Dokument sollte als Prozessreferenz für Interessensvertreter, die an der Untersuchung von Oberflächen gebauten Kulturerbes sowie an fachkundiger Gebäudeerhaltung beteiligt sind, dienen.
Es beschreibt Vorteile und Einschränkungen grundlegender Untersuchungstechniken. Es legt den Aufbau und den Inhalt der Dokumentation bzw. des Berichts an den Auftraggeber fest.
Conservation des biens culturels - Finitions et surfaces du patrimoine bâti - Investigation et documentation
La présente Norme européenne définit les procédures de base pour collecter et traiter les données et les observations lors de l’étude des finitions et des surfaces du patrimoine bâti, et établir les palettes de couleurs originale et ultérieures. Elle s’applique essentiellement aux bâtiments et aux intérieurs, mais la méthodologie spécifiée peut également être utilisée pour d’autres biens du patrimoine culturel.
Le présent document porte sur la planification, la mise en place et la réalisation de telles investigations - du projet sommaire initial jusqu’au rapport final, et sa diffusion. Il convient que la norme soit utilisée comme un processus de référence par les parties prenantes impliquées dans l’étude des finitions et des surfaces du patrimoine bâti et sensibilisées à la conservation des bâtiments.
Il décrit certains avantages et limites des techniques d’investigation de base. Il spécifie la structure et le contenu de la documentation/des rapports à fournir à la partie commanditaire.
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Obloge in površine gradbene dediščine - Preiskovanje in dokumentiranje (APR)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17259:2018
01-september-2018
2KUDQMDQMHNXOWXUQHGHGLãþLQH2EORJHLQSRYUãLQHJUDGEHQHGHGLãþLQH
3UHLVNRYDQMHLQGRNXPHQWLUDQMH $35
Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Finishes and surfaces of built heritage - Investigation
and documentation (APR)
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Oberflächen gebauten Kulturerbes - Untersuchung und
Dokumentation (APR)
Conservation des biens culturels - Finitions et surfaces du patrimoine bâti - Investigation
et documentation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17259
ICS:
91.040.01 Stavbe na splošno Buildings in general
97.195 8PHWQLãNLLQREUWQLãNLL]GHONL Items of art and handicrafts.
.XOWXUQHGREULQHLQNXOWXUQD Cultural property and
GHGLãþLQD heritage
oSIST prEN 17259:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17259
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2018
ICS 97.195
English Version
Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Finishes and surfaces
of built heritage - Investigation and documentation (APR)
Conservation des biens culturels - Finitions et surfaces Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Oberflächen
du patrimoine bâti - Investigation et documentation gebauten Kulturerbes - Untersuchung und
Dokumentation (APR)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 346.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17259:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
5 General (pre-commission) . 8
6 The stages of investigation (post-commission) . 13
7 Archiving . 16
Annex A (informative) Example of period charts . 17
Annex B (informative) Examples of stratigraphic exposure and probing cut . 20
Annex C (informative) Examples of findings . 23
Bibliography . 28
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17259:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346
“Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction
Throughout its existence, built heritage has been subjected to continuous change and alteration. The
most frequent change being the repeated refurbishing and redecoration of interiors and facades,
carried out in response to a wide range of factors, such as developments in decorative fashions, changes
in the functions of rooms, changes in the wealth of successive occupants and owners, the need to revive
an old and worn painted decoration or simply routine maintenance. The investigation and
documentation of built heritage finishes and surfaces, also known as Architectural Paint Research
1
(APR) , provides a systematic method of understanding and documenting such changes. It also offers
insights into the appearance of original and later decorative schemes and may provide dates for the
application of specific schemes. This research may also provide information about structural alterations
made to a building or object, for example, the absence of early decorative layers may indicate that an
architectural element was added or replaced at a later stage. The purpose of this kind of investigation is
to locate, identify, interpret and date current and historic finishes. These investigations on finishes help
to deepen general knowledge of building history, alterations, assess their condition and plan future
work.
