SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
(Main)Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Following BT 125/1992, this part of ISO 9241 will undergo a parallel CEN/ISO ++ voting procedure.
Ergonomische Anforderungen für Bürotätigkeiten mit Bildschirmgeräten - Teil 9: Anforderungen an Eingabemittel-ausgenommen Tastaturen (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 enthält Anforderungen und Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von Eingabemitteln außer Tastaturen. Er schließt nur Geräte ein, für die in ausreichendem Maße ergonomische Erkenntnisse vorliegen.
Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 gilt für mehrere Arten von Eingabemitteln, die für einen stationären Gebrauch vorgesehen sind. Er gibt auf ergonomischen Faktoren basierende Anleitung für folgende Eingabemittel: Mäuse, Pucks, Joysticks, Rollkugeln, Tabletts und Overlays, Berührungsbildschirme (Touchscreens), Griffel und Lichtstifte. Er gibt Anleitung für die Gestaltung dieser Geräte, die für typische Büroaufgaben genutzt werden, so dass die Leistungsgrenzen und Fähigkeiten der Benutzer berücksichtigt werden. Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 sieht Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Konformität durch Beobachtung und durch Messung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der verschiedenen Geräte vor.
Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux a écrans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 9: Exigences relatives aux dispositifs d'entrée autres que les claviers (ISO 9241-9:2000)
La présente partie de l'ISO 9241 fournit les exigences et recommandations pour la conception des dispositifs d'entrée autres que les claviers. Elle traite uniquement des dispositifs pour lesquels les informations ergonomiques publiées à ce jour sont suffisantes.La présente partie de l'ISO 9241 s'applique à plusieurs types de dispositifs d'entrée autres que les claviers conçus pour une utilisation sédentaire. Elle fournit des recommandations fondées sur des facteurs ergonomiques pour les dispositifs d'entrée suivants: souris, souris optiques, manettes, boules roulantes, tablettes et barres graphiques, écrans tactiles, stylets et photostyles. Les recommandations portent sur la conception de ces dispositifs dédiés à des tâches de bureau spécifiques, de manière à prendre en compte les contraintes et les capacités inhérentes à l'utilisateur. La présente partie de l'ISO 9241 spécifie des méthodes permettant de déterminer le degré de conformité, à travers l'observation, les performances, et le mesurage des caractéristiques physiques des différents dispositifs.
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices (ISO 9241-9:2000)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
01-januar-2002
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part
9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 9:
Requirements for non-keyboard input devices (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Ergonomische Anforderungen für Bürotätigkeiten mit Bildschirmgeräten - Teil 9:
Anforderungen an Eingabemittel-ausgenommen Tastaturen (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux a écrans de
visualisation (TEV) - Partie 9: Exigences relatives aux dispositifs d'entrée autres que les
claviers (ISO 9241-9:2000)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9241-9:2000
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9241-9
First edition
2000-02-15
Ergonomic requirements for office work
with visual display terminals (VDTs) —
Part 9:
Requirements for non-keyboard input
devices
Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux à écrans
de visualisation (TEV) —
Partie 9: Exigences relatives aux dispositifs d'entrée autres que les claviers
Reference number
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
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ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
3.1 Actions.2
3.2 Feedback .3
3.3 Hardware.3
3.4 Measures .7
3.5 Posture.8
3.6 Usability indicators.11
4 Guiding principles .11
4.1 General.11
4.2 Operability .11
4.3 Controllability.12
4.4 Biomechanical load .13
5 Performance criterion .13
6 Design requirements and recommendations .13
6.1 General requirements and recommendations.13
6.2 Specific input device requirements and recommendations .16
7 Measurement conditions and conventions.21
7.1 General.21
7.2 Types of measurements.21
7.3 Required measurements.22
7.4 Legibility legends’ and symbols identification of graphic symbols.22
8 Conformance.24
Annex A (informative) Input device selection, usability testing and analysis .25
Annex B (informative) Testing of efficiency and effectiveness.28
Annex C (informative) Assessment of comfort .37
Annex D (informative) Additional evaluation methods.41
Bibliography.42
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 9241 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 9241-9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee
SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual
display terminals (VDTs):
� Part 1: General introduction
� Part 2: Guidance on task requirements
� Part 3: Visual display requirements
� Part 4: Keyboard requirements
� Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements
� Part 6: Guidance on the work environment
� Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections
� Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours
� Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices
� Part 10: Dialogue principles
� Part 11: Guidance on usability
� Part 12: Presentation of information
� Part 13: User guidance
� Part 14: Menu dialogues
� Part 15: Command dialogues
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ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
� Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues
� Part 17: Form filling dialogues
Annexes A, B, C and D of this part of ISO 9241 are for information only.
