SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003

• Abstract:

  DE/RES-01-05

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-2003
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• ICS: 47.020.70 - Navigation and control equipment
• Technical Committee: RES - Radio equipment and systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Ref Project: ETSI ETS 300 338 ed.1 (1995-11) - Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for equipment for generation, transmission and reception of Digital Selective Calling (DSC) in the maritime MF, MF/HF and/or VHF mobile service

SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 is the Slovenian adoption of ETS 300 338 Edition 1, a European Telecommunications Standard for Digital Selective Calling (DSC) equipment used on ships. It specifies minimum technical characteristics and methods of measurement for equipment that generates, transmits, and receives DSC in the maritime MF, MF/HF, and/or VHF mobile service, for distress, safety, and public correspondence use.

What does SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 specify?

SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 applies to DSC equipment on board ships, whether the DSC function is integrated with a transmitter and/or receiver or provided as separate equipment. It sets requirements for MF, HF, MF/HF, and VHF maritime use, and it links those requirements to the relevant ITU Radio Regulations, ITU-R recommendations, SOLAS, and IMO provisions.

The document is organized into:

• Clause 3 - general requirements for construction, controls, alarms, interfaces, safety, and instructions
• Clause 4 - test conditions, standard test signals, environmental tests, and measurement uncertainty
• Clauses 5 to 8 - transmitter and encoder requirements
• Clauses 9 to 12 - receiver and decoder requirements
• Annexes for test calls and test equipment details

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Normative test calls and applicable telecommands for shipborne DSC equipment classes
Annex B	Specification of the power measuring receiver used in measurements

The standard also identifies equipment classes A, B, D, E, F, and G, which differ by the DSC functions and carriage expectations they are intended to cover. That matters in practice because a buyer or test lab can use the class designation to see which call types and operating features must be supported.

What are the key requirements of SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003?

SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 focuses on how DSC ship equipment must behave, how it is tested, and how its performance is judged. The most important points are the service bands, the call-handling functions, the switching and tuning times, and the transmitter and receiver measurements.

• Service frequencies and emission classes are fixed by band and mode. Clause 3 requires integrated equipment to work on the DSC frequencies identified for MF, MF/HF, and VHF channel 70, and it assigns the emission classes used in each case. For manufacturers, this means the radio path has to match both the maritime band and the signaling method.

• Channel switching and transmit/receive changeover must be fast. Clause 3.2 limits integrated equipment to short delays when changing channels and when switching between transmit and receive. In practice, this matters for distress and safety calls, where long delays can slow or disrupt communication.

• DSC call handling must support identity, composition, and acknowledgement. Clause 3.6 covers composition of calls, visual indication, ship identity, manual entry of information, error check characters, distress calling, incoming calls, internal memory, automatic acknowledgement, and routine testing. This means the equipment must not only send a call, but also build the message correctly and show the operator what is happening.

• Controls, indicators, alarms, and interfaces must support safe operation. Clause 3.5 covers controls and indicators, clause 3.7 covers alarm circuits, and clause 3.8 covers interfaces to external circuits such as remote alarms and printer output. In practice, the equipment has to fit into a ship’s operating setup and make distress and urgency conditions visible and actionable.

• Safety and installation information must be provided. Clause 3.9 covers protection against excessive current and voltage, earthing, access, and memory, while clause 3.10 requires the compass safe distance to be stated on the equipment or in the manual. Clause 3.11 requires operating and maintenance instructions, and where practical, circuit diagrams, component layouts, and parts lists. That helps installers and maintenance staff work with the equipment correctly.

• Tests are run under normal and extreme conditions, plus environmental stress. Clause 4 requires conformance testing under normal conditions and, where stated, extreme conditions, using calibrated apparatus and defined test power sources. Clause 4.11 includes vibration, temperature, corrosion, and rain tests. This matters because ship equipment must keep working after exposure to marine conditions.

• Transmitters, encoders, receivers, and decoders are checked by measurable performance items. Clauses 5 to 12 cover frequency error, output power or voltage, modulation rate, residual modulation, unwanted emissions, tuning time, transient frequency behaviour, sensitivity, selectivity, blocking, intermodulation, dynamic range, and correct decoding. For a buyer or test lab, this is the core of compliance checking because it shows whether the equipment can send and receive DSC reliably.

• Annex A defines the call types that must be exercised. The test calls include distress, urgency, safety, routine, acknowledgement, polling, position updating, and semi-automatic/automatic service cases, with class-specific applicability. That gives the test house a realistic call set instead of a single generic signal.