The focus of this type of investigation is to describe the decorative, protective and other finishes
routinely applied to both interior and exterior architectural elements. While every investigation will
have its own specific aims and research objectives, most investigations will aim to provide a narrative
account of the decorative history of the object of investigation, for example a room or façade, from its
original decoration to the most recent decorative scheme. The term finish includes accumulated layers
of ordinary industrial or house-paints, but also other finishes, such as decorative and illusionistic paint
or tooling effects, such as stencilling, shuttering marks, marbling, wood graining; applications of metal
leaf and varnishes, just to mention a few. The recording of the presence of layers of wallpaper, and wall
paintings, also fall within the scope and remit of a typical investigation. Finishes are applied to a wide
range of substrate materials composed from wood, metal, plaster, natural stone, concrete, paper,
textiles, etc. A surface of a raw building material may also be considered as a finish layer.
1
The term Architectural Paint Research (APR) is the established term in English speaking and some other European countries. For the
purpose of this standard, the abbreviation APR is sometimes used.
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1 Scope
This document defines core procedures for collecting and processing data and findings when
investigating finishes and surfaces of built heritage, establishing original and subsequent colour
schemes. It applies mainly to buildings and interiors, but the specified methodology could also be used
for other cultural heritage objects.
This document applies to planning, commissioning and executing such investigations – from the initial
project brief to the final report, and its dissemination. The document should be used as a process
reference for stakeholders involved in investigating finishes and surfaces of built heritage and informed
building conservation.
It describes some advantages and limitations of basic investigation techniques. It specifies the structure
and content of documentation/reports to be delivered to the commissioning party.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15898, Conservation of cultural property — Main general terms and definitions
EN 16085, Conservation of Cultural property — Methodology for sampling from materials of cultural
property — General rules
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the general terms and definitions given in EN 15898 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
architectural element
part of the design or the construction of a built heritage object
3.2
architectural paint research (APR)
systematic investigation and documentation of finishes and surfaces applied to build heritage
3.3
built heritage
standing structures which have an architectural, cultural or historical value
3.4
condition report
record of condition for a specific purpose, dated and authored
[SOURCE: EN 15898:2011, 3.6.5]
Note 1 to entry: A condition report normally results from a condition survey.
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3.5
cross-section
prepared sample of finishes cut crosswise for observation of the stratigraphy by use of a microscope
Note 1 to entry: The most common cross-section is mounted in resin and cut and polished perpendicularly to
examine the accumulated paint layers.
3.6
exposure
process or result of removing overlaying layers from surface areas to show the visual aspect of
underlying layers
Note 1 to entry: See also 3.17 stratigraphic exposure.
3.7
feasibility study
initial general survey of available documentation and onsite assessment of the current visible state of
finishes to assess the aims of the investigation
3.8
finish
material and/or treatment applied to improve, protect or decorate surfaces of built heritage
EXAMPLES Paints, varnishes, gilding, wood finishes, textiles and/or wallpapers, plasters, renders, stucco.
Note 1 to entry: A finish can be composed of several layers (primer, undercoat, top coat, glazes and varnishes),
forming one scheme or an uncoated surface left as built intentionally.
Note 2 to entry: This definition applies to the central element of this standard regardless of translation
(architectural finishes, Architekturfassungen and surfaces du bâti /finis architecturaux/surfaces
architecturées/surfaces architecturales).
3.9
investigator
qualified and experienced professional who performs investigation and documentation of finishes and
surfaces of built heritage
Note 1 to entry: Authorization or accreditation of investigators is to be applied in countries where such systems
exist.
3.10
object
single manifestation of tangible cultural heritage
[SOURCE: EN 15898:2011, 3.1.3]
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard, the term object is limited to built heritage.
Note 2 to entry: The term “object” is used in this standard for cultural heritage, both immovable and movable. In
specific professional contexts, other terms are used: e.g. "artefact", “cultural property", “item”, “ensemble”, “site”,”
building”, "fabric”.