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Introduction
Non-keyboard input devices are commonly used by operators to perform tasks with interactive office computer
systems. Input device design can have a significant impact on efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction. The
requirements and recommendations are based on ergonomic principles.
The design requirements and recommendations are intended to address the fifth to ninety-fifth percentile of the
population. However, when possible, non-keyboard input devices should be designed to accommodate the
anthropometric characteristics of the intended user population.
Annexes A to D are included to provide information on potential methods of testing input devices and to encourage
institutions or individuals to conduct research on these methods such that further validation can be supplied.
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display
terminals (VDTs) —
Part 9:
Requirements for non-keyboard input devices
1 Scope
This part of ISO 9241 provides requirements and recommendations for the design of non-keyboard input devices. It
only includes devices for which there exists sufficient published ergonomic information.
This part of ISO 9241 applies to several types of non-keyboard input devices designed for stationary use. It
provides guidance based on ergonomic factors for the following input devices: mice, pucks, joysticks, trackballs,
tablets and overlays, touch-sensitive screens, styli, and light pens. It gives guidance on the design of these devices
used for typical office tasks so that the limitations and capabilities of users are considered. This part of ISO 9241
specifies methods for determining conformance through observation, performance, and by measuring the physical
attributes of the various devices.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 9241. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 9241 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 9241-3, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 3: Visual display
requirements.
1)
ISO 9241-3:1992, Amendment 1:— , Annex C (normative): Visual performance and comfort test.
ISO 9241-5, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs)— Part 5: Workstation
layout and postural requirements.
ISO 9241-7, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 7: Requirements
for display with reflections.
ISO 9241-8, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 8: Requirements
for displayed colours.
ISO 13406-2, Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat panels — Part 2: Requirements
for flat panel displays.
1) To be published.
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 9241, the following terms and definitions apply. The illustrations of the devices
used in this clause do not necessarily represent the design requirements and recommendations of this part of
ISO 9241.
3.1 Actions
3.1.1
click
depression and release of a button or actuation point on an input device
3.1.2
drag
moving one or more objects on a display by translating it along a path determined by a pointer
3.1.3
free-hand input
input where the input device controls the movement of the cursor without any constraints following the manual input
of the user
3.1.4
pointing
operation with a graphic user interface in which an input device is used to move a small display image (such as a
pointer) to a specific location on the display
3.1.4.1
direct pointing
hitting a target unaided by system feedback
EXAMPLE By direct pointing with a finger or stylus.
3.1.4.2
indirect pointing
using system visual feedback to hit a target
EXAMPLE When the system is controlling a screen pointer in response to a mouse movement.
3.1.5
selecting
choosing one or more items on a display
3.1.6 Touch strategies
3.1.6.1
first-contact touch strategy
actuation of display area upon touching the display surface
3.1.6.2
last-contact touch strategy
actuation of display area upon withdrawing touch from the display surface
3.1.7
tracing
following the outline of an image by moving the cursor or input device over the lines or shape of an image
3.1.8
tracking
moving a pointer or predefined symbol across the surface of a display screen in order to follow a target
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ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
3.2 Feedback
3.2.1
feedback
indicators (such as tactile, auditory or visual) sensed by a user of an action (such as movement or actuation of an
input device)
NOTE Display feedback refers to a change on the display resulting from an input device movement or activation.
3.2.1.1
kinesthetic feedback
action perceived by the mechano-receptors in joints, muscles, and tendons resulting in awareness of position,
movement, weight, and resistance of the limbs or other body parts
3.2.1.2
tactile feedback
indication of the results of a user action transmitted through the sense of touch
3.3 Hardware
3.3.1
button
mechanical object integrated into an input device, which responds to force when depressed, and provides input to
the computer
3.3.2
goniometer
instrument which measures the angle of the joints
3.3.3
input device
user-controlled device that transmits information to a system
3.3.4
joystick
lever mounted on a fixed base (see Figure 1) used to control the movement of objects displayed on a screen and
which controls the relationship between the force or movement applied to the lever and the movement of a pointer
Figure 1 — Side view of example of a joystick
3.3.4.1
displacement joystick
joystick with a lever that tilts in the direction of applied force from a home position moving the display pointer in
proportion to the displacement distance
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ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
3.3.5
light-pen
light-sensitive input device that, when pointed onto a specific location on a display, identifies its position to the
system (see Figure 2)
Figure 2 — Example of a light-pen against a display
3.3.6
mouse
computer input device having one or more buttons and capable of two-dimensional rolling motion which can drive a
cursor on the display and performs a variety of selection options or commands
3.3.7
overlay
thin template on the surface of a tablet (see Figure 3) used to indicate the graphic functions available to the user
Figure 3 — Top view of example of a tablet with a graphic overlay (indicated by arrow)
3.3.8
palm rest
surface which supports the palm of the hand when using an input device (see Figure 4)
NOTE A palm rest is smaller than a wrist rest which provides support for both the palm and wrist, or the wrist only.