What terms does SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 define?

• Digital Selective Calling (DSC) - The digital signaling method used to set up distress, safety, and routine maritime calls.
• Medium Frequency (MF) - The maritime frequency range used for some DSC equipment and tests.
• High Frequency (HF) - The higher maritime frequency range used for long-range DSC operation.
• Very High Frequency (VHF) - The maritime band used for VHF DSC, including channel 70.
• Maritime Mobile Service (MMS) - The ship radio service context covered by the standard.
• Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) - The carriage and operational framework referenced by the equipment classes.
• Symbol error rate - The share of decoded information symbols that are incorrect, used in receiver performance checks.

Who uses SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003?

SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 is used by manufacturers of shipborne DSC equipment, test laboratories, certification and conformity assessment bodies, and marine electronics integrators. It is also useful to quality managers and buyers who need to compare a product’s DSC class and test coverage before acceptance.

In practice, users apply it when designing DSC transmitters, encoders, receivers, and decoders, when setting up compliance tests, and when checking that distress, urgency, safety, and routine call functions work with the expected maritime interfaces and call formats.

What changed in SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 from the previous edition?

SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 is identical to ETS 300 338 Edition 1.

Which standards are used with SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003?

• ITU Radio Regulations - Provide the radio-service and spectrum framework used by the standard.
• ITU-T Recommendation E.161 - Gives the arrangement of digits, letters, and symbols for telephone-style keypads.
• SOLAS (1974 as amended in 1988) - Sets the maritime safety context for ship equipment.
• ITU-R Recommendation M.493-6 - Defines the DSC system and message format used throughout the document.
• ITU-R Recommendation M.541-5 - Provides operational procedures for DSC use in the maritime mobile service.
• ITU-R Recommendation M.689-2 - Covers automatic VHF radiotelephone facilities based on DSC signaling.
• NMEA 0183, Version 2.00 - Provides the interface protocol used for scanning-related status and frequency reporting.
• ITU-R Recommendation SM.332-4 - Supports receiver selectivity concepts used in receiver testing.
• ISO Standard 3791 - Covers numeric keyboard layouts relevant to data entry.
• IEC Recommendation 529 - Supplies the IP code concept for enclosure protection.
• ETR 028 - Provides uncertainty guidance for mobile radio measurements.
• ITU-T Recommendation V.11 - Covers electrical characteristics for balanced interchange circuits.
• ITU-R Recommendation M.1082 - Relates to MF/HF radiotelephone systems with automatic DSC facilities.

What does the SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 document contain?

SIST ETS 300 338 E1:2003 contains detailed requirement and test clauses rather than only high-level performance statements. Clause 4 gives the test setup rules, including source impedances, power supply conditions, standard test signals, environmental tests, and measurement uncertainty treatment.

Clauses 5 to 8 give the measurement methods and limits for MF/HF and VHF transmitters and encoders, including unwanted spectral components and call-sequence verification. Clauses 9 to 12 do the same for MF/HF and VHF receivers and decoders, including scanning behaviour, sensitivity, selectivity, blocking, dynamic range, antenna input protection, and correct decoding of DSC calls.

The document also includes:

• Tables for test conditions and impedance arrangements
• Figures for unwanted spectral components and transient transmitter behaviour
• A normative annex of test calls and class-dependent telecommands
• A technical specification for the power measuring receiver used in the tests