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3.11
period chart
concise time-referenced diagrammatic overview of all the schemes found on architectural elements, e.g.
a façade or an interior (also known as explanatory chart or room chart)
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for an example.
3.12
photomicrograph
photograph taken with a camera mounted on a microscope
3.13
probing cut
sloping cut
oblique incision from the surface to the substrate made to expose the accumulated layers of several
finishes to establish the presence of surviving layers (see example in Annex B)
3.14
project brief
initial description of the objective, background and context for the overall project
3.15
sampling
process of removing a sample
[SOURCE: EN 16085:2012, 3.3]
Note 1 to entry: In this standard, sampling refers to the process of collecting material from an object for further
examination and recording its location.
3.16
scheme
all applied finishes assigned to one particular period in time (also known as colour scheme or
decorative scheme)
3.17
stratigraphic exposure
process or result of exposure where the colour and texture of successive layers are uncovered stepwise
and side-by-side
3.18
substrate
material of an object on which finishes are applied
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply.
APR Architectural Paint Research
CIELAB, Lab, L*a*b Color space defined by the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage), based
on one channel for Luminance (lightness) (L) and two color channels (a and b).
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5 General (pre-commission)
5.1 Introduction to investigation and documentation
Investigation and documentation of finishes and surfaces of built heritage combines the study of
relevant historic documentation, on-site investigation and the examination of sample material, to place
the findings in a historic context. Some investigations may choose to focus on just one particular
historic period. Multidisciplinary professionals, drawn from a wide range of backgrounds, such as
conservation, painting and decorating, art history, building archaeology, and science, are involved in
this field.
Such investigation and documentation can be of help when defining cultural significance of built
heritage. These investigations should not be looked upon as isolated events but as part of an ongoing
documentation and research to obtain a broader understanding of built heritage.
Using and sharing this information leads to informed consideration of the range of conservation options
for the future use and presentation of built heritage to ensure appropriate management for current use
and the appreciation and enjoyment of future generations.
Investigation of finishes and surfaces may precede development of conservation plan and
implementation of conservation. This underlines the fact that such investigations should be performed
before major changes are made to the object.
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Figure 1 — Flowchart of the process of investigation and documentation, green is pre-
commission, red is post-commission
5.2 Purpose of investigation
Investigation of finishes and surfaces provides valuable contributions when it comes to understanding
the development of built heritage, with respect to the original and later appearances, their significance,
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and to the assessment of further alteration measures. The scope of such an investigation shall be
proportional to the project brief and based on a feasibility study.
In consequence, the level of investigation shall be determined in close collaboration with the
commissioning party to be able to answer the case specific requirements. Depending on the objectives,
a preliminary investigation, survey, in depth survey or material analysis can be offered to gain
necessary insight and produce possible solutions (see Table 1).
Investigations of finishes and surfaces shall be initiated during the early stages of major building or
refurbishment projects. It can be executed at different phases depending on the nature and scale of the
project. This can facilitate funding and give a reasonable timetable for the fieldwork and research,
preferably before any intervention (reconstruction, modernisation, demolition, etc.) starts.
A project brief should define the purpose of the investigation and contain a detailed description of the
following subjects: the project objective, research questions, time frame, budget, initial checklist,
flowchart of the proposed working method to address the request, and a list of expected deliverables.
During investigations of finishes and surfaces, observations concerning architectural elements,
substrates and their condition will be made. Findings may lead to proposals to treat both structure
and/or surfaces. However, both the assessment of condition and of structural aspects of a building are
dealt with in other standards and do not lie within the scope of this document.
Determining the appropriate level of investigation at an early stage of the project will optimize time and
costs of the investigation of the object. The existence of historical layers and schemes can be established
by means of a feasibility study, thereby reducing the level of uncertainty for the commissioning party.
Unexpected discoveries during investigation may entail additional work.