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ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Figure 4 — Top view and side view examples of palm rests used with mice
3.3.9
pointer
symbol on a display which indicates the input or selection position whose movement is controlled by an input
device
3.3.10
puck
hand-held device similar to a mouse but with a reticle view port and that is typically used with a digitizing tablet (see
Figure 5)
Figure 5 — Top view examples of two types of pucks
3.3.11
reticle
orthogonal lines in the lens of a puck used to visually align the puck to an image (see Figure 6)
Figure 6 — Top view of example of a puck with reticle (indicated in exploded view on left)
3.3.12
selector button
actuator located on an input device
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3.3.13
stylus
pen-shaped pointing device which, when touched to a display or graphics tablet (see Figure 7), can be used to
draw images on a display or select displayed objects typically by depressing the stylus tip or actuating a button
locatedalongthesideof the stylus
Figure 7 — Side view of example of a stylus over a graphics tablet
3.3.14
tablet
special flat surface with an input device (such as a stylus or puck) for selection, drawing, or indicating position of
images to be displayed (see Figure 3)
3.3.15
touch-sensitive screen (TSS)
input device that produces a position and selection input signal from a finger touching, lifting off, or moving across a
display
3.3.16
trackball
ball in a fixed housing that can be rolled in any direction by the fingers to control pointer movement, and that often
has adjacent buttons (see Figure 8)
Figure 8 — Example of top view of a trackball device with buttons
3.3.17
workstation
assembly comprising display equipment with or without a central processing unit, which may be provided with a
keyboard and/or input device and/or software determining the operator/machine-interface, optional accessories,
peripherals and the immediate work environment
[ISO 9241-5:1998]
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3.4 Measures
3.4.1
biomechanical load
effect of work posture and effort on the musculo-skeletal system
3.4.2
colour difference
difference between two colour stimuli, defined as the Euclidean distance between the points representing them in
the CIE 1976 L*u*v*
NOTE See ISO 9241-8:1997.
3.4.3
design reference posture
posture specified for the purpose of workstation design to define relative positions and dimensions
[ISO 9241-5:1998]
3.4.4
design viewing distance
distance or range of distances (specified by the display supplier) between the screen and the operator’s eyes for
which the images on the display meet the requirements of this part of ISO 9241, such as that character size, raster
modulation, fill factor, spatial instability (jitter) and temporal instability (flicker)
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9241-3:1992.
3.4.5
gain
relationship of the movement or change of an indicator on a display to the movement of a control
3.4.6
intended user population
groups of human beings for which a product or a workstation is designed
EXAMPLE Male and female workers of Southeast Asian origin aged between 45 and 65 years.
3.4.7
movement time
time to move a pointing device from a start position to a target position excluding stimulus presentation time and
button actuation time
3.4.8
parallax
difference in the apparent relative positions of objects when viewed from different points
3.4.9
resolution (resolving power)
smallest detectable movement, or actuation force, of an input device that results in a pointer displacement on a
display
3.4.10
task primitive
fundamental action (like pointing, selecting and dragging) associated with using a non-keyboard input device
NOTE User tasks contain a mix of task primitives.
3.4.11
throughput
measure of the rate of information transfer when a user is operating an input device to control a pointer on a display
NOTE Throughput is measured in bits per second.