These parts are the working basis for design verification, laboratory testing, and conformance reporting.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
5DGLMVNDRSUHPDLQVLVWHPL5(6±7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH]D
QDSUDYHNLJHQHULUDMRRGGDMDMRLQVSUHMHPDMRGLJLWDOQLVHOHNWLYQLNOLFYSRPRUVNL
VOXåELQDVUHGQMHYDORYQHPVUHGQMHNUDWNRYDORYQHPLQ8.9SRGURþMX
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technical characteristics and methods of
measurement for equipment for generation, transmission and reception of Digital
Selective Calling (DSC) in the maritime MF, MF/HF and/or VHF mobile service
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 338 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
47.020.70 Navigacijska in krmilna Navigation and control
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 338
TELECOMMUNICATION November 1995
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DE/RES-01-05
ICS: 33.020
radiotelephony, maritime radio, GMDSS, DSC systems
Key words:
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for
equipment for generation, transmission and reception of Digital
Selective Calling (DSC) in the maritime MF, MF/HF and/or VHF
mobile service
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - [e-mail]
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
Contents
Foreword .9
1 Scope .11
2 Normative references.11
3 General requirements .12
3.1 Construction.12
3.1.1 General.12
3.1.2 DSC signals input/output: analogue signals.12
3.1.3 DSC signals input/output: digital signals .13
3.1.4 Decoding .13
3.1.5 Accessibility.13
3.1.6 Calibration .13
3.1.7 Selection of signal characteristics .13
3.1.8 Reduction of power for VHF equipment .13
3.1.9 VHF channel 70 access .13
3.1.10 Automatic/semi-automatic service .13
3.2 Switching time.13
3.3 Frequencies .13
3.4 Classes of emission.14
3.5 Controls and indicators .14
3.5.1 General.14
3.5.2 Input panel.14
3.5.3 Light sources.14
3.5.4 Operation.14
3.5.5 Markings.15
3.5.6 Distress function.15
3.6 Facilities for equipment for coding and decoding of DSC.15
3.6.1 Composition of calls .15
3.6.2 Visual indication.15
3.6.3 Ship's identity.15
3.6.4 Entry of information .15
3.6.5 Insertion of sequence codes .16
3.6.6 Insertion of error check character .16
3.6.7 Distress call.16
3.6.8 Remote control.16
3.6.9 Single frequency distress call.16
3.6.10 Multi-frequency distress call .16
3.6.11 Distress call acknowledgement.16
3.6.12 Incoming calls.16
3.6.13 Internal memory .16
3.6.14 Automatic acknowledgement .17
3.6.15 Routine testing .17
3.7 Alarm circuits .17
3.7.1 Distress and urgency.17
3.7.2 Other categories.17
3.8 Interfaces between DSC equipment and external circuits.17
3.8.1 Remote alarms.17
3.8.2 Operational interfaces .17
3.8.3 Printer output.17
3.8.4 Other interfaces.18
3.9 Safety precautions .18
3.9.1 Excessive current and voltage .18
3.9.2 Protection .18
3.9.3 Earthing .18
3.9.4 Access.18

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
3.9.5 Memory. 18
3.10 Compass safe distance. 18
3.11 Instructions. 18
3.12 Warming-up period . 19
3.12.1 Time. 19
3.12.2 Heaters . 19
3.12.3 Heating circuits . 19
4 Test conditions. 19
4.1 General. 19
4.2 Generation and examination of the digital selective call signal. 19
4.3 Standard test signals. 19
4.3.1 References to standard test signals . 19
4.3.2 Standard test signal no. 1 . 19
4.3.3 Standard test signal no. 2 . 20
4.3.4 Standard test signal no. 3 . 20
4.3.5 Standard test signal no. 4 . 20
4.4 Determination of the symbol error rate in the output of the receiving part . 20
4.5 Impedance of test signal sources. 20
4.5.1 Equipment ports. 20
4.5.2 Impedances . 21
4.5.2.1 Non-integrated equipment . 21
4.6 Connection of test signals . 21
4.7 Test power source. 21
4.8 Internally generated signals . 22
4.9 Normal test conditions. 22
4.9.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 22
4.9.2 Normal test power source. 22
4.9.2.1 Mains voltage and mains frequency. 22
4.9.2.2 Secondary battery power source . 22
4.9.2.3 Other power sources. 22
4.10 Extreme test conditions. 22
4.10.1 Temperatures when testing under extreme conditions. 22
4.10.2 Procedures of tests at extreme temperatures . 22
4.10.3 Extreme values of test power source . 23
4.10.3.1 Mains voltage and mains frequency. 23
4.10.3.2 Secondary battery power sources. 23
4.10.3.3 Other power sources. 23
4.11 Environmental tests. 23
4.11.1 Introduction . 23
4.11.2 Procedure . 23
4.11.3 Performance check. 23
4.11.4 Vibration test. 24
4.11.4.1 Method of measurement. 24
4.11.4.2 Requirement . 25
4.11.5 Temperature tests . 25
4.11.5.1 Dry heat for externally mounted equipment . 25
4.11.5.1.1 Method of measurement . 25
4.11.5.1.2 Requirement. 25
4.11.5.2 Damp heat cycle . 25
4.11.5.2.1 Method of measurement . 25
4.11.5.2.2 Requirement. 26
4.11.5.3 Low temperature cycle for externally mounted equipment . 26
4.11.5.3.1 Method of measurement . 26
4.11.5.3.2 Requirement. 26
4.11.6 Corrosion test . 26
4.11.6.1 General . 26
4.11.6.2 Method of measurement. 26
4.11.6.3 Requirements. 27
4.11.7 Rain test. 27
4.11.7.1 General . 27
4.11.7.2 Method of measurement. 27
4.11.7.3 Requirements. 28