Table 1 — Objectives for investigation of finishes and surfaces of built heritage
Pre-commission Post-commission
Type Feasibility Preliminary Survey In depth survey Material analysis
study investigation
(defining the
project)
Level 0 1 2 3 4
Objective Identification of Development of Basic knowledge Complete In depth
objectives. First, project brief of finishes and knowledge of knowledge about
non-binding, surfaces of built finishes and finishes and
Develop a
onsite heritage specified surfaces of built surfaces of built
project plan for
assessment of in project brief. heritage specified heritage,
level 2 or 3.
the current in project brief identification of
Develop a project
First contact
visible state of (material)
plan for level 3 Develop project
with and
finishes. Most elements
and 4. plan for level 4.
general
often during
Recommendations
impression of Recommendations Recommendations
first contact
for future
the finishes. for future for future
between
management.
management. management.
commissioning
party and
investigator.
Assessment of
feasibility for
level 1-4
Expected Decision on Assessment of Essential overview Establishing the Detailed
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result whether to start the current of findings. appearance of the information for
an state and the historic scheme. reconstruction
investigation. available (materials and
documentation. techniques).
Deliverable Oral statement Written report Written and Written and Full report and
and short note illustrated report. illustrated report additional analysis
Project brief
on existence of for
Action plan Action plan
Time and cost
any historical interdisciplinary
estimation Period chart Period chart
schemes. use.
(draft) (see (complete)
Period chart
Analytical data,
example 2 and 3 in (example 2 and 3
(initial) (see
used analytical
Annex A) in Annex A)
example 1 in
instruments and
Annex A) Condition report
analysis conditions
(for discussion)
Project plan for
next level.
Technique/ In situ In situ In situ: In situ: In situ:
approach by approach.
method Exposures and/or Exposures and/or Exposures and/or
probing cuts,
Review of sampling sampling sampling
raking light
already
Ocular Ocular Ocular
examination of
available
investigation investigation investigation
surfaces and
documentation
Research/study of Research/study of Research/study of
quick
existing existing existing
assessment of
documentation documentation documentation
any (historical)
and historical and historical and historical
writings and/or
sources sources. sources.
images.
Additional
laboratory or
analytical
investigation.
5.3 Competency requirements for the planning and performance of investigations
The commissioning party should select an investigator or investigating team who is able to demonstrate
their competency to conduct research to a level that can answer the objectives outlined in this standard
(Table 1). The commissioning party should get access to previous reports to assess the quality of the
investigator’s work.
If the commissioning party does not have the specific competencies to identify the objectives and
feasibility of any project - from obtaining basic knowledge to a comprehensive understanding - he/she
should contract a competent professional to determine level and extent of investigation and the
expected resulting report.
To perform an investigation, the following competencies are needed: knowledge and understanding of
the history of decorative schemes, materials and techniques, building analysis, materials science, local
traditions and conservation theory and ethics. Interaction of involved/multiple disciplines will provide
for integration of practise and applied research.
5.4 Requirements for commissioning and preparing the project brief
Commissioning parties ordering an investigation of finishes and surfaces of built heritage shall define
their goals as specifically as possible in a project brief, describing the aims and make sure that
deliverables from the investigators will address their initial request/requirements, and required date
for completion. The areas of interest for the investigation should be clearly defined in cooperation
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between the commissioning party and cultural heritage authorities before changes are made to the
object of investigation.
Commissioning parties shall share available (historical) information, material, and (archival)
documentation related to the investigation. Part of the investigation process can be performed
beforehand as an off-site inventory of already accessible material and documents collected from various
sources at an early stage in the process. Another part will focus on on-site investigation to find or clarify
interpretations, assumptions or oral history evidence.
Premises and focus areas, knowledge of the site, suggestions for documentation methods and analytical
examinations, should be defined as a collaborative effort with the commissioning party and result in
suggestions to compile the appropriate project team and develop a realistic project plan and tender
document. The project plan shall define and/or specify all subjects which need to be assessed by
cultural heritage professionals.