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3.5 Posture
3.5.1
abduction of the arm
lateral moving or turning of the arm away from the body and position of arm and shoulder after this movement
3.5.2
adduction of the arm
lateral moving or turning of the arm towards the body, and position of arm and shoulder after this movement
3.5.3
deviation
moving or turning of the hand in its own plane away from the axis of the forearm, and position after this movement
3.5.4
displacement
change of position in the location of a point with respect to some reference coordinate
3.5.5
dorsal
pertaining to the back of the hand (see Figure 9)
Figure 9 — Dorsal view of hand
3.5.6
extension
moving a limb segment in the dorsal direction, and position of the segment and joint after this movement (see
Figure 10)
Figure 10 — Example of hand extension
3.5.7
flexion
moving a limb segment in the ventral direction (for example, moving the hand and fingers toward the palm) and
position of the segment and joint after this movement (see Figure 11)
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ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Figure 11 — Hand flexion
3.5.8
neutral posture
position that the body (and parts of the body) assumes when completely relaxed, that is, without any intentional
bending at the joints
3.5.9
palm
ventral area of the hand between wrist and base of fingers (see Figure 12)
Figure 12 — Palmar area (indicated by the circle) of the hand
3.5.10
pronation
medial rotation of the forearm (see Figure 13)
Figure 13 — Pronation (rotation indicated by arrow)
3.5.11
radial hand deviation
bending the hand at the wrist in the direction of the thumb (see Figure 14)
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ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
Figure 14 — Radial hand deviation (direction indicated by arrow)
3.5.12
reach envelope
optimum or maximum space accessible to the intended user population with respect to a specified user position
3.5.13
supination
lateral rotation of the forearm (see Figure 15)
Figure 15 — Supination (rotation indicated by arrow)
3.5.14
ulnar deviation
bending the hand at the wrist in the direction of the little finger (see Figure 16)
Figure 16 — Ulnar deviation of hand (direction indicated by arrow)
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SIST EN ISO 9241-9:2002
ISO 9241-9:2000(E)
3.6 Usability indicators
3.6.1
effectiveness
accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals
[ISO 9241-11: 1998]
3.6.2
efficiency
resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals
[ISO 9241-11: 1998]
3.6.3
satisfaction
freedom from discomfort, and positive attitudes of users towards the use of the product
[ISO 9241-11: 1998]
3.6.4
usability
extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency
and satisfaction in a specified context of use
[ISO 9241-11:1998]
4 Guiding principles
4.1 General
This clause describes basic ergonomic principles that apply to all input devices and are the basis for the general
and specific requirements and recommendations given in clause 6.
4.1.1 Appropriateness
An appropriate input device is effective, efficient and satisfactory for the tasks being performed and the intended
work environment.
NOTE Input device appropriateness may be enhanced by software.
4.2 Operability
4.2.1 Obviousness
The intended use of an appropriately designed input device for a task primitive is either obvious or easily
discovered.
4.2.2 Predictability
The use of an input device is predictable when it is designed to operate and respond according to the expectations
of the intended user population.
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4.2.3 Consistency
The use of an input device is consistent when it operates and responds in the same manner when used in similar
situations.
4.2.4 Compatibility
An input device is user compatible when its design accommodates anthropometric characteristics and
biomechanical capabilities of the intended users.
4.2.5 Efficiency
An input device is most efficient when it functions with the least amount of time and effort.
4.2.6 Effectiveness
A device is effective when its design takes into consideration factors that lead to enhanced or optimized user
performance by means of accuracy and completeness.
4.2.7 Feedback
An input device provides effective feedback when the user is given immediately perceptible and understandable
indication that the device is reacting to user actuation.
4.2.8 Satisfaction
An input device design is satisfactory when its design incorporates factors that lead to freedom of discomfort and
enhance positive attitudes of users towards its use.
4.3 Controllability
4.3.1 Responsiveness
An input device is considered to be responsive when feedback following its actuation is consistent and accurate.
4.3.2 Non-interference
An appropriately designed input device does not interfere with its own use; for example, the user's hand or arm
does not block an infrared beam and cables do not interfere with movement or control of the device during its
intended use.
4.3.3 Grip surface
Control of an input device is adequate when its grip and contact surface prevents unintended slipping during its
intended use.
4.3.4 Device access
Access of an input device is adequate when it can be grasped, positioned and manipulated quickly and easily
without adversely affecting performance.
NOTE The positioning of a device depends on its design, the design and adjustment of the workstation and the position of
the user.
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4.3.5 Control access
Access to input device controls is adequate when they can be located and actuated quickly and easily.
4.4 Biomechanical load
4.4.1 Postures
An appropriately designed input device can be operated by the user without undue deviation from a neutral
posture.
4.4.2 Effort
An appropriately designed input device can be operated without excessive effort.
4.4.3 User training
Users who are informed of the proper use of input devices, and make use of such information, can avoid excessive
effort and obtain improved performance.
5 Performance criterion
The input device shall be useable for its designated purpose. It is considered useable if users can achieve a
satisfactory level of performance on a given task and maintain an acceptable level of effort and satisfaction. This
objective is considered to be met when the guidelines in clause 4 are considered and the design requirements in
clause 6 are satisfied and recommendations considered.
6 Design requirements and recommendations
This clause contains design requirements and recommendations for the input devices addressed in this part of
ISO 9241.
6.1 General requirements and recommendations
Test methods to evaluate the conformance of normative requirements are described in clause 7.
6.1.1 Anchoring
If the input device is designed to be used for fine-positioning accuracy, it shall be possible to anchor some part of
the fingers, hand, wrist, or arm on either the input device or the worksurface to create a stable relationship between
the hand and the point of action.
6.1.2 Resolution
The input device should be designed for achieving a resolution that supports the precision required by the task
primitive. The
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