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
4.12 Measurement uncertainty and interpretation of the measuring results.28
4.12.1 Measurement uncertainty.28
4.12.2 Interpretation of measurement results .29
5 MF/HF transmitter with integrated DSC encoder .29
5.1 Frequency error .29
5.1.1 Definition .29
5.1.2 Method of measurement .29
5.1.3 Limits.29
5.2 RF output power .29
5.2.1 Definition .29
5.2.2 Method of measurement .29
5.2.3 Limits.29
5.3 Modulation rate .30
5.3.1 Definition .30
5.3.2 Method of measurement .30
5.3.3 Limits.30
5.4 Residual modulation of the transmitter .30
5.4.1 Definition .30
5.4.2 Method of measurement .30
5.4.3 Limits.30
5.5 Unwanted emission.30
5.5.1 Definition .30
5.5.2 Method of measurement .31
5.5.3 Limits.31
5.6 Testing of generated call sequences.32
5.7 Tuning time .32
5.8 Protection of transmitter.33
5.8.1 Definition .33
5.8.2 Method of measurement .33
5.8.3 Limits.33
6 VHF transmitter with integrated DSC encoder .33
6.1 Frequency error (carrier).33
6.1.1 Definition .33
6.1.2 Method of measurement .33
6.1.3 Limits.33
6.2 Frequency error (demodulated signal).33
6.2.1 Definition .33
6.2.2 Method of measurement .33
6.2.3 Limits.34
6.3 Carrier power .34
6.3.1 Definition .34
6.3.2 Method of measurement .34
6.3.3 Limits.34
6.3.3.1 Normal test conditions .34
6.3.3.2 Extreme test conditions .34
6.4 Modulation index.34
6.4.1 Definition .34
6.4.2 Method of measurement .34
6.4.3 Limits.34
6.5 Modulation rate .35
6.5.1 Definition .35
6.5.2 Method of measurement .35
6.5.3 Limits.35
6.6 Residual modulation of the transmitter .35
6.6.1 Definition .35
6.6.2 Method of measurement .35
6.6.3 Limits.35
6.7 Adjacent channel power.35
6.7.1 Definition .35
6.7.2 Measurement .35
6.7.2.1 Method of measurement.35

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
6.7.3 Limits . 36
6.8 Conducted spurious emissions conveyed to the antenna. 36
6.8.1 Definition. 36
6.8.2 Method of measurement. 36
6.8.3 Limit . 36
6.9 Testing of generated call sequences . 37
6.10 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter. 37
6.10.1 Definitions . 37
6.10.2 Method of measurement. 38
7 MF/HF DSC encoder . 41
7.1 Frequency error. 41
7.1.1 Definition. 41
7.1.2 Method of measurement. 41
7.1.3 Limits . 41
7.2 Output voltage. 41
7.2.1 Definition. 41
7.2.2 Method of measurement. 41
7.2.3 Limits . 41
7.2.3.1 Analogue voltage . 41
7.2.3.2 Binary voltage. 41
7.3 Bit stream speed . 41
7.3.1 Definition. 41
7.3.2 Method of measurement. 41
7.3.3 Limits . 42
7.4 Unwanted spectral components of the output signal . 42
7.4.1 Definition. 42
7.4.2 Method of measurement. 42
7.4.3 Limits . 42
7.5 Testing of generated call sequences . 43
7.6 Residual frequency modulation. 43
7.6.1 Definition. 43
7.6.2 Method of measurement. 43
7.6.3 Limits . 43
8 VHF DSC encoder. 43
8.1 Frequency error. 43
8.1.1 Definition. 43
8.1.2 Method of measurements. 43
8.1.3 Limits . 43
8.2 Output voltage. 44
8.2.1 Definition. 44
8.2.2 Method of measurement. 44
8.2.3 Limits . 44
8.2.3.1 Analogue voltage . 44
8.2.3.2 Binary voltage. 44
8.3 Bit stream speed . 44
8.3.1 Definition. 44
8.3.2 Method of measurement. 44
8.3.3 Limits . 44
8.4 Unwanted spectral components of the output signal . 44
8.4.1 Definition. 44
8.4.2 Method of measurement. 44
8.4.3 Limits . 45
8.5 Testing of generated call sequences . 45
8.6 Residual frequency modulation. 45
8.6.1 Definition. 45
8.6.2 Method of measurement. 45
8.6.3 Limits . 46
9 MF/HF receiver with integrated DSC decoder. 46
9.1 Scanning watch receiver efficiency . 46
9.1.1 Definition. 46