5.5 Checklist for commissioning
5.5.1 Project brief
The project brief should begin by defining the objective of the investigation.
This will require that the following are addressed (not in prioritised order):
a) ownership and decision-making rights and any ethical considerations;
b) identification of any stakeholders;
c) identification of professional competences to be involved in the definition and the implementation
of projects;
d) identification of available resources;
e) verification, where appropriate, of any legal or professional requirements including authority to
act; especially for buildings or objects of particular significance and importance it may be a legal
requirement to consult cultural heritage authorities from the outset of the project;
f) any social, educational or public access considerations, patterns of use or change of use;
g) identification of insurance and professional responsibilities.
5.5.2 Object information
To help implementing APR in the decision-making process, information about the object shall be
gathered and evaluated. The following features shall be considered (not in prioritised order):
a) identification of the object: location, type, volume, distribution;
b) description of materials and construction;
c) significance of the object and its materials;
d) current use, taking risks into account;
e) conservation history, e.g. previous intervention, former use, reports, etc. and current condition,
environment;
f) historical and archival information;
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g) any need for further research, e.g. historical, artistic, scientific information gathered shall be
evaluated for validity, relevance, sufficiency and reliability.
5.5.3 Organisational constraints
The following organisational constraints shall be considered when commissioning this type of
investigation (not in prioritised order):
a) accessibility of areas to investigate (scaffolds, aerial work platforms, etc.);
b) health and safety, environmental risks;
c) security conditions;
d) time frame.
6 The stages of investigation (post-commission)
6.1 Stages
The extent of the investigation shall reflect aims and objectives of the project and be sufficient to
answer the commissioning party’s questions.
The investigation process is divided into the following stages:
— Project preparation
— Examination
— Processing of data
— Interpretation of findings
— Report, advice and recommendations
All stages include documentation.
6.2 Project preparation
All investigations and documentation shall begin with establishing existing relevant information, scope
and findings of any previous research, including the feasibility study and the project brief. A period
chart should be initiated (a first draft period chart with known and defined architectural elements and
periods, see examples in Annex A) and completed during the course of the investigation.
Relevant information, such as archival material and historical images, can be found in conservation
plans, conservation surveys, historic building reports or similar documents, see Table 1, Preliminary
investigation.
6.3 Examination
6.3.1 Choice of methods
Investigation methods applied need to be adapted to circumstances. Methods involve both on-site and
off-site investigations. The first on-site assessment helps prioritising the work plan. In order to
reinforce interpretation of observations, it is recommended to combine several of the methods listed
here (6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.3.5 and 6.4).
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Whichever method, or combination of methods, is applied, it is important that the results are verifiable
and that all investigated locations are documented. By further developing the period chart, all existing
architectural elements are defined. Any result and/or finding shall be mentioned in the documentation
and report. See Annex B and C for examples.
6.3.2 Planning and developing an investigation strategy
To establish an investigation strategy, the selection of locations and method(s) for investigation on site
shall be proportioned and appropriate to the aimed outcome. Several methods can be used in parallel.
In those cases where permission for taking samples or exposing historic layers needs to be sought from
local or cultural heritage authorities, such applications shall be made in good time ahead of the actual
intervention.
6.3.3 Visual assessment and development of the period chart
The investigator shall undertake a visual assessment of the site and update the period chart and use this
information to establish a sampling strategy.
The numbering of the stratigraphy begins with the identification of the substrate and ends with the last
applied layer. Each of the decorative schemes shall be numbered consecutively and each layer shall be
assigned to a specific scheme. The type of examination (eye, magnifying glass, microscope, in-situ
analysis, etc.) shall be noted. See Annex A for examples of period charts.
6.3.4 Sampling
The sampling strategy shall include elements of interest marked on the period chart. Establishing the
stratigraphy is often the primary objective of sampling.
A cross-section sample shall include substrate, or at least evidence that all layers (from the
latest/current scheme to substrate) are present in the sample taken.
A sample can provide a
...
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