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
9.1.2 Method of measurement .46
9.1.3 Limits.46
9.2 Calling sensitivity.46
9.2.1 Definition .46
9.2.2 Method of measurement .46
9.2.3 Limits.47
9.3 Adjacent channel selectivity.47
9.3.1 Definition .47
9.3.2 Method of measurement .47
9.3.3 Limits.47
9.4 Co-channel rejection.47
9.4.1 Definition .47
9.4.2 Method of measurements .47
9.4.3 Limits.48
9.5 RF intermodulation response.48
9.5.1 Definition .48
9.5.2 Method of measurement .48
9.5.3 Limits.48
9.6 Interference rejection and blocking immunity .48
9.6.1 Definition .48
9.6.2 Method of measurement .48
9.6.3 Limits.48
9.7 Dynamic range.49
9.7.1 Definition .49
9.7.2 Method of measurement .49
9.7.3 Limits.49
9.8 Conducted spurious emissions.49
9.8.1 Definition .49
9.8.2 Method of measurement .49
9.8.3 Limits.49
9.9 Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls.49
9.10 Protection of receiver antenna input circuits.50
10 VHF receiver with integrated DSC decoder .50
10.1 Maximum usable sensitivity .50
10.1.1 Definition .50
10.1.2 Method of measurement .50
10.1.3 Limits.50
10.2 Co-channel rejection.50
10.2.1 Definition .50
10.2.2 Method of measurement .50
10.2.3 Limits.51
10.3 Adjacent channel selectivity.51
10.3.1 Definition .51
10.3.2 Method of measurement .51
10.3.3 Limits.51
10.4 Spurious response and blocking immunity .51
10.4.1 Definition .51
10.4.2 Method of measurement .51
10.4.3 Limits.52
10.5 Intermodulation response .52
10.5.1 Definition .52
10.5.2 Method of measurement .52
10.5.3 Limits.52
10.6 Dynamic range.52
10.6.1 Definition .52
10.6.2 Method of measurement .52
10.6.3 Limit.52
10.7 Conducted spurious emissions.53
10.7.1 Definition .53
10.7.2 Method of measurement .53
10.7.3 Limit.53
10.8 Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls.53

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
11 MF/HF DSC decoder . 53
11.1 Interface for scanning. 53
11.2 Scanning efficiency . 54
11.2.1 Definition. 54
11.2.2 Method of measurement. 54
11.2.3 Limits . 54
11.3 Dynamic range . 54
11.3.1 Definition. 54
11.3.2 Method of measurement. 54
11.3.2.1 Analogue voltage . 54
11.3.2.2 Binary voltage. 54
11.3.3 Limits . 55
11.4 Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls . 55
12 VHF DSC decoder. 55
12.1 Dynamic range . 55
12.1.1 Definition. 55
12.1.2 Method of measurement. 55
12.1.2.1 Analogue voltage . 55
12.1.2.2 Binary voltage. 55
12.1.3 Limits . 56
12.2 Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls . 56
Annex A (normative): Test calls. 57
A.1 Types of calls to be tested. 57
A.2 Telecommands applicable to DSC shipborne equipment . 58
A.2.1 Class A, MF/HF equipment . 58
A.2.2 Class A, VHF equipment. 58
A.2.3 Class B, MF equipment. 58
A.2.4 Class B, VHF equipment. 58
A.2.5 Class D. 58
A.2.6 Class E. 58
A.2.7 Class F . 58
A.2.8 Class G. 58
Annex B (normative): Specifications for adjacent channel power measurement arrangements. 59
B.1 Power measuring receiver specification . 59
B.1.1 IF filter . 59
B.1.2 Attenuation indicator. 60
B.1.3 Rms value indicator. 60
B.1.4 Oscillator and amplifier. 60
History. 61

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ETS 300 338: November 1995
Foreword
This European Telecommunications Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment and
Systems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 29 September 1995
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 28 February 1996
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 August 1996
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 August 1996
Every ETS prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. This ETS may contain text concerning conformance
testing of the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not
make this ETS mandatory.
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ETS 300 338: November 1995
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ETS 300 338: November 1995
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) states the minimum requirements for equipment to be
used for generation, transmission and reception of Digital Selective Calling (DSC) for use on board ships.
DSC may be used in the Medium Frequency (MF), High Frequency (HF) and Very High Frequency (VHF)
Maritime Mobile Service (MMS), both in connection with distress and safety communication and in
connection with p